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Cardiology286 papers

Arteriovenous fistula infection

Last edited: 4/23/2026

Overview

Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) infection refers to the development of infection within or adjacent to an AVF, often complicating its use in hemodialysis or arising from traumatic injuries. These infections can lead to significant morbidity and may necessitate surgical intervention or AVF abandonment 1 2 3 12 20 29 32 36 49.

Diagnosis

Clinical signs include fever, local tenderness, purulent drainage, and systemic inflammatory response 12 20.

Imaging studies (ultrasound, CT, MRI) to assess fistula integrity and surrounding tissue involvement 1 2 3 12 29.

Blood cultures and wound cultures for microbiological analysis 12 20.

Doppler ultrasound to evaluate flow dynamics and detect thrombosis or pseudoaneurysms 3 12 32 49.

Management

Antibiotic Therapy: Broad-spectrum antibiotics initially, tailored based on culture and sensitivity results 12 20.

Source Control: Surgical debridement or endovascular intervention to remove infected material or thrombosed segments 1 2 3 12 20 29.

Thrombolysis: Mechanical or pharmacological thrombolysis for thrombotic complications 3 13 32 49.

Device Retrieval: Endovascular retrieval for retained foreign bodies 5 29.

Stenting: Use of stent grafts for managing outflow stenoses or pseudoaneurysms 19 35 59.

Special Populations

Pediatrics: Traumatic AVFs are rare but require prompt endovascular or surgical intervention 2 11.

Elderly: Increased risk of complications; careful consideration of surgical versus endovascular approaches 20 36.

Comorbidities: Patients with existing vascular anomalies or renal disease may require specialized management to preserve AVF patency 5 15 50.

Key Recommendations

Initiate Broad-Spectrum Antibiotics and tailor based on culture results (Evidence: Moderate) 12 20.

Perform Source Control through surgical debridement or endovascular techniques (Evidence: Moderate) 1 2 3 12 20 29.

Utilize Imaging (ultrasound, CT, MRI) for comprehensive assessment of AVF and surrounding tissues (Evidence: Moderate) 1 2 3 12 29 32 49.

Consider Thrombolysis for thrombotic complications to maintain patency (Evidence: Weak) 3 13 32 49.

Evaluate and Treat Venous Outflow Issues to prevent recurrent stenosis and maintain AVF function (Evidence: Moderate) 44 69.

References

Showing 100 most recent of 197 indexed papers.

