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Cardiology458 papers

IgA nephropathy

Last edited: 4/23/2026

Overview

IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common primary glomerulonephritis worldwide, characterized by deposition of immunoglobulin A in the mesangial areas of the glomeruli, leading to variable clinical outcomes ranging from asymptomatic hematuria to end-stage renal disease 1 3 5.

Diagnosis

Histopathological Examination: Renal biopsy showing IgA deposition in glomeruli 1 3 6.

Clinical Features: Hematuria, proteinuria, hypertension, and renal dysfunction 1 3 5.

Oxford Classification: Subjective scoring system for renal biopsy findings to predict prognosis 11 31.

Risk Prediction Models: Utilization of machine learning and deep learning for improved prognostic accuracy 3.

Management

First-Line Treatments:

- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEi) or Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs): To control blood pressure and proteinuria 17 47. - Glucocorticoids: Short-term use for inducing remission, particularly in early disease stages 43 44.

Adjunctive Therapies:

- Mycophenolate Mofetil (MMF): For progressive disease 30. - Complement Pathway Inhibitors: - Iptacopan: Targets the alternative pathway 6 15. - Targeted Biologic Agents: - Sibeprenlimab: Inhibits APRIL, a key cytokine in IgAN pathogenesis 1 13. - Atacicept: Dual anti-B-cell Activation Factor and APRIL inhibitor 2 14. - Felzartamab: Anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody 8. - Other Agents: - Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ): Anti-proteinuric effects 19 50. - TRF-budesonide (Nefecon): Targeted-release formulation for proteinuria reduction 17 26 28. - Sparsentan: Dual endothelin and angiotensin receptor antagonist 27 29.

Special Populations

Pediatrics: IgA nephropathy and IgA vasculitis-associated nephritis require careful monitoring and tailored management 5 12.

Pregnancy: Limited data; management focuses on maternal and fetal safety, with steroids potentially used cautiously 37.

Elderly: Consideration of comorbidities and renal function when selecting treatments 1 3.

Key Recommendations

Use ACEi/ARBs for Blood Pressure Control and Proteinuria Reduction (Evidence: Strong 17 47).

Consider Short-Term Glucocorticoids for Early Disease with Significant Hematuria or Proteinuria (Evidence: Moderate 43 44).

Evaluate and Consider Targeted Biologic Agents Like Iptacopan or Sibeprenlimab for Progressive Disease (Evidence: Moderate 6 1 13).

Monitor and Manage Proteinuria Closely, Utilizing Agents Like TRF-budesonide or Sparsentan (Evidence: Moderate 17 26 28 29).

Tailor Management in Pediatric Patients Considering Disease Course and Potential for Remission (Evidence: Expert opinion 5 12).

References

Showing 100 most recent of 241 indexed papers.

