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Gastroenterology1231 papers

Medication bezoar

Last edited: 4/23/2026

Overview

Medication bezoars are concretions of solidified medications, often occurring in patients with polypharmacy, particularly in the elderly and those with altered gastrointestinal motility or decreased fluid intake 122430.

Diagnosis

  • Presence of concretions in the gastrointestinal tract observed via imaging (e.g., X-ray, endoscopy) 1230.
  • Symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and bowel obstruction 1230.
  • History of multiple medications and potential risk factors like decreased fluid intake or altered gut motility 1224.
  • Management

  • Decongestion and Hydration: Increased fluid intake and hydration to facilitate dissolution of bezoars 1230.
  • Endoscopic Removal: Mechanical fragmentation or removal via endoscopy for accessible bezoars 1230.
  • Chenodeoxycholic Acid: Use of chenodeoxycholic acid to dissolve bezoars, particularly those composed of medications like atropine or methocarbamol 1230.
  • Dietary Modifications: Soft or liquid diets to reduce mechanical obstruction 12.
  • Special Populations

  • Elderly: Higher risk due to polypharmacy and potential for decreased gastrointestinal motility 122430.
  • Comorbidities: Patients with conditions affecting gut motility (e.g., Parkinson's disease, hypothyroidism) may be at increased risk 1224.
  • Key Recommendations

  • Identify and Address Polypharmacy: Regular medication reviews to minimize unnecessary medications and reduce bezoar formation risk (Evidence: Moderate 112).
  • Ensure Adequate Hydration: Encourage increased fluid intake to help dissolve potential bezoars (Evidence: Moderate 12).
  • Endoscopic Intervention: Consider endoscopic removal for symptomatic or obstructive bezoars (Evidence: Expert opinion 12).
  • Monitor High-Risk Patients: Closely monitor elderly and patients with motility disorders for signs of bezoar formation (Evidence: Expert opinion 1224).
  • References

    Showing 100 most recent of 377 indexed papers.