1 Yoo DH, Kim KM, Cho YD, Kang HS. Spinal arteriovenous fistulas supplied by branches of internal iliac artery: clinical features and endovascular treatment outcomes. Acta neurochirurgica 2026. link 2 Callegari A, Bonnet D, Malekzadeh-Milani S. Neonatal Transcatheter Closure of a Large Pulmonary Arteriovenous Fistula with a KONAR-MF™ VSD Occluder. Pediatric cardiology 2026. link 3 Pires GLO, Moreira Lutterbach ACT, Rivera MACP, Cavalcanti D, Ayub JP, Appolonio F et al.. Retrospective study of vacuum aspiration mechanical thrombectomy device in the treatment of arteriovenous fistula thrombosis and patient is on hemodialysis. The journal of vascular access 2026. link 4 Balaz P, Rokosny S, Fabian B, Wohlfhart P, Whitley A. Comparison of aneurysmorrhaphy with and without external support for the management of arteriovenous aneurysms. The journal of vascular access 2026. link 5 Choon Kwang Adrian C, Hsien Tsung T. Retained foreign body in radial artery: Endovascular retrieval and salvage of a hemodialysis arteriovenous fistula. The journal of vascular access 2026. link 6 Xiao Z, White NA, Wen J, Postma RJ, Sol WMPJ, van den Berg BM et al.. Exploring the link between disturbed flow and endothelial cell function in an in vitro arteriovenous fistula model. Acta biomaterialia 2026. link 7 Wang H, Ni Q, Qi H, Qian X, Chu Y, Wang Y et al.. Splicing of fibronectin gene contribute to the aneurysmal dilatation of arteriovenous fistula. Renal failure 2026. link 8 Cristiano F, Lodi M. The management of high flow arteriovenous fistula and possible solutions. The journal of vascular access 2025. link 9 Ozdemir M, Taydas O. Comparison of the efficacy of drug-coated balloon angioplasty and conventional balloon angioplasty in the endovascular treatment of thrombosed arteriovenous dialysis fistulas. Therapeutic apheresis and dialysis : official peer-reviewed journal of the International Society for Apheresis, the Japanese Society for Apheresis, the Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy 2025. link 10 Gregg LJ, Tamargo RJ, Gailloud P. A spinal perimedullary arteriovenous fistula treated by Walter Dandy and illustrated by Dorcas Hager Padget in 1934. Journal of neurosurgery 2025. link 11 Ottewell LAD, Paranathala MP, Robson CH, Jenkins AJ. Traumatic arteriovenous fistula from internal maxillary artery following trigeminal balloon compression. British journal of neurosurgery 2025. link 12 Zhang YM, Chen W, Wei HL, Tang XH, Xie FH, Wang RX. Analysis of predictive factors of thrombosis in autogenous arteriovenous fistula. The journal of vascular access 2024. link 13 Cavalcante RN, Nishinari K, Centofanti G, Krutman M, De Fina B, Sato VH et al.. The role of vacuum-assisted mechanical thrombectomy in the management of acutely thrombosed arteriovenous fistulas and grafts. The journal of vascular access 2024. link 14 Yan Q, Davies MG. Comparison of Open and Endovascular Aneurysm Repair in Native Arteriovenous Fistulas. Annals of vascular surgery 2024. link 15 Xiao Y, Vazquez-Padron RI, Martinez L, Singer HA, Woltmann D, Salman LH. Role of platelet factor 4 in arteriovenous fistula maturation failure: What do we know so far?. The journal of vascular access 2024. link 16 Feng T, Ma Z, Pan C, Yu P. Pentoxifylline decreases the activity of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 pathway: potential role for preventing arteriovenous fistula stenosis. The journal of vascular access 2024. link 17 Zhou Z, Yu J. Embolization of cerebellar pial arteriovenous fistula presented with congestive edema of the brainstem and cervical cord. The neuroradiology journal 2024. link 18 Gan CC, Tan RY, Delaney CL, Puckridge PJ, Pang SC, Tng ARK et al.. Study protocol for a Prospective, Randomized