Overview
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a chronic condition characterized by symptoms caused by the reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus, often leading to heartburn and regurgitation 34.Diagnosis
Management
Special Populations
Key Recommendations
References
Showing 100 most recent of 536 indexed papers.
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International journal of surgery (London, England) 2025. link 8 Tangvoraphonkchai K, Manasirisuk W, Apichatvullop T, Srikhajonjit S, Mitpracha M, Promsen P et al.. Comparable efficacy of generic and original alginate for symptom control in PPI-refractory GERD. Scientific reports 2025. link 9 King E, Horn D, Gluchowski N, O'Reilly D, Bruschettini M, Cooper C et al.. Safety and efficacy of proton pump inhibitors in preterm infants with gastroesophageal reflux disease. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews 2025. link 10 Tadé Y, Newman D, Walters RW, Nandipati KC. Fundoplication significantly improves objective and subjective reflux outcomes-a meta-analysis. Surgical endoscopy 2025. link 11 Khadivi A, Amiri F, Radnia P, Salehi-Pourmehr H, Mirzaei Bavil F, Pakkhesal S et al.. Proton pump inhibitors and risk of hearing loss; a systematic review. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 2025. link 12 Zhang X, Yan M. Gastroesophageal reflux disease and risk of laryngeal cancer: A Mendelian randomization study. Medicine 2025. link 13 Lv M, Huang KY, Wang XK, Wang YX, Qiao XY, Che H et al.. Comparative Analysis of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Animal Model Methods: A Data Mining of the Past Decade. Digestive diseases and sciences 2025. link 14 Gardner JD, Triadafilopoulos G. Exploratory analyses of meal-induced heartburn identify distinct clinical phenotypes of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Physiological reports 2025. link 15 Kang N, Kang MG, Lee SE, Kang SY, Jo EJ, Lee JH et al.. Efficacy and Safety of Fexuprazan Versus Esomeprazole for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease-Related Chronic Cough: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Active-Controlled Exploratory Trial. Lung 2025. link 16 Vittori A, Senzani F, Latorre-Rodríguez AR, Siboni S, Sozzi M, Salvador R et al.. Manometric Parameters of Esophagogastric Junction Competence: A Systematic Literature Review. Neurogastroenterology and motility 2025. link 17 Lei WY, Wang JH, Gyawali CP, Yi CH, Liu TT, Hung JS et al.. Esophageal Hypervigilance and Mucosal Integrity Predict Symptom Outcomes in Reflux Patients With Normal Acid Exposure. Neurogastroenterology and motility 2025. link 18 Khubzan WD, Kaddah DO, Alkhoshiban OE, Alkhater MH, Alshahrani BA, Alhatlani RA et al.. Prevalence and risk factors of gastroesophageal reflux disease among population of Saudi Arabia: A meta-analysis. Saudi medical journal 2025. link 19 Herbella FAM, Patti MG, Katayama RC, Schlottmann F. The dichotomy "unproven versus proven GERD" is not enough to manage gastroesophageal reflux disease. American journal of surgery 2025. link 20 Marchetti L, Ribolsi M. Exploring the Complex Interplay Between Ineffective Esophageal Motility and Reflux Burden. Neurogastroenterology and motility 2025. link 21 Calabrese F, Pasta A, Bertin L, Formisano E, Siboni S, Furnari M et al.. Updated treatment options for gastroesophageal reflux disease in children: practical guide for clinicians. Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy 2025. link 22 Al Khoury A, Taheri Tanjani M, Hari B, Almadi MA, Martel M, Barkun AN. Primary and Specialty Care Trainees' Perceptions About Proton Pump Inhibitor Use. Journal of clinical gastroenterology 2025. link 23 Canto MI, Diehl DL, Parker B, Abu-Dayyeh BK, Kolb JM, Murray M et al.. Outcomes of transoral incisionless fundoplication (TIF 2.0): a prospective multicenter cohort study in academic and community gastroenterology and surgery practices (with video). Gastrointestinal endoscopy 2025. link 24 Kamionkowski S, D'Souza S, Kurin M, Fass R. The Effect of Type of Sedation or Lack of It on Wireless Esophageal pH Capsule Test Results. Neurogastroenterology and motility 2025. link 25 Lee JW, Tai CS, Chang KC, Chiu YC, Ni YH, Wu JF. The benefits of transnasal endoscopy compared to conventional endoscopy in adolescents. Journal of the Formosan Medical Association = Taiwan yi zhi 2025. link 26 De Jong RW, Andren KG, Reeves PT, Bowe SN. Arsenic in Rice: A Call to Change Feeding Substitution Practices for Pediatric Otolaryngology Patients. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2025. link 27 Juneja HT, Gambhir S, Junaidy KH. Optimizing Proton-pump Inhibitor Therapy in Patients with Comorbidities Receiving Polypharmacy Treatment: Insights from Clinical Practice in India. The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India 2025. link 28 Zhang J, An J. Updating understanding of real-world adverse events associated with omeprazole. PloS one 2025. link 29 Mosholder AD, Hada M, Leishear K. Proton-Pump Inhibitors and Cardiovascular Adverse Events: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. The American journal of gastroenterology 2025. link 30 Patel A, Laine L, Moayyedi P, Wu J. AGA Clinical Practice Update on Integrating Potassium-Competitive Acid Blockers Into Clinical Practice: Expert Review. Gastroenterology 2024. link 31 Moraes-Filho JPP, Domingues G, Chinzon D. BRAZILIAN CLINICAL GUIDELINE FOR THE THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE (BRAZILIAN FEDERATION OF GASTROENTEROLOGY, FBG). Arquivos de gastroenterologia 2024. link 32 Kanu JE, Soldera J. Treatment of . World journal of gastroenterology 2024. link 33 Simadibrata DM, Lesmana E, Fass R. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy of vonoprazan for proton pump inhibitor-resistant gastroesophageal reflux disease. Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology 2024. link 34 Lakananurak N, Pitisuttithum P, Susantitaphong P, Patcharatrakul T, Gonlachanvit S. The Efficacy of Dietary Interventions in Patients with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Intervention Studies. Nutrients 2024. link 35 Zhuang Q, Chen S, Zhou X, Jia X, Zhang M, Tan N et al.. Comparative Efficacy of P-CAB vs Proton Pump Inhibitors for Grade C/D Esophagitis: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis. The American journal of gastroenterology 2024. link 36 Laine L, Spechler S, Yadlapati R, Schnoll-Sussman F, Smith N, Leifke E et al.. Vonoprazan is Efficacious for Treatment of Heartburn in Non-erosive Reflux Disease: A Randomized Trial. Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association 2024. link 37 Yu C, Wang T, Gao Y, Jiao Y, Jiang H, Bian Y et al.. Association between physical activity and risk of gastroesophageal reflux disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of sport and health science 2024. link 38 Wang Y, Dai X, Zhang X. Network Meta-Analysis of Comparing Different Dosages of Potassium-Competitive Acid Blocker With Proton-Pump Inhibitor in Acid-Related Disorders. Clinical and translational gastroenterology 2024. link 39 Valdovinos Díaz MA, Amieva-Balmori M, Carmona-Sánchez R, Coss-Adame E, Gómez-Escudero O, González-Martínez M et al.. Good clinical practice recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease. An expert review from the Asociación Mexicana de Gastroenterología. Revista de gastroenterologia de Mexico (English) 2024. link 40 Dallavilla GG, da Silva Martins D, Peralta-Mamani M, Santiago Junior JF, Rios D, Honório HM. Prevalence of erosive tooth wear in risk group patients: systematic review. Clinical oral investigations 2024. link 41 Tan ESS, Zaman R, Memon MA, Tan CK. Effect of Fermented Soybean (FSB) Supplementation on Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD). Nutrients 2024. link 42 Yan Z, Xu Y, Li K, Liu L. Genetic correlation between smoking behavior and gastroesophageal reflux disease: insights from integrative multi-omics data. BMC genomics 2024. link 43 Shi C, ZhuoMa G, Ying L, Zhang Z, Cui L, Li R et al.. Efficacy and safety of endoscopic cardia peripheral tissue scar formation (ECSF) for the treatment of refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Medicine 2024. link 44 Davis TA, Rogers BD, Llanos-Chea A, Krasaelap A, Banks D, Ambartsumyan L et al.. Ineffective esophageal motility: Characterization and outcomes across pediatric neurogastroenterology and motility centers in the United States. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition 2024. link 45 Beaton DR, Sharp L, Lu L, Trudgill NJ, Thoufeeq M, Nicholson BD et al.. Diagnostic yield from symptomatic gastroscopy in the UK: British Society of Gastroenterology analysis using data from the National Endoscopy Database. Gut 2024. link 46 Alzahrani MA, Alqaraawi AM, Alzubide SR, Abufarhaneh E, Alkhowaiter SS, Alsulaimi M et al.. The Saudi Gastroenterology Association consensus on the clinical care pathway for the diagnosis and treatment of GERD. Saudi journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Saudi Gastroenterology Association 2024. link 47 Mohamed MR, Itani M, Abohelwa M, Ahmed MA, Abdouni L, Doumat G et al.. The silent epidemic: Inappropriate use of proton pump inhibitors among hospitalized patients. Arab journal of gastroenterology : the official publication of the Pan-Arab Association of Gastroenterology 2024. link 48 Chen JW, Vela MF, Peterson KA, Carlson DA. AGA Clinical Practice Update on the Diagnosis and Management of Extraesophageal Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: Expert Review. Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association 2023. link 49 Dutta AK, Jain A, Jearth V, Mahajan R, Panigrahi MK, Sharma V et al.. Guidelines on optimizing the use of proton pump inhibitors: PPI stewardship. Indian journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology 2023. link 50 Zdrhova L, Bitnar P, Balihar K, Kolar P, Madle K, Martinek M et al.. Breathing Exercises in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: A Systematic Review. Dysphagia 2023. link 51 Zamani M, Alizadeh-Tabari S, Chan WW, Talley NJ. Association Between Anxiety/Depression and Gastroesophageal Reflux: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. The American journal of gastroenterology 2023. link 52 Lee Y, Tahir U, Tessier L, Yang K, Hassan T, Dang J et al.. Long-term outcomes following Dor, Toupet, and Nissen fundoplication: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Surgical endoscopy 2023. link 53 Li G, Jiang N, Chendaer N, Hao Y, Zhang W, Peng C. Laparoscopic Nissen Versus Toupet Fundoplication for Short- and Long-Term Treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review. Surgical innovation 2023. link 54 Zheng X, Zhou X, Tong L, Gu W, Wang S, Yuang W et al.. Mendelian randomization study of gastroesophageal reflux disease and major depression. PloS one 2023. link 55 Liu X, Wei T, Shi L, Zhou S, Liu Y, Song W et al.. Causal relationship between gastroesophageal reflux disease, Barrett's esophagus, and epilepsy: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study. Brain and behavior 2023. link 56 Liu J, Deng C, Zhang M, Zhang Y, Hu Z, Sun M et al.. Laparoscopic fundoplication in treating refractory gastroesophageal reflux-related chronic cough: A meta-analysis. Medicine 2023. link 57 Mohr C, Ciomperlik H, Dhanani N, Olavarria OA, Hannon C, Hope W et al.. Evaluation of ICARUS Guidelines and Recommendations Not Supported by Randomized Controlled Trials. Journal of gastrointestinal surgery : official journal of the Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract 2023. link 58 Shah A, Kim MP. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in 2023: When to Operate and Current Endoscopic Options for Antireflux Therapy. Thoracic surgery clinics 2023. link 59 Bhat S, Dubey N, Gan SW, Frampton C, Stranz C, Prasad S et al.. Efficacy and safety of laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in symptomatic patients following fundoplication failure: a meta-analysis. Esophagus : official journal of the Japan Esophageal Society 2023. link 60 Hajibandeh S, Hajibandeh S, Ghassemi N, Evans D, Cheruvu CVN. Meta-analysis of Long-term De Novo Acid Reflux-Related Outcomes Following Sleeve Gastrectomy: Evidence Against the Need for Routine Postoperative Endoscopic Surveillance. Current obesity reports 2023. link 61 Witarto AP, Witarto BS, Pramudito SL, Ratri LC, Wairooy NAP, Konstantin T et al.. Risk factors and 26-years worldwide prevalence of endoscopic erosive esophagitis from 1997 to 2022: a meta-analysis. Scientific reports 2023. link 62 Smith W, Davila N. Gastroesophageal reflux disease: 2021 guideline updates and clinical pearls. The Nurse practitioner 2023. link 63 Rosen R. Gastroesophageal Reflux Treatment in Infancy Through Young