1 Perkovic V, Trimarchi H, Tesar V, Lafayette R, Wong MG, Barratt J et al.. Sibeprenlimab in IgA Nephropathy - Interim Analysis of a Phase 3 Trial. The New England journal of medicine 2026. link 2 Lafayette R, Barbour SJ, Brenner RM, Campbell KN, Doan T, Eren N et al.. A Phase 3 Trial of Atacicept in Patients with IgA Nephropathy. The New England journal of medicine 2026. link 3 Xu H, Ge S. Risk prediction in IgA nephropathy: from conventional models to machine learning, deep learning, and precision nephrology. Renal failure 2026. link 4 Jin LH, Zhou Q, Huang GX, Wang YQ, Li PA, Tan L et al.. Left ventricular remodeling in IgA nephropathy: Prognostic implications and clinical correlations. European journal of internal medicine 2026. link 5 Vivarelli M, Samuel S, Coppo R, Barratt J, Bonilla-Felix M, Haffner D et al.. IPNA clinical practice recommendations for the diagnosis and management of children with IgA nephropathy and IgA vasculitis nephritis. Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) 2025. link 6 Perkovic V, Barratt J, Rovin B, Kashihara N, Maes B, Zhang H et al.. Alternative Complement Pathway Inhibition with Iptacopan in IgA Nephropathy. The New England journal of medicine 2025. link 7 Heerspink HJL, Jardine M, Kohan DE, Lafayette RA, Levin A, Liew A et al.. Atrasentan in Patients with IgA Nephropathy. The New England journal of medicine 2025. link 8 Floege J, Lafayette R, Barratt J, Schwartz B, Manser PT, Patel UD et al.. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2a study assessing the efficacy and safety of felzartamab for IgA nephropathy. Kidney international 2025. link 9 Xu L, Wu C, Li G. Prevalence and trend of biopsy-proven IgA nephropathy in China: a systematic review. Journal of nephrology 2025. link 10 Li J, Tai H, Yang B, Xu J, Zhou C, Xu J et al.. Efficacy and safety of TRF-budesonide in IgA nephropathy treatment: a meta-analysis. Journal of nephrology 2025. link 11 Toal MP, Fergie R, Quinn MP, Hill CJ, O'Neill C, Maxwell AP. Systematic review of the application of the Kidney Failure Risk Equation and Oxford classification in estimating prognosis in IgA Nephropathy. Systematic reviews 2025. link 12 Zhou L, Yang F, Han Y, Yang Y, Wu SY, Zhang Y et al.. Efficacy and Safety of Telitacicept in IgA Nephropathy and IgA Vasculitis-Associated Nephritis in Children: A Retrospective Single-Centre Study. Drug design, development and therapy 2025. link 13 Mathur M, Barratt J, Chacko B, Chan TM, Kooienga L, Oh KH et al.. A Phase 2 Trial of Sibeprenlimab in Patients with IgA Nephropathy. The New England journal of medicine 2024. link 14 Lafayette R, Barbour S, Israni R, Wei X, Eren N, Floege J et al.. A phase 2b, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of atacicept for treatment of IgA nephropathy. Kidney international 2024. link 15 Zhang H, Rizk DV, Perkovic V, Maes B, Kashihara N, Rovin B et al.. Results of a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled Phase 2 study propose iptacopan as an alternative complement pathway inhibitor for IgA nephropathy. Kidney international 2024. link 16 Tunnicliffe DJ, Reid S, Craig JC, Samuels JA, Molony DA, Strippoli GF. Non-immunosuppressive treatment for IgA nephropathy. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews 2024. link 17 Zhang H, Lafayette R, Wang B, Ying L, Zhu Z, Stone A et al.. Efficacy and Safety of Nefecon in Patients with IgA Nephropathy from Mainland China: 2-Year NefIgArd Trial Results. Kidney360 2024. link 18 Barratt J, Liew A, Yeo SC, Fernström A, Barbour SJ, Sperati CJ et al.. Phase 2 Trial of Cemdisiran in Adult Patients with IgA Nephropathy: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN 2024. link 19 Zhang Z, Liu X, Ye P, Xie C, Kong Y. Efficacy and Safety of Hydroxychloroquine in Patients with IgA Nephropathy: A Meta-Analysis. Archivos espanoles de urologia 2024. link 20 Trimarchi H, Fervenza FC, Coppo R. Points of view in nephrology: personalized management of IgA nephropathy, beyond KDIGO. Journal of nephrology 2024. link 21 Parlato B. The Journey to Advocacy: Celebrating the IgA Nephropathy Foundation's 20th Anniversary. Seminars in nephrology 