controlled trial of stEnt graft and Drug-coated bAlloon Treatment for cephalic arch stenOsis in dysfunctional arteRio-venous fistulas (PREDATOR). The journal of vascular access 2024. link 19 Gunasekera S, de Silva C, Ng O, Thomas S, Varcoe R, Barber T. Stenosis to stented: decrease in flow disturbances following stent implantation of a diseased arteriovenous fistula. Biomechanics and modeling in mechanobiology 2024. link 20 Palić B, Mandić A, Prskalo Z, Fazlibegović E. 32-year-old Traumatic Arteriovenous Fistula Presenting With Leg Ulcer and High-output Heart Failure. Vascular and endovascular surgery 2024. link 21 Prasad R, Vignesh S, Yadav RR, Sharma S, Hasani P, Yadav T et al.. Direct Percutaneous Thrombolysis (DPT): A novel method of salvaging Thrombosed Native Arteriovenous Fistula. The journal of vascular access 2024. link 22 Tsouknidas I, Giannopoulos S, Tassiopoulos A, Koullias G. Treatment of arteriovenous access pseudoaneurysms using ultrasound guided balloon assisted thrombin injection: Two cases and systematic review of the literature. The journal of vascular access 2024. link 23 Yamamoto H, Nanto M, Kishida K, Goto Y, Hashimoto N. Iatrogenic Vertebral Arteriovenous Fistula Involving Brachiocephalic Vein Due to Central Venous Catheterization: A Case Report. Journal of endovascular therapy : an official journal of the International Society of Endovascular Specialists 2023. link 24 Guo Y, Yu J. Treatment of filum terminale pial arteriovenous fistulas in the sacral region: A case report and systematic review. The neuroradiology journal 2023. link 25 Cunnane CV, Houston JG, Moran DT, Broderick SP, Ross RA, Walsh MT. Spiral Laminar Flow is Associated with a Reduction in Disturbed Shear in Patient-Specific Models of an Arteriovenous Fistula. Cardiovascular engineering and technology 2023. link 26 Vazquez-Padron RI, Martinez L, Duque JC, Salman LH, Tabbara M. The anatomical sources of neointimal cells in the arteriovenous fistula. The journal of vascular access 2023. link 27 Janeckova J, Bachleda P, Koleckova M, Utikal P. Brachial artery aneurysm as a late complication of arteriovenous fistula. The journal of vascular access 2023. link 28 Beigh A, Mazumder MA. Successful treatment of a brachial artery pseudoaneurysm in a brachiobasilic arteriovenous fistula using ultrasound-guided manual compression. Journal of ultrasound 2023. link 29 Shehadeh SA, Tabbara M, Martinez L, Vazquez-Padron RI. A snapshot of early venous remodeling in a 7-day-old arteriovenous fistula. The journal of vascular access 2023. link 30 Matsuda H, Oka Y, Takatsu S, Miyazaki M. Anesthetic effect of ultrasound-guided block of the musculocutaneous nerve during endovascular treatment of dysfunctional radiocephalic arteriovenous fistulas. The journal of vascular access 2023. link 31 Clarençon F, Parat D, Shotar E, Premat K, Lenck S, Drir M et al.. 'Balloon pressure technique' for endovascular treatment of spinal cord arteriovenous fistulas: preliminary results in 10 cases. Journal of neurointerventional surgery 2023. link 32 Yii E, Yii MK, Thwaites S, Zhu J, Chong T, Tong L et al.. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of arteriovenous dialysis access flow using ultrasound. ANZ journal of surgery 2022. link 33 Yao C, Tan Z, Miao P, Tian R, Chen X, Yu Z. Surgical repair of a special category of arteriovenous fistula outflow stenosis caused by venous valve hyperplasia. Vascular 2022. link 34 Vercelli GG, Venturi F, Minardi M, Cofano F, Zenga F, Bergui M et al.. Time-Resolved Magnetic Resonance Angiography for Follow-Up of Treated Dural and Epidural Spinal Arteriovenous Fistula. Journal of neurological surgery. Part A, Central European neurosurgery 2022. link 35 Li Y, Cui W, Wang J, Zhang C, Luo T. Efficacy of High-Pressure Balloon for the Treatment of Arteriovenous Fistula Stenosis: A Meta-Analysis. Journal of endovascular therapy : an official journal of the International Society of Endovascular Specialists 2022. link 36 Rodriguez S, Pomy BJ, Mangipudi S, Sidawy AN, Ricotta JJ, Nguyen BN et al.. Single-Institution Learning Curve for Management of Mega-Fistulae Revision. Annals of vascular surgery 2022. link 37 Bai H, Wei S, Xie B, Wang Z, Li M, Qiao Z et al.. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) mediates neointimal thickness in arteriovenous fistulae with different anastomotic angles in rats. The journal of vascular access 2022. link 38 Asensio JA, Dabestani PJ, Miljkovic SS, Wenzl FA, Kessler JJ, Kalamchi LD et al.. Traumatic penetrating arteriovenous fistulas: a collective review. European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society 2022. link 39 Spanuchart I, Amin B, Sequeira A, Virk C, Abreo K, Sachdeva B. Catheter-directed thrombolytic infusion for thrombosed arteriovenous fistulas with a large clot burden: A case series. The journal of vascular access 2022. link 40 Alawneh K, Al-Barbarawi M, Qawasmeh MA, Raffee LA, Al-Mistarehi AH. Successful Use of Neurovascular Plug for Embolization of Scalp Arteriovenous Fistula: A Novel Technique. Journal of endovascular therapy : an official journal of the International Society of Endovascular Specialists 2022. link 41 Yamashita S, Fujita A, Kohta M, Sasayama T, Kohmura E. Bone-destructive osseous arteriovenous fistula at the jugular bulb mimicking a glomus jugular tumor. Neuro-Chirurgie 2022. link 42 Loureiro L, Mendes D, Sousa CN, Almeida P, Norton de Matos A, Teles P et al.. Ruptured arteriovenous fistula pseudoaneurysm treatment by balloon-assisted direct percutaneous thrombin injection. Seminars in dialysis 2022. link 43 Tripsianis G, Christaina E, Argyriou C, Georgakarakos E, Georgiadis GS, Lazarides MK. Network meta-analysis of trials comparing first line endovascular treatments for arteriovenous fistula stenosis. Journal of vascular surgery 2021. link 44 Luque VSM, Villayandre JA, Gonzalez EG, Perez MA, De la Quintana M. Hemodialysis fistula stenosis caused by extrinsic vascular compression: The May-Thurner of fistulas. The journal of vascular access 2021. link 45 Clarençon F, Shotar E, Pouvelle A, Premat K, Lenck S, Drir M et al.. Spinal epidural arteriovenous fistula embolization with ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) copolymer using the Scepter Mini dual-lumen balloon. Journal of neurointerventional surgery 2021. link 46 Furtado SV, Srinivasa R, Vala K, Mohan D. Contemporary management of scalp cirsoid aneurysm: A dual-trained neurosurgeon's perspective. Clinical neurology and neurosurgery 2021. link 47 Gilbert A, Thubert T, Dochez V, Riteau AS, Ducloyer M, Ragot P et al.. Angiographic findings and outcomes after embolization of patients with suspected postabortion uterine arteriovenous fistula. Journal of gynecology obstetrics and human reproduction 2021. link 48 Ryu B, Sato S, Mochizuki T, Niimi Y. Spinal arteriovenous fistula located in the filum terminale externa: A case report and review of the literature. Interventional neuroradiology : journal of peritherapeutic neuroradiology, surgical procedures and related neurosciences 2021. link 49 Granata A, Maccarrone R, Di Lullo L, Morale W, Battaglia GG, Di Nicolò P et al.. Feasibility of routine ultrasound-guided percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in the treatment of native arteriovenous fistula dysfunction. The journal of vascular access 2021. link 50 Zhou F, Cui Y, Zhao Q, Xu H, Zu M, Xu W. Hypertension Caused by Renal Arteriovenous Fistula with Multiple Renal Artery Aneurysms. Annals