    1 Theissen A, Collomp R, Vacheron CH, Bagel S, Benhamou D, Bordes J et al.. Guidelines on Preventing Medication Errors in Anaesthesia and Intensive Care. Anaesthesia, critical care & pain medicine 2026. link 2 Gyawali R, O'Donnell M, Jenkins R, Nguyen AD, Yadav L, Saunders R et al.. 'A Joint Effort': Stakeholders' Perspectives of Medication Management Reviews in Australian Residential Aged Care. Australasian journal on ageing 2026. link 3 Khan E, Poots AJ, Jubraj B. Nursing Students' Understanding of Terms and Concepts Around Medication Review, Polypharmacy, and Deprescribing: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study. Nursing & health sciences 2026. link 4 Cross AJ, Chaudhry M, Goordeen D, Breen JL, Clark M, Daly S et al.. Development of a High-Risk Medication List for Australian Residential Aged Care: A Modified Delphi Study. Australasian journal on ageing 2026. link 5 Tchijevitch O, Birkeland S, Morsø L, Bogh SB. Understanding Medication Errors Through Patient Complaints in a Danish University Hospital. Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology 2026. link 6 Stoyanova P, Goetschi AN, Nicole S, Müller D, Meyer-Massetti C. PharmVisit: Reducing medication-related problems through an interprofessional ward round process in acute geriatric care - a quality improvement project. Swiss medical weekly 2025. link 7 Jairoun AA. Uncovering gaps and opportunities in pharmacist-led medication Reviews: Advancing medication safety and health outcomes for older adults. Research in social & administrative pharmacy : RSAP 2025. link 8 Wuyts J, Foulon V, Allemann SS, Boeni F. A systematic review of outcomes reported in studies to optimise the medication use of patients at hospital discharge. BMC health services research 2025. link 9 Goutan-Roura E, Carneiro GO, Moreira FSM, Masó-Aguado M, Moreno-Martin P, Minobes-Molina E et al.. Potentially inappropriate medication and its associated factors in older people living in nursing homes: a cross-sectional study. PeerJ 2025. link 10 Stanly EAR, Vilakkathala R, George J. Medication Non-adherence in Older Adults: Underlying Factors, Potential Interventions and Outcomes. Drugs & aging 2025. link 11 Thomas S, Fylan B, Silcock J, Jabin MSR. Medication Management Using Technology-Based Interventions in Older People at Home Care Settings: Protocol for a Scoping Review. JMIR research protocols 2025. link 12 Meyer-Massetti C, Osińska M, Welte N, Zúñiga F. Medication-related infrastructure and medication reviews in nursing homes-a rapid appraisal study. BMC health services research 2025. link 13 Apte A, Fathima F, Solanke B, Selvam S, Agarwal D, Sridhar PR et al.. Effectiveness of using manual pill organisers and pill reminder apps in improving medication adherence and health outcomes in the Indian elderly population receiving multiple medications (PORA-MEDAdhere): protocol for a 2×2 factorial randomised controlled trial. BMJ open 2025. link 14 Vasilevskis EE, Chui MA, Mai S, Kripalani S. Medication Safety in Acute Care Settings. The Medical clinics of North America 2025. link 15 Gracea RS, Suryani IR, Fontenele RC, Gaêta-Araujo H, Radi S, Elgarba BM et al.. Alveolar socket surface area as a local risk factor for MRONJ development in oncologic patients on polypharmacy. Clinical oral investigations 2025. link 16 Brannigan R, Frydenlund J, Williams DJ, Moriarty F, Wallace E, Kirke C et al.. Identifying predictors of medication-related harm in older populations: a latent class analysis approach. Age and ageing 2025. link 17 Issak MA, Mohamed ZFA, Mohammed KAA. Knowledge, attitudes, practices towards medication errors and adverse drug reactions reporting among healthcare professionals in Dongola, Sudan: a cross-sectional study. Scientific reports 2025. link 18 Chourasiya S, Patel P. A review on adverse drug reaction related to medication in health sector: an account of what we have discovered and implemented-pharmacovigilance. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 2025. link 19 Takamatsu Y, Ebara S, Kizaki H, Watabe S, Imai S, Yada S et al.. Development of an Automated Classification System for Medication-Related Incident Factors: A Practical Approach to Enhancing Patient Safety Management. Studies in health technology and informatics 2025. link 20 Saad AH, Bondok R, Sayeg F, Barnes BJ, Rukat CE, Garwood C et al.. Enhancing medication error reporting through interprofessional education: analysis of Medwatch reporting accuracy and completion rates between teams and individuals. BMC medical education 2025. link 21 Despott RA, Vella Bonanno P, Gauci C. Risk Management of Medication Errors: Improving the Quality of Pharmacotherapeutic Practice. Pharmacology research & perspectives 2025. link 22 Pera V, Kors JA, van Mulligen EM, de Wilde M, Rijnbeek PR, Verhamme KMC. Disproportionality Analysis and Characterisation of Medication Errors in EudraVigilance: Exploring Findings on Sexes and Age Groups. Drug safety 2025. link 23 Ruutiainen H, Holmström AR, Kunnola E, Kuitunen S. Use of Computerized Physician Order Entry with Clinical Decision Support to Prevent Dose Errors in Pediatric Medication Orders: A Systematic Review. Paediatric drugs 2024. link 24 Mikkelsen TH, Søndergaard J, Kjær NK, Nielsen JB, Ryg J, Kjeldsen LJ et al.. Designing a tool ensuring older patients the right medication at the right time after discharge from hospital- the first step in a participatory design process. BMC health services research 2024. link 25 Chan J, Bolitho R, Hay K, Yong F. A pre-post study of pharmacist-led medication reviews within a hospital-based residential aged care support service. The International journal of pharmacy practice 2024. link 26 Tchijevitch O, Birkeland SF, Bogh SB, Hallas J. Identifying high-risk medications and error types in Danish patient safety database using disproportionality analysis. Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety 2024. link 27 Pera V, van Vaerenbergh F, Kors JA, van Mulligen EM, Parry R, de Wilde M et al.. Descriptive analysis on disproportionate medication errors and associated patient characteristics in the Food and Drug Administration's Adverse Event Reporting System. Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety 2024. link 28 Mirosevic Skvrce N, Omrcen L, Pavicic M, Mucalo I. Root cause analysis of medication errors of the most frequently involved active substances in paediatric patients. Research in social & administrative pharmacy : RSAP 2024. link 29 Bogaerts C, Schoenmaekers N, Haems M, Storme M, De Loof H. A quality improvement study of the implementation and initial results of a pragmatic clinical decision support system in the community pharmacy setting. International journal of clinical pharmacy 2024. link 30 Friedrichson B, Jasny T, Old O, Piekarski F, Ippolito A, Raimann FJ et al.. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in cardiovascular medication poisoning. A German-wide retrospective study. Scientific reports 2024. link 31 Kelly D, Koay A, Mineva G, Volz M, McCool A, McLoughlin E et al.. A scoping review of non-professional medication practices and medication safety outcomes during public health emergencies. Public health 2023. link 32 Lu Y, Green AR, Quiles R, Taylor CO. An Automated Strategy to Calculate Medication Regimen Complexity. AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium 2023. link 33 Spinewine A, Reeve E, Thompson W. Revisiting systematic reviews on deprescribing trials to better inform future practice and research. British journal of clinical pharmacology 2023. link 34 De Las Salas R, Vaca-González C, Eslava-Schmalbach J, Torres-Espinosa C, Figueras A. Tackling potentially inappropriate prescriptions in older adults: development of deprescribing criteria by consensus from experts in Colombia, Argentina, and Spain. BMC geriatrics 2023. link 35 Quek HW, Etherton-Beer C, Page A, McLachlan AJ, Lo SY, Naganathan V et al.. Deprescribing for older people living in residential aged care facilities: Pharmacist recommendations, doctor acceptance and implementation. Archives of gerontology and geriatrics 2023. link 36 Schönenberger N, Meyer-Massetti C. Risk factors for medication-related short-term readmissions in adults - a scoping review. BMC health services research 2023. link 37 Jovevski JJ, Smith CR, Roberts JL, Dev S, Iloabuchi TC, Gruber EA et al.. Implementation of a compulsory clinical pharmacist-led medication deprescribing intervention in high-risk seniors in the emergency department. Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine 2023. link 38 Kralova K, Wilson CA, Richebourg N, D'souza J. Quality of MedDRA. Drug safety 2023. link 39 Mathis A, Spates JD, Suther S. Developing Medication Therapy Management Training for Community Health Professionals Serving Low-Income Patients. Journal of pharmacy practice 2023. link 40 Chen W, Li H, Hou X, Jia X. Gray matter alteration in medication overuse headache: a coordinates-based activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis. Brain imaging and behavior 2022. link 41 Punj E, Collins A, Agravedi N, Marriott J, Sapey E. What is the evidence that a pharmacy team working in an acute or emergency medicine department improves outcomes for patients: A systematic review. Pharmacology research & perspectives 2022. link 42 Marufu TC, Bower R, Hendron E, Manning JC. Nursing interventions to reduce medication errors in paediatrics and neonates: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of pediatric nursing 2022. link 43 Bienvenida A, Kroll C, Ruhland D, Steffenhagen A, Patterson BW, Halfpap J. Implementation and safety evaluation of autoverification for select low-risk, high-volume medications in the emergency department. American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists 2022. link 44 Duffy CC, Bass GA, Duncan J, Lyons B, O'Dea A. Medication Errors in Anesthesiology: Is It Time to Train by Example? Vignettes Can Assess Error Awareness, Assessment of Harm, Disclosure, and Reporting Practices. Journal of patient safety 2022. link 45 Armistead LT, Sanders KA, Larson CK, Busby-Whitehead J, Ferreri SP. A-TAPER: A Framework for Deprescribing Medications effectively. Research in social & administrative pharmacy : RSAP 2022. link 46 Al Mazrouei N, Ibrahim RM, Al Meslamani AZ, Mohamed Ibrahim O. A novel educational approach for improving medication-related problems in community pharmacies. Research in social & administrative pharmacy : RSAP 2022. link 47 Weir KR, Ailabouni NJ, Schneider CR, Hilmer SN, Reeve E. Consumer Attitudes Towards Deprescribing: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences 2022. link 48 Laatikainen O, Sneck S, Turpeinen M. Medication-related adverse events in health care-what have we learned? A narrative