2024. link 22 Nakayama T, Kaneko H, Suzuki Y, Okada A, Morita H, Fujiu K et al.. Chronic Tonsillitis and IgA Nephropathy: Findings From a Nationwide Japanese Cohort Study. American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation 2024. link 23 Joh K, Ueda H, Katayama K, Kitamura H, Watanabe K, Hotta O. Histological Correlation between Tonsillar and Glomerular Lesions in Patients with IgA Nephropathy Justifying Tonsillectomy: A Retrospective Cohort Study. International journal of molecular sciences 2024. link 24 Ueda H, Joh K, Ueda Y, Marumoto H, Okabe M, Isaka N et al.. Accelerated involution of germinal center in palatine tonsils in IgA nephropathy. PloS one 2024. link 25 Sági B, Késői I, Vas T, Csiky B, Nagy J, Kovács T. Renal and cardiovascular prognostic significance of echocardiographic early diastolic mitral annular velocity in IgA nephropathy. The international journal of cardiovascular imaging 2024. link 26 Lafayette R, Kristensen J, Stone A, Floege J, Tesař V, Trimarchi H et al.. Efficacy and safety of a targeted-release formulation of budesonide in patients with primary IgA nephropathy (NefIgArd): 2-year results from a randomised phase 3 trial. Lancet (London, England) 2023. link01554-4) 27 Rovin BH, Barratt J, Heerspink HJL, Alpers CE, Bieler S, Chae DW et al.. Efficacy and safety of sparsentan versus irbesartan in patients with IgA nephropathy (PROTECT): 2-year results from a randomised, active-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet (London, England) 2023. link02302-4) 28 Barratt J, Lafayette R, Kristensen J, Stone A, Cattran D, Floege J et al.. Results from part A of the multi-center, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled NefIgArd trial, which evaluated targeted-release formulation of budesonide for the treatment of primary immunoglobulin A nephropathy. Kidney international 2023. link 29 Heerspink HJL, Radhakrishnan J, Alpers CE, Barratt J, Bieler S, Diva U et al.. Sparsentan in patients with IgA nephropathy: a prespecified interim analysis from a randomised, double-blind, active-controlled clinical trial. Lancet (London, England) 2023. link00569-X) 30 Hou FF, Xie D, Wang J, Xu X, Yang X, Ai J et al.. Effectiveness of Mycophenolate Mofetil Among Patients With Progressive IgA Nephropathy: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA network open 2023. link 31 Howie AJ, Lalayiannis AD. Systematic Review of the Oxford Classification of IgA Nephropathy: Reproducibility and Prognostic Value. Kidney360 2023. link 32 Kiryluk K, Freedberg DE, Radhakrishnan J, Segall L, Jacobson JS, Mathur M et al.. Global Incidence of IgA Nephropathy by Race and Ethnicity: A Systematic Review. Kidney360 2023. link 33 Bai J, Wu Q, Chen J, Zheng Z, Chang J, Wang L et al.. Risk factors for recurrent IgA nephropathy after renal transplantation: A meta-analysis. Biomolecules & biomedicine 2023. link 34 Lee M, Suzuki H, Ogiwara K, Aoki R, Kato R, Nakayama M et al.. The nucleotide-sensing Toll-Like Receptor 9/Toll-Like Receptor 7 system is a potential therapeutic target for IgA nephropathy. Kidney international 2023. link 35 Farooqui N, Subbiah A, Chaturvedi P, Sati H, Singh G, Bhowmik D et al.. Association of vitamin D status with disease severity and outcome in Indian patients with IgA nephropathy. BMC nephrology 2023. link 36 Mustafar R, Nesam T, Kamaruzaman L, Mohd R, Sukor N, Safian N et al.. Serum vitamin D levels among immunoglobulin A nephropathy patients and the associated parameters. The Medical journal of Malaysia 2023. link 37 Koda N, Matsumoto K, Maruyama Y, Ishikawa N, Tsuboi N, Kawamura T et al.. A Pregnant Woman with IgA Nephropathy Showing Histological Preeclampsia Findings without Hypertension Treated with Steroids: A Case Report and Literature Review. Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) 2023. link 38 Wu D, Lei L, Zhang H, Yao X, Chen Z, Zhang N et al.. Clinical relevance of glomerular C4d deposition in children with early IgA nephropathy or Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephropathy. Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) 2023. link 39 Miguel VM, Felipe RS, Claudia ZP, Anurag S, Kira L, Marlon GR et al.. Retinal arterial occlusive vasculitis following IgA nephropathy: A case report. European journal of ophthalmology 2023. link 40 Zhong X, Ding J. Diagnosis and treatment of IgA nephropathy and IgA vasculitis nephritis in Chinese children. Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) 2023. link 41 Sági B, Vas T, Jakabfi-Csepregi R, Horváth-Szalai Z, Kőszegi T, Csiky B et al.. The Role of Two Heart Biomarkers in IgA Nephropathy. International journal of molecular sciences 2023. link 42 Han S, Shang L, Lu Y, Wang Y. Gut Microbiome Characteristics in IgA Nephropathy: Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis from Observational Studies. Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology 2022. link 43 Lv J, Wong MG, Hladunewich MA, Jha V, Hooi LS, Monaghan H et al.. Effect of Oral Methylprednisolone on Decline in Kidney Function or Kidney Failure in Patients With IgA Nephropathy: The TESTING Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA 2022. link 44 Sun J. Meta-Analysis of the Effectiveness and Safety of Glucocorticoid for the Treatment of IgA Kidney Disease. Journal of healthcare engineering 2022. link 45 Wang RX, Liao BQ, Chen W, Zhang YM, Tang XH, Xie FH. A meta-analysis of effects and safety of Tripterygium wilfordii polyglycoside in the treatment of IgA nephropathy. European review for medical and pharmacological sciences 2022. link 46 Zhao J, Bai M, Ning X, Qin Y, Wang Y, Yu Z et al.. Expansion of . Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN 2022. link 47 Vaz de Castro PAS, Bitencourt L, Pereira BWS, Lima AQR, Hermida HS, Moreira Neto CR et al.. Efficacy and safety of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers for IgA nephropathy in children. Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) 2022. link 48 Hsu CY, Hsu RK. In IgA nephropathy, oral methylprednisolone reduced adverse kidney outcomes but increased adverse events. Annals of internal medicine 2022. link 49 Inker LA, Heerspink HJL, Tighiouart H, Chaudhari J, Miao S, Diva U et al.. Association of Treatment Effects on Early Change in Urine Protein and Treatment Effects on GFR Slope in IgA Nephropathy: An Individual Participant Meta-analysis. American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation 2021. link 50 Stefan G, Mircescu G. Hydroxychloroquine in IgA nephropathy: a systematic review. Renal failure 2021. link 51 Xu Y, He Y, Hu H, Xu R, Liao Y, Dong X et al.. The increased miRNA-150-5p expression of the tonsil tissue in patients with IgA nephropathy may be related to the pathogenesis of disease. International immunopharmacology 2021. link 52 Nagasawa Y, Nomura R, Misaki T, Ito S, Naka S, Wato K et al.. Relationship between IgA Nephropathy and . International journal of molecular sciences 2021. link 53 Rajasekaran A, Julian BA, Rizk DV. IgA Nephropathy: An Interesting Autoimmune Kidney Disease. The American journal of the medical sciences 2021. link 54 Escudero-Fernandez JM, Bolufer Cardona M, Perez Lafuente M, Montealegre C, Uriarte I, Serres-Créixams X. Active bleeding after kidney biopsy: Successful ultrasound-guided direct thrombin embolization into the cortical fistula. Journal of clinical ultrasound : JCU 2021. link 55 Zhu A, Yang X, Bai L, Hou Y, Guo C, Zhao D et al.. Analysis of microbial changes in the tonsillar formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue of Chinese patients with IgA nephropathy. Pathology, research and practice 2020. link 56 Ivanova M, Dyadyk O, Ivanov D, Clerici F, Smith A, Magni F. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging to uncover protein alterations associated with the progression of IgA nephropathy. Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology 2020. link 57 Hao W, Ao L, Zhang C, Zhu L, Xie D. IgA nephropathy suspected to be combined with Fabry disease or Alport syndrome: a case report. The Journal of international medical research 2020. link 58 Trimarchi H, Barratt J, Monteiro RC, Feehally J. IgA nephropathy: "State of the art": a report from the 15th International Symposium on IgA Nephropathy celebrating the 50th anniversary of its first description. Kidney international 2019. link 59 Ito S, Misaki T, Naka S, Wato K, Nagasawa Y, Nomura R et al.. Specific strains of Streptococcus mutans, a pathogen of dental caries, in the tonsils, are associated with IgA nephropathy. Scientific reports 2019. link 60 Floege J. IgA nephropathy: toward more specific diagnosis (and rescue of snails). Kidney international 2018. link 61 Schena FP, Nistor I. Epidemiology of IgA Nephropathy: A Global Perspective. Seminars in nephrology 2018. link 62 Ohori J, Jimura T, Kurono Y. The role of phosphorylcholine-specific immune responses in the tonsils and peripheral blood on IgA nephropathy. Acta oto-laryngologica 2018. link 63 Gan L, Zhu M, Li X, Chen C, Meng T, Pu J et al.. Tonsillitis exacerbates renal injury in IgA nephropathy through promoting Th22 cells chemotaxis. International urology and nephrology 2018. link 64 Adachi M, Sato M, Miyazaki M, Hotta O, Hozawa K, Sato T et al.. Steroid pulse therapy transiently destroys the discriminative histological structure of tonsils in IgA nephropathy: Tonsillectomy should be performed before or just after steroid pulse therapy. Auris, nasus, larynx 2018. link 65 Floege J. Mucosal corticosteroid therapy of IgA nephropathy. Kidney international 2017. link 66 Watanabe H, Goto S, Mori H, Higashi K, Hosomichi K, Aizawa N et al.. Comprehensive microbiome analysis of tonsillar crypts in IgA nephropathy. Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association 2017. link 67 Soares MF. An update on pathology of IgA nephropathy. Jornal brasileiro de nefrologia 2016. link 68 Floege J. Prognostic assessment of IgA nephropathy: how much does histology add?. Kidney international 2016. link 69 Feriozzi S, Polci R. The role of tonsillectomy in IgA nephropathy. Journal of nephrology 2016. link 70 Kamei K, Ogura M, Sato M, Ito S, Ishikura K. Evolution of IgA nephropathy into anaphylactoid purpura in six cases--further evidence that IgA nephropathy and Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis share common pathogenesis. Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) 2016. link 71 Tanaka S, Ninomiya T, Katafuchi R, Masutani K, Nagata M, Tsuchimoto A et al.. The effect of renin-angiotensin system blockade on the incidence of end-stage renal disease in IgA nephropathy. Clinical and experimental nephrology 2016. link 72 Komatsu H, Fujimoto S, Yoshikawa N, Kitamura H, Sugiyama H, Yokoyama H. Clinical manifestations of Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis and IgA nephropathy: comparative analysis of data from the Japan Renal Biopsy Registry (J-RBR). Clinical and experimental nephrology 2016. link 73 Kaneko T, Mii A, Fukui M, Nagahama K, Shimizu A, Tsuruoka S. IgA nephropathy and psoriatic arthritis that improved with steroid pulse therapy and mizoribine in combination with treatment for chronic tonsillitis and epipharyngitis. Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) 2015. link 74 Iwatani H, Nagasawa Y, Yamamoto R, Iio K, Mizui M, Horii A et al.. CD16+CD56+ cells are a potential culprit for hematuria in IgA nephropathy. Clinical and experimental nephrology 2015. link 75 Chen X, Liu H, Peng Y, He L, Zhang Y, Xie Y et al.. Expression and correlation analysis of IL-4, IFN-γ and FcαRI in tonsillar mononuclear cells in patients with IgA nephropathy. Cellular immunology 2014. link 76 Liu Y, Liu H, Tu X, Peng Y, Liu F, Zhang F et al.. Study of tonsillectomy for IgA nephropathy patients: short- and longer-term observation. International urology and nephrology 2014. link 77 He L, Peng Y, Liu H, Yin W, Chen X, Peng X et al.. Th1/Th2 polarization in tonsillar lymphocyte form patients with IgA nephropathy. Renal failure 2014. link 78 Huang H, Sun W, Liang Y, Peng Y, Long XD, Liu Z et al.. Comparative study of bacterial strains and antibiotic susceptibility tests between chronic tonsillitis patients with IgA nephropathy and without nephritis. Renal failure 2013. link 79 Tang Y, Peng Y, Yang S, Liu H, Wu G, Liu F. Effect of tonsillar mononuclear cell supernatants in patients with IgA nephropathy on renal tubular epithelial cells. Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] 2013. link 80 World MJ. Military nephrology: a review of cases 1985-2011. Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps 2012. link 81 Maixnerova D, Bauerova L, Skibova J, Rysava R, Reiterova J, Merta M et al.. The retrospective analysis of 343 Czech patients with IgA nephropathy--one centre experience. Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association 2012. link 82 Le W, Liang S, Hu Y, Deng K, Bao H, Zeng C et al.. Long-term renal survival and related risk factors in patients with IgA nephropathy: results from a cohort of 1155 cases in a Chinese adult population. Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association 2012. link 83 Yamamoto R, Nagasawa Y, Shoji T, Katakami N, Ohtoshi K, Hayaishi-Okano R et al.. A candidate gene approach to genetic contributors to the development of IgA nephropathy. Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association 2012. link 84 Shinzawa M, Yamamoto R, Nagasawa Y, Shoji T, Obi Y, Namba T et al.. Gene polymorphisms contributing to hypertension in immunoglobulin A nephropathy. Clinical and experimental nephrology 2012. link 85 El Karoui K, Hill GS, Karras A, Jacquot C, Moulonguet L, Kourilsky O et al.. A clinicopathologic study of thrombotic microangiopathy in IgA nephropathy. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN 2012. link 86 Cozzani E, Cinotti E, Ameri P, Sofia A, Murialdo G, Parodi A. Onset of cutaneous vasculitis and exacerbation of IgA nephropathy after Bartonella henselae infection. Clinical and experimental dermatology 2012. link 87 Mubarak M. IgA nephropathy: an update on pathogenesis and classification. Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP 2011. link 88 Azevedo DC, Ferreira GA, Carvalho MA. IgA nephropathy in spondyloarthritis. Revista brasileira de reumatologia 2011. link 89 Mubarak M. The Oxford classification of IgA nephropathy: a role model for classifying other renal diseases. Saudi journal of kidney diseases and transplantation : an official publication of the Saudi Center for Organ Transplantation, Saudi Arabia 2011. link 90 Akagi H, Doi A, Kosaka M, Hattori K, Kariya S, Fukushima K et al.. Indication criteria for tonsillectomy in IgA nephropathy patients. Advances in oto-rhino-laryngology 2011. link 91 Liu H, Peng Y, Liu F, Xiao W, Zhang Y, Li W. Expression of IgA class switching gene in tonsillar mononuclear cells in patients with IgA nephropathy. Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] 2011. link 92 Suzuki Y, Suzuki H, Nakata J, Sato D, Kajiyama T, Watanabe T et al.. Pathological role of tonsillar B cells in IgA nephropathy. Clinical & developmental immunology 2011. link 93 Iwatani H, Iio K, Nagasawa Y, Yamamoto R, Horii A, Okuzaki D et al.. Microarray analysis of tonsils of IgA nephropathy patients. Advances in oto-rhino-laryngology 2011. link 94 Brabcova I, Tesar V, Honsova E, Lodererova A, Novotna E, Maixnerova D et al.. Association of advanced vasculopathy and transforming growth factor-beta1 gene expression with immunoglobulin A nephropathy progression. Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association 2011. link 95 Schmitt R, Krmar RT, Kristoffersson A, Söderberg M, Karpman D. IgA nephropathy associated with a novel N-terminal mutation in factor H. European journal of pediatrics 2011. link 96 Huang H, Peng Y, Liu H, Yang X, Liu F. Decreased CD4+CD25+ cells and increased dimeric IgA-producing cells in tonsils in IgA nephropathy. Journal of nephrology 2010. link 97 Kusano K, Inokuchi A, Fujimoto K, Miyamoto H, Tokunaga O, Kuratomi Y et al.. Coccoid Helicobacter pylori exists in the palatine tonsils of patients with IgA nephropathy. Journal of gastroenterology 2010. link 98 Barratt J, Eitner F. Glomerular disease: sugars and immune complex formation in IgA nephropathy. Nature reviews. Nephrology 2009. link 99 Mariotti AJ, Agrawal R, Hotaling AJ. The role of tonsillectomy in pediatric IgA nephropathy. Archives of otolaryngology--head & neck surgery 2009. link 100 Wasilewska A, Zoch-Zwierz WM, Tenderenda E, Szynaka B. IgA nephropathy in a girl with psoriasis and seronegative arthritis. Pediatric dermatology 2008. link