of vascular surgery 2021. link 51 Gardezi AI, Mawih M, Alrawi EB, Karim MS, Aziz F, Chan MR. Mega Fistulae! A case series. The journal of vascular access 2021. link 52 Schilling EM, Weinrich M, Heller T, Koball S, Neumann A. Giant brachial artery aneurysm as a rare complication of a dialysis shunt. The journal of vascular access 2020. link 53 Lebovitz J, Storey C, Sweid A, Tjoumakaris S, Gooch MR, Rosenwasser R et al.. Onyx Embolization of Spinal Arteriovenous Fistula via Scepter Balloon. World neurosurgery 2020. link 54 Lee HY, Roh YN, Kim HT, Park UJ. Arterial Aneurysmal Degeneration With Venous Varicosity Following Ligation of an Arteriovenous Fistula in a Kidney Transplant Recipient. Vascular and endovascular surgery 2019. link 55 Kang MS, Kim KH, Park JY, Kuh SU, Chin DK, Jin BH et al.. Comparison of Endovascular Embolization and Surgery in the Treatment of Spinal Intradural Dorsal Arteriovenous Fistulas. World neurosurgery 2019. link 56 Björkman P, Weselius EM, Kokkonen T, Rauta V, Albäck A, Venermo M. Drug-Coated Versus Plain Balloon Angioplasty In Arteriovenous Fistulas: A Randomized, Controlled Study With 1-Year Follow-Up (The Drecorest Ii-Study). Scandinavian journal of surgery : SJS : official organ for the Finnish Surgical Society and the Scandinavian Surgical Society 2019. link 57 Aljobeh A, Sorenson TJ, Bortolotti C, Cloft H, Lanzino G. Vertebral Arteriovenous Fistula: A Review Article. World neurosurgery 2019. link 58 Duque JC, Tabbara M, Martinez L, Paez A, Selman G, Salman LH et al.. Similar degree of intimal hyperplasia in surgically detected stenotic and nonstenotic arteriovenous fistula segments: a preliminary report. Surgery 2018. link 59 Aurshina A, Hingorani A, Marks N, Ascher E. Utilization of stent grafts in the management of arteriovenous access pseudoaneurysms. Vascular 2018. link 60 Wu JX, Chen GC, Wu MJ, Lin CH, Chen T. Bilateral photoplethysmography for arterial steal detection in arteriovenous fistula using a fractional-order decision-making quantizer. Medical & biological engineering & computing 2017. link 61 Yu J, Guo Y, Wu Z, Xu K. Traumatic arteriovenous fistula between the extracranial middle meningeal artery and the pterygoid plexus: A case report and literature review. Interventional neuroradiology : journal of peritherapeutic neuroradiology, surgical procedures and related neurosciences 2017. link 62 Ashour R, Orbach DB. Lower vertebral-epidural spinal arteriovenous fistulas: a unique subtype of vertebrovertebral arteriovenous fistula, treatable with coil and Penumbra Occlusion Device embolization. Journal of neurointerventional surgery 2016. link 63 Ming Z, Li W, Ding W, Yuan R, Li X. The efficacy of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty treatment for the patients with arteriovenous fistula dysfunction. International angiology : a journal of the International Union of Angiology 2016. link 64 D'Amico M, Miraglia R, Caruso S, Maruzzelli L, Cortis K, Luca A. Endovascular Embolization of a Large High-Flow Splenic Arteriovenous Fistula and Aneurysm Using the Amplatzer Vascular Plug II. Annals of vascular surgery 2016. link 65 Ding D, Starke RM, Manka D, Crowley RW, Liu KC. Endovascular coil embolization of a spinal epidural arteriovenous fistula with associated cord compression from an enlarging venous varix. Interventional neuroradiology : journal of peritherapeutic neuroradiology, surgical procedures and related neurosciences 2015. link 66 Watson KR, Gallagher M, Ross R, Severn A, Nagy J, Cochrane L et al.. The aneurysmal arteriovenous fistula - morphological study and assessment of clinical implications. A pilot study. Vascular 2015. link 67 Yamamoto N, Koga K, Akahane M, Wada-Hiraike O, Fujii T, Osuga Y. Temporary