overview of the current knowledge. European journal of clinical pharmacology 2022. link 49 Preissner SH, Marchetti P, Simmaco M, Gohlke BO, Eckert A, Preissner S et al.. Man vs. machine: comparison of pharmacogenetic expert counselling with a clinical medication support system in a study with 200 genotyped patients. European journal of clinical pharmacology 2022. link 50 Schreier MM, Pitzer S, Dellinger JK, Schaffler-Schaden D, Osterbrink J, Flamm M. Evaluation of an intervention to improve the safety of medication therapy via HIT-supported interprofessional cooperation in long-term care - a mixed method study. BMC health services research 2022. link 51 Mital R, Lovegrove MC, Moro RN, Geller AI, Weidle NJ, Lind JN et al.. US emergency department visits for acute harms from over-the-counter cough and cold medications, 2017-2019. Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety 2022. link 52 González-Oria C, Belvís R, Cuadrado ML, Díaz-Insa S, Guerrero-Peral AL, Huerta M et al.. Document of revision and updating of medication overuse headache (MOH). Neurologia 2021. link 53 Smarczewski MAP, Osternack KT, Garlet QI, Oliveira CS, Mello RG. Systematic review and single-centre toxicology study identified analgesics and benzodiazepines as the main causes of paediatric medication poisoning. Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) 2021. link 54 Avalos-Mejia AM, García-Cruz JC, Escobedo de la Peña J, Garrido-Acosta O, Juárez-Cedillo T. Reduction of inappropriate prescriptions in older adults through the support of Asynchronous Geriatric Counseling Online (AGAlink): Implemented in primary care. PloS one 2021. link 55 Meyer M, Enguidanos S, Zhu Y, Likar D, Batra R. Community Medication Education, Data, & Safety (C-MEDS): Findings from a Pilot Project. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2021. link 56 Garber J, Downing D. Perceptions, Policy, and Partnerships: How Pharmacists Can Be Leaders in Reducing Overprescribing. The Senior care pharmacist 2021. link 57 Amorim WW, Passos LC, Gama RS, Souza RM, Oliveira MG. Factors associated with older patients' misunderstandings of medication dosage regimen instructions after consultation in primary care in Brazil. Journal of evaluation in clinical practice 2021. link 58 Cateau D, Ballabeni P, Niquille A. Effects of an interprofessional deprescribing intervention in Swiss nursing homes: the Individual Deprescribing Intervention (IDeI) randomised controlled trial. BMC geriatrics 2021. link 59 Nadeau ME, Henry JL, Lee TC, Bortolussi-Courval É, Goodine C, McDonald EG. Spread and scale of an electronic deprescribing software to improve health outcomes of older adults living in nursing homes: study protocol for a stepped wedge cluster randomized trial. Trials 2021. link 60 Junius-Walker U, Krause O, Thürmann P, Bernhard S, Fuchs A, Sparenberg L et al.. Drug Safety for Nursing-Home Residents-Findings of a Pragmatic, Cluster-Randomized, Controlled Intervention Trialin 44 Nursing Homes. Deutsches Arzteblatt international 2021. link 61 Fellenor J, Britten N, Courtenay M, Payne RA, Valderas J, Denholm R et al.. A multi-stakeholder approach to the co-production of the research agenda for medicines optimisation. BMC health services research 2021. link 62 Champion C, Sockolow PS, Bowles KH, Potashnik S, Yang Y, Pankok C et al.. Getting to Complete and Accurate Medication Lists During the Transition to Home Health Care. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association 2021. link 63 Green AR, Aschmann H, Boyd CM, Schoenborn N. Assessment of Patient-Preferred Language to Achieve Goal-Aligned Deprescribing in Older Adults. JAMA network open 2021. link 64 Karsan Y, Anderson C, Boyd MJ, Thornley T. Exploring barriers to the sustainability of an electronic administration system in long-term care facilities: A case study approach. Research in social & administrative pharmacy : RSAP 2021. link 65 Schepel L, Lehtonen L, Airaksinen M, Lapatto-Reiniluoto O. How to Identify Organizational High-Alert Medications. Journal of patient safety 2021. link 66 Foronda CL, Muheriwa SR, Fernandez-Burgos M, Prather S, Nersesian P. Medication Adherence of Latino Children and Caregivers: An Integrative Review. Hispanic health care international : the official journal of the National Association of Hispanic Nurses 2020. link 67 Copenhaver AM, Haver A, Pickering AJ, Campbell RJ, Wilson SA, Jarrett JB. Continuity of Specialty Pharmacy Practice: A Survey of PGY-2 Pharmacy Residency Graduates. Journal of pharmacy practice 2020. link 68 Samost-Williams A, Nanji KC. A Systems Theoretic Process Analysis of the Medication Use Process in the Operating Room. Anesthesiology 2020. link 69 Ie K, Hirose M, Sakai T, Motohashi I, Aihara M, Otsuki T et al.. Protocol of a randomised controlled trial on the efficacy of medication optimisation in elderly inpatients: medication optimisation protocol efficacy for geriatric inpatients (MPEG) trial. BMJ open 2020. link 70 Caouette S, Boss L, Lynn M. Original Research: The Relationship Between Food Insecurity and Cost-Related Medication Nonadherence in Older Adults: A Systematic Review. The American journal of nursing 2020. link 71 Turner JP, Martin P, Zhang YZ, Tannenbaum C. Patients beliefs and attitudes towards deprescribing: Can deprescribing success be predicted?. 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