Adulthood. The American journal of gastroenterology 2023. link 64 Jones MW. Simple Instrument Modification to Aid in Laparoscopic Gastric Wraps for Posterior Fundoplications. JSLS : Journal of the Society of Laparoendoscopic Surgeons 2023. link 65 Patel A, Gyawali CP. The role of magnetic sphincter augmentation in the gastroesophageal reflux disease treatment pathway: the gastroenterology perspective. Diseases of the esophagus : official journal of the International Society for Diseases of the Esophagus 2023. link 66 Howland AM. Gastroesophageal reflux disease management and chronic use of proton pump inhibitors. JAAPA : official journal of the American Academy of Physician Assistants 2023. link 67 Thapa R, Pokharel M, Paudel S, Khadka T, Sapkota P, Rana R et al.. Acid Peptic Disease among Patients with Acute Abdomen Visiting the Department of Emergency Medicine in a Tertiary Care Centre. JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association 2023. link 68 Ghamar-Shooshtari A, Rahimian Z, Poustchi H, Mohammadi Z, Mesgarpour B, Akbari M et al.. Polypharmacy and pattern of medication use among patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease: results from Pars Cohort study. BMC gastroenterology 2023. link 69 Tasci O, Kiran Tasci E. Does the use of proton pump inhibitors in children affect ventricular repolarisation parameters?. Cardiology in the young 2023. link 70 Drug VL, Antoniu S, Oana BB, Arghir OC, Bancila I, Bataga S et al.. Romanian Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of GERD-induced Respiratory Manifestations. Journal of gastrointestinal and liver diseases : JGLD 2022. link 71 Katz PO, Dunbar KB, Schnoll-Sussman FH, Greer KB, Yadlapati R, Spechler SJ. ACG Clinical Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease. The American journal of gastroenterology 2022. link 72 Yadlapati R, Gyawali CP, Pandolfino JE. AGA Clinical Practice Update on the Personalized Approach to the Evaluation and Management of GERD: Expert Review. Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association 2022. link 73 Targownik LE, Fisher DA, Saini SD. AGA Clinical Practice Update on De-Prescribing of Proton Pump Inhibitors: Expert Review. Gastroenterology 2022. link 74 Martin Z, Spry G, Hoult J, Maimone IR, Tang X, Crichton M et al.. What is the efficacy of dietary, nutraceutical, and probiotic interventions for the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms? A systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Clinical nutrition ESPEN 2022. link 75 Maneerattanaporn M, Pittayanon R, Patcharatrakul T, Bunchorntavakul C, Sirinthornpanya S, Pitisuttithum P et al.. Thailand guideline 2020 for medical management of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology 2022. link 76 Schuitenmaker JM, Kuipers T, Smout AJPM, Fockens P, Bredenoord AJ. Systematic review: Clinical effectiveness of interventions for the treatment of nocturnal gastroesophageal reflux. Neurogastroenterology and motility 2022. link 77 Plaidum S, Patcharatrakul T, Promjampa W, Gonlachanvit S. The Effect of Fermentable, Oligosaccharides, Disaccharides, Monosaccharides, and Polyols (FODMAP) Meals on Transient Lower Esophageal Relaxations (TLESR) in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) Patients with Overlapping Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS). Nutrients 2022. link 78 Yuan S, Larsson SC. Adiposity, diabetes, lifestyle factors and risk of gastroesophageal reflux disease: a Mendelian randomization study. European journal of epidemiology 2022. link 79 Gu C, Olszewski T, King KL, Vaezi MF, Niswender KD, Silver HJ. The Effects of Modifying Amount and Type of Dietary Carbohydrate on Esophageal Acid Exposure Time and Esophageal Reflux Symptoms: A Randomized Controlled Trial. The American journal of gastroenterology 2022. link 80 Fu S, Xu M, Zhou H, Wang Y, Tan Y, Liu D. Metabolic syndrome is associated with higher rate of gastroesophageal reflux disease: a meta-analysis. Neurogastroenterology and motility 2022. link 81 Briggs KB, Svetanoff WJ, Fraser JA, Aguayo P, Fraser JD, HolcombIII GW et al.. Fundoplication without esophagocrural sutures: Long-term follow-up of a randomized clinical trial. Journal of pediatric surgery 2022. link 82 Rudolph-Stringer V, Bright