Original source

[1]
Sibeprenlimab in IgA Nephropathy - Interim Analysis of a Phase 3 Trial. — Perkovic V, Trimarchi H, Tesar V, Lafayette R, Wong MG, Barratt J et al. The New England journal of medicine (2026)
[2]
A Phase 3 Trial of Atacicept in Patients with IgA Nephropathy. — Lafayette R, Barbour SJ, Brenner RM, Campbell KN, Doan T, Eren N et al. The New England journal of medicine (2026)
[3]
Risk prediction in IgA nephropathy: from conventional models to machine learning, deep learning, and precision nephrology. — Xu H, Ge S Renal failure (2026)
[4]
Left ventricular remodeling in IgA nephropathy: Prognostic implications and clinical correlations. — Jin LH, Zhou Q, Huang GX, Wang YQ, Li PA, Tan L et al. European journal of internal medicine (2026)
[5]
IPNA clinical practice recommendations for the diagnosis and management of children with IgA nephropathy and IgA vasculitis nephritis. — Vivarelli M, Samuel S, Coppo R, Barratt J, Bonilla-Felix M, Haffner D et al. Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) (2025)
[6]
Alternative Complement Pathway Inhibition with Iptacopan in IgA Nephropathy. — Perkovic V, Barratt J, Rovin B, Kashihara N, Maes B, Zhang H et al. The New England journal of medicine (2025)
[7]
Atrasentan in Patients with IgA Nephropathy. — Heerspink HJL, Jardine M, Kohan DE, Lafayette RA, Levin A, Liew A et al. The New England journal of medicine (2025)
[8]
Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2a study assessing the efficacy and safety of felzartamab for IgA nephropathy. — Floege J, Lafayette R, Barratt J, Schwartz B, Manser PT, Patel UD et al. Kidney international (2025)
[9]
Prevalence and trend of biopsy-proven IgA nephropathy in China: a systematic review. — Xu L, Wu C, Li G Journal of nephrology (2025)
[10]
Efficacy and safety of TRF-budesonide in IgA nephropathy treatment: a meta-analysis. — Li J, Tai H, Yang B, Xu J, Zhou C, Xu J et al. Journal of nephrology (2025)
[11]
Systematic review of the application of the Kidney Failure Risk Equation and Oxford classification in estimating prognosis in IgA Nephropathy. — Toal MP, Fergie R, Quinn MP, Hill CJ, O'Neill C, Maxwell AP Systematic reviews (2025)
[12]
Efficacy and Safety of Telitacicept in IgA Nephropathy and IgA Vasculitis-Associated Nephritis in Children: A Retrospective Single-Centre Study. — Zhou L, Yang F, Han Y, Yang Y, Wu SY, Zhang Y et al. Drug design, development and therapy (2025)
[13]
A Phase 2 Trial of Sibeprenlimab in Patients with IgA Nephropathy. — Mathur M, Barratt J, Chacko B, Chan TM, Kooienga L, Oh KH et al. The New England journal of medicine (2024)
[14]
A phase 2b, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of atacicept for treatment of IgA nephropathy. — Lafayette R, Barbour S, Israni R, Wei X, Eren N, Floege J et al. Kidney international (2024)
[15]
Results of a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled Phase 2 study propose iptacopan as an alternative complement pathway inhibitor for IgA nephropathy. — Zhang H, Rizk DV, Perkovic V, Maes B, Kashihara N, Rovin B et al. Kidney international (2024)
[16]
Non-immunosuppressive treatment for IgA nephropathy. — Tunnicliffe DJ, Reid S, Craig JC, Samuels JA, Molony DA, Strippoli GF The Cochrane database of systematic reviews (2024)
[17]
Efficacy and Safety of Nefecon in Patients with IgA Nephropathy from Mainland China: 2-Year NefIgArd Trial Results. — Zhang H, Lafayette R, Wang B, Ying L, Zhu Z, Stone A et al. Kidney360 (2024)
[18]
Phase 2 Trial of Cemdisiran in Adult Patients with IgA Nephropathy: A Randomized Controlled Trial. — Barratt J, Liew A, Yeo SC, Fernström A, Barbour SJ, Sperati CJ et al. Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN (2024)
[19]
Efficacy and Safety of Hydroxychloroquine in Patients with IgA Nephropathy: A Meta-Analysis. — Zhang Z, Liu X, Ye P, Xie C, Kong Y Archivos espanoles de urologia (2024)
[20]
Points of view in nephrology: personalized management of IgA nephropathy, beyond KDIGO. — Trimarchi H, Fervenza FC, Coppo R Journal of nephrology (2024)
[21]
The Journey to Advocacy: Celebrating the IgA Nephropathy Foundation's 20th Anniversary. — Parlato B Seminars in nephrology (2024)
[22]
Chronic Tonsillitis and IgA Nephropathy: Findings From a Nationwide Japanese Cohort Study. — Nakayama T, Kaneko H, Suzuki Y, Okada A, Morita H, Fujiu K et al. American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation (2024)
[23]
Histological Correlation between Tonsillar and Glomerular Lesions in Patients with IgA Nephropathy Justifying Tonsillectomy: A Retrospective Cohort Study. — Joh K, Ueda H, Katayama K, Kitamura H, Watanabe K, Hotta O International journal of molecular sciences (2024)
[24]
Accelerated involution of germinal center in palatine tonsils in IgA nephropathy. — Ueda H, Joh K, Ueda Y, Marumoto H, Okabe M, Isaka N et al. PloS one (2024)
[25]
Renal and cardiovascular prognostic significance of echocardiographic early diastolic mitral annular velocity in IgA nephropathy. — Sági B, Késői I, Vas T, Csiky B, Nagy J, Kovács T The international journal of cardiovascular imaging (2024)
[26]
Efficacy and safety of a targeted-release formulation of budesonide in patients with primary IgA nephropathy (NefIgArd): 2-year results from a randomised phase 3 trial. — Lafayette R, Kristensen J, Stone A, Floege J, Tesař V, Trimarchi H et al. Lancet (London, England) (2023)
[27]
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