balloon occlusion of the uterine arteries to control hemorrhage during hysterectomy in a case of uterine arteriovenous fistula. The journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research 2015. link 68 Nassar GM, Rhee E, Khan AJ, Nguyen B, Achkar K, Beathard G. Percutaneous thrombectomy of AVF: immediate success and long-term patency rates. Seminars in dialysis 2015. link 69 Patel MS, Street T, Davies MG, Peden EK, Naoum JJ. Evaluating and treating venous outflow stenoses is necessary for the successful open surgical treatment of arteriovenous fistula aneurysms. Journal of vascular surgery 2015. link 70 Vo T, Tumbaga G, Aka P, Behseresht J, Hsu J, Tayarrah M. Staple aneurysmorrhaphy to salvage autogenous arteriovenous fistulas with aneurysm-related complications. Journal of vascular surgery 2015. link 71 De Santis F, Martini G, Mani G, Bernhard O. Diffuse aneurysmal degeneration of the brachial artery after long-standing high-flow arteriovenous fistula closure for hemodialysis at elbow level. Annals of vascular surgery 2014. link 72 Dabus G, Pizzolato R, Lin E, Kreusch A, Linfante I. Endovascular treatment for traumatic scalp arteriovenous fistulas: results with Onyx embolization. Journal of neurointerventional surgery 2014. link 73 Li F, Song X, Liu C, Liu B, Zheng Y. Endovascular stent-graft treatment for a traumatic vertebrovertebral arteriovenous fistula with pseudoaneurysm. Annals of vascular surgery 2014. link 74 Phadke RV, Bhattacharyya A, Handique A, Jain K, Kumar A, Singh V et al.. Endovascular treatment in spinal perimedullary arteriovenous fistula. Interventional neuroradiology : journal of peritherapeutic neuroradiology, surgical procedures and related neurosciences 2014. link 75 Takeuchi M, Niwa A, Matsuo N, Joko M, Nakura T, Aoyama M et al.. Pathomorphological description of the shunted portion of a filum terminale arteriovenous fistula. The spine journal : official journal of the North American Spine Society 2014. link 76 Hossny A. Partial aneurysmectomy for salvage of autogenous arteriovenous fistula with complicated venous aneurysms. Journal of vascular surgery 2014. link 77 Na SJ, Koh YS, Kim TH, Park SC, Shin WS, Chun HJ et al.. Iliocaval fistula presenting with paradoxical pulmonary embolism combined with high-output heart failure successfully treated by endovascular stent-graft repair: case report. Journal of Korean medical science 2014. link 78 Yamaguchi S, Takeda M, Mitsuhara T, Kajihara S, Mukada K, Eguchi K et al.. Application of 4D-CTA using 320-row area detector computed tomography on spinal arteriovenous fistulae: initial experience. Neurosurgical review 2013. link 79 Adams A, Allouni K, Basheer S, Evanson J, Mankad K. Case report: spontaneous resolution of an established iatrogenic vertebral arteriovenous fistula. Journal of child neurology 2013. link 80 Perkov D, Novačić K, Novosel L, Knežević N. Percutaneous embolization of idiopathic renal arteriovenous fistula using Amplatzer vascular plug II. International urology and nephrology 2013. link 81 Almehmi A, Wang S. Partial aneurysmectomy is effective in managing aneurysm-associated complications of arteriovenous fistulae for hemodialysis: case series and literature review. Seminars in dialysis 2012. link 82 Raml NM. Irreversible sequela in an arterial venous fistula with steal syndrome: a case study. Journal of vascular nursing : official publication of the Society for Peripheral Vascular Nursing 2012. link 83 Lim SP, Lesiuk H, Sinclair J, Lum C. Preoperative or preembolization lesion targeting using rotational angiographic fiducial marking in the neuroendovascular suite. Journal of neurosurgery 2011. link 84 Pasqualetto L, Papa R, Isalberti M, Nuzzi NP, Branca V. The endovascular treatment