T, Irvine T, Thompson SK, Devitt PG, Game PA et al.. Randomized Trial of Laparoscopic Nissen Versus Anterior 180 Degree Partial Fundoplication - Late Clinical Outcomes at 15 to 20 years. Annals of surgery 2022. link 83 Everson M, Boshoven AM, Last A. A guide to GERD, H pylori infection, and Barrett esophagus. The Journal of family practice 2022. link 84 Ruiz EF, Ahsan M, Laharwal MM. The hardest pill to swallow: A freak of nature. European journal of internal medicine 2022. link 85 Świdnicka-Siergiejko AK, Marek T, Waśko-Czopnik D, Gąsiorowska A, Skrzydło-Radomańska B, Janiak M et al.. Diagnostic and therapeutic management in gastroesophageal reflux disease: consensus of the Polish Society of Gastroenterology. Polish archives of internal medicine 2022. link 86 Visaggi P, de Bortoli N, Barberio B, Savarino V, Oleas R, Rosi EM et al.. Artificial Intelligence in the Diagnosis of Upper Gastrointestinal Diseases. Journal of clinical gastroenterology 2022. link 87 Iwakiri K, Fujiwara Y, Manabe N, Ihara E, Kuribayashi S, Akiyama J et al.. Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for gastroesophageal reflux disease 2021. Journal of gastroenterology 2022. link 88 Leiman DA, Ravi K, Freedberg DE, Gyawali CP. Proton Pump Inhibitor Prescribing and Monitoring Patterns Among Gastroenterology Practitioners. Journal of clinical gastroenterology 2022. link 89 Rexwinkel R, van Berge Henegouwen VWA, Singendonk MMJ, Krishnan U, VandenPlas Y, Strisciuglio C et al.. Development of a Core Outcome Set for Children Aged 1-18 Years with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease. The Journal of pediatrics 2022. link 90 Nguyen-Soenen J, Rat C, Gaultier A, Schirr-Bonnans S, Tessier P, Fournier JP. Effectiveness of a multi-faceted intervention to deprescribe proton pump inhibitors in primary care: protocol for a population-based, pragmatic, cluster-randomized controlled trial. BMC health services research 2022. link 91 Jang E, Park M, Jeong JE, Lee JY, Kim MG. Frequently reported adverse events of rebamipide compared to other drugs for peptic ulcer and gastroesophageal reflux disease. Scientific reports 2022. link 92 Dipasquale V, Cicala G, Laganà F, Cutroneo P, Felicetti P, Potenza S et al.. Adverse reactions related to proton pump inhibitors in pediatric population: an analysis of spontaneous reporting data. Expert opinion on drug safety 2022. link 93 Lima JJ, Thomas CD, Barbarino J, Desta Z, Van Driest SL, El Rouby N et al.. Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) Guideline for CYP2C19 and Proton Pump Inhibitor Dosing. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics 2021. link 94 Zamani M, Alizadeh-Tabari S, Hasanpour AH, Eusebi LH, Ford AC. Systematic review with meta-analysis: association of Helicobacter pylori infection with gastro-oesophageal reflux and its complications. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 2021. link 95 Koyyada A. Long-term use of proton pump inhibitors as a risk factor for various adverse manifestations. Therapie 2021. link 96 King K, Sudan R, Bardaro S, Soriano I, Petrick AT, Daly SC et al.. Assessment and management of gastroesophageal reflux disease following bariatric surgery. Surgery for obesity and related diseases : official journal of the American Society for Bariatric Surgery 2021. link 97 Halland M, Bharucha AE, Crowell MD, Ravi K, Katzka DA. Effects of Diaphragmatic Breathing on the Pathophysiology and Treatment of Upright Gastroesophageal Reflux: A Randomized Controlled Trial. The American journal of gastroenterology 2021. link 98 Xi L, Zhu J, Zhang H, Muktiali M, Li Y, Wu A. The treatment efficacy of adding prokinetics to PPIs for gastroesophageal reflux disease: a meta-analysis. Esophagus : official journal of the Japan Esophageal Society 2021. link 99 Osman A, Albashir MM, Nandipati K, Walters RW, Chandra S. Esophagogastric Junction Morphology on Hill's Classification Predicts Gastroesophageal Reflux with Good Accuracy and Consistency. Digestive diseases and sciences 2021. link 100 Basnayake C, Geeraerts A, Pauwels A, Koek G, Vaezi M, Vanuytsel T et al.. Systematic review: duodenogastroesophageal (biliary) reflux prevalence, symptoms, oesophageal lesions and treatment. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 2021. link