Overview
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder affecting approximately 10% of reproductive-age women, characterized by hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction, and polycystic ovaries, often accompanied by metabolic and reproductive abnormalities 1644.Diagnosis
Management
Special Populations
Key Recommendations
References
Showing 100 most recent of 403 indexed papers.
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Clinical endocrinology 2026. link 6 Spritzer PM, Gonzalo Salazar Santos G, Munevar Vega ML, Chedraui P, Pilnik S, Camero Lascano A et al.. Evaluation of the evidence-based practices for the management of PCOS in the Latin America context: the consensus of the Latin American Association of Gynecological Endocrinology (ALEG). Gynecological endocrinology : the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology 2025. link 7 Iwase A, Kitahara Y, Ishikawa H, Okada H, Katagiri Y, Kawamura K et al.. Reproductive Endocrinology Committee, Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology: Annual report 2023-2024