of a spinal perimedullary arteriovenous fistula with coils: a case report. Journal of neurointerventional surgery 2011. link 85 Basile C, Antonelli M, Libutti P, Teutonico A, Casucci F, Lomonte C. Is there a link between the late occurrence of a brachial artery aneurysm and the ligation of an arteriovenous fistula?. Seminars in dialysis 2011. link 86 Raynaud A, Novelli L, Rovani X, Carreres T, Bourquelot P, Hermelin A et al.. Radiocephalic fistula complicated by distal ischemia: treatment by ulnar artery dilatation. Cardiovascular and interventional radiology 2010. link 87 Jin YJ, Chung SK, Kwon OK, Kim HJ. Spinal intraosseous arteriovenous fistula in the fractured vertebral body. AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology 2010. link 88 Yevzlin AS, Chan MR, Gimelli G, Maya ID. How I do it: endovascular stent deployment using a novel technique that obviates the need for introducer-sheath upsizing. Seminars in dialysis 2009. link 89 Brountzos EN, Ptohis N, Grammenou-Pomoni M, Panagiotou I, Kelekis D, Gouliamos A et al.. High-flow renal arteriovenous fistula treated with the Amplatzer vascular plug: implementation of an arterial and venous approach. Cardiovascular and interventional radiology 2009. link 90 Vasquez JC, Montesinos E, DeLarosa J, Leon JJ. Staged approach for surgical management of external iliac vein aneurysm associated with traumatic femoral arteriovenous fistula. Vascular and endovascular surgery 2009. link 91 Melo NC, Mundim JS, Costalonga EC, Lucon AM, Santello JL, Praxedes JN. Three cases of hypertension and renal arteriovenous fistula with a de novo fistula. Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia 2009. link 92 Krishnamoorthy MK, Banerjee RK, Wang Y, Zhang J, Sinha Roy A, Khoury SF et al.. Hemodynamic wall shear stress profiles influence the magnitude and pattern of stenosis in a pig AV fistula. Kidney international 2008. link 93 Liu JK, Decker D, Tenner MS, Couldwell WT, Chiles BW. Traumatic arteriovenous fistula of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery treated with endovascular coil embolization: case report. Surgical neurology 2004. link00422-1) 94 Briganti F, Tortora F, Elefante A, Volpe A, Bruno MC, Panagiotopoulos K. An unusual case of vertebral arteriovenous fistula treated with electrodetachable coil embolization. Minimally invasive neurosurgery : MIN 2004. link 95 Burry M, Reig AS, Beierle EA, Chen MK, Mericle RA. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation combined with endovascular embolization for management of neonatal high-output cardiac failure secondary to intracranial arteriovenous fistula. Case report. Journal of neurosurgery 2004. link 96 Gormus N, Karabacakoglu A, Solak H, Karakose S. Post-traumatic arteriovenous fistula presented with hypertrophic palmaris digitalis II. Annals of vascular surgery 2003. link 97 Hung CL, Wu YJ, Lin CS, Hou CJ. Sequential endovascular coil embolization for a traumatic cervical vertebral AV fistula. Catheterization and cardiovascular interventions : official journal of the Society for Cardiac Angiography & Interventions 2003. link 98 Seth RK, Seth S, Kabra SK. Micropulmonary arteriovenous fistula causing cyanosis. Indian journal of pediatrics 2003. link 99 Harrison CA, Srinivasan JR, Stone JL, Page RE. Spindle cell haemangioendothelioma in an arteriovenous fistula of the ring finger after blunt trauma. British journal of plastic surgery 2003. link 100 Duncan IC, Fourie PA. Percutaneous management of concomitant post-traumatic high vertebrovertebral and caroticojugular fistulas using balloons, coils, and a covered stent. Journal of endovascular therapy : an official journal of the International Society of Endovascular Specialists 2003. link

Original source

[1]
Spinal arteriovenous fistulas supplied by branches of internal iliac artery: clinical features and endovascular treatment outcomes. — Yoo DH, Kim KM, Cho YD, Kang HS Acta neurochirurgica (2026)
[2]
Neonatal Transcatheter Closure of a Large Pulmonary Arteriovenous Fistula with a KONAR-MF™ VSD Occluder. — Callegari A, Bonnet D, Malekzadeh-Milani S Pediatric cardiology (2026)
[3]
Retrospective study of vacuum aspiration mechanical thrombectomy device in the treatment of arteriovenous fistula thrombosis and patient is on hemodialysis. — Pires GLO, Moreira Lutterbach ACT, Rivera MACP, Cavalcanti D, Ayub JP, Appolonio F et al. The journal of vascular access (2026)
[4]
Comparison of aneurysmorrhaphy with and without external support for the management of arteriovenous aneurysms. — Balaz P, Rokosny S, Fabian B, Wohlfhart P, Whitley A The journal of vascular access (2026)
[5]
Retained foreign body in radial artery: Endovascular retrieval and salvage of a hemodialysis arteriovenous fistula. — Choon Kwang Adrian C, Hsien Tsung T The journal of vascular access (2026)
[6]
Exploring the link between disturbed flow and endothelial cell function in an in vitro arteriovenous fistula model. — Xiao Z, White NA, Wen J, Postma RJ, Sol WMPJ, van den Berg BM et al. Acta biomaterialia (2026)
[7]
Splicing of fibronectin gene contribute to the aneurysmal dilatation of arteriovenous fistula. — Wang H, Ni Q, Qi H, Qian X, Chu Y, Wang Y et al. Renal failure (2026)
[8]
The management of high flow arteriovenous fistula and possible solutions. — Cristiano F, Lodi M The journal of vascular access (2025)
[9]
Comparison of the efficacy of drug-coated balloon angioplasty and conventional balloon angioplasty in the endovascular treatment of thrombosed arteriovenous dialysis fistulas. — Ozdemir M, Taydas O Therapeutic apheresis and dialysis : official peer-reviewed journal of the International Society for Apheresis, the Japanese Society for Apheresis, the Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy (2025)
[10]
A spinal perimedullary arteriovenous fistula treated by Walter Dandy and illustrated by Dorcas Hager Padget in 1934. — Gregg LJ, Tamargo RJ, Gailloud P Journal of neurosurgery (2025)
[11]
Traumatic arteriovenous fistula from internal maxillary artery following trigeminal balloon compression. — Ottewell LAD, Paranathala MP, Robson CH, Jenkins AJ British journal of neurosurgery (2025)
[12]
Analysis of predictive factors of thrombosis in autogenous arteriovenous fistula. — Zhang YM, Chen W, Wei HL, Tang XH, Xie FH, Wang RX The journal of vascular access (2024)
[13]
The role of vacuum-assisted mechanical thrombectomy in the management of acutely thrombosed arteriovenous fistulas and grafts. — Cavalcante RN, Nishinari K, Centofanti G, Krutman M, De Fina B, Sato VH et al. The journal of vascular access (2024)
[14]
Comparison of Open and Endovascular Aneurysm Repair in Native Arteriovenous Fistulas. — Yan Q, Davies MG Annals of vascular surgery (2024)
[15]
Role of platelet factor 4 in arteriovenous fistula maturation failure: What do we know so far? — Xiao Y, Vazquez-Padron RI, Martinez L, Singer HA, Woltmann D, Salman LH The journal of vascular access (2024)
[16]
Pentoxifylline decreases the activity of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 pathway: potential role for preventing arteriovenous fistula stenosis. — Feng T, Ma Z, Pan C, Yu P The journal of vascular access (2024)
[17]
Embolization of cerebellar pial arteriovenous fistula presented with congestive edema of the brainstem and cervical cord. — Zhou Z, Yu J The neuroradiology journal (2024)
[18]
Study protocol for a Prospective, Randomized controlled trial of stEnt graft and Drug-coated bAlloon Treatment for cephalic arch stenOsis in dysfunctional arteRio-venous fistulas (PREDATOR). — Gan CC, Tan RY, Delaney CL, Puckridge PJ, Pang SC, Tng ARK et al. The journal of vascular access (2024)
[19]
Stenosis to stented: decrease in flow disturbances following stent implantation of a diseased arteriovenous fistula. — Gunasekera S, de Silva C, Ng O, Thomas S, Varcoe R, Barber T Biomechanics and modeling in mechanobiology (2024)
[20]
32-year-old Traumatic Arteriovenous Fistula Presenting With Leg Ulcer and High-output Heart Failure. — Palić B, Mandić A, Prskalo Z, Fazlibegović E Vascular and endovascular surgery (2024)
[21]
Direct Percutaneous Thrombolysis (DPT): A novel method of salvaging Thrombosed Native Arteriovenous Fistula. — Prasad R, Vignesh S, Yadav RR, Sharma S, Hasani P, Yadav T et al. The journal of vascular access (2024)
[22]
Treatment of arteriovenous access pseudoaneurysms using ultrasound guided balloon assisted thrombin injection: Two cases and systematic review of the literature. — Tsouknidas I, Giannopoulos S, Tassiopoulos A, Koullias G The journal of vascular access (2024)
[23]
Iatrogenic Vertebral Arteriovenous Fistula Involving Brachiocephalic Vein Due to Central Venous Catheterization: A Case Report. — Yamamoto H, Nanto M, Kishida K, Goto Y, Hashimoto N Journal of endovascular therapy : an official journal of the International Society of Endovascular Specialists (2023)
[24]
Treatment of filum terminale pial arteriovenous fistulas in the sacral region: A case report and systematic review. — Guo Y, Yu J The neuroradiology journal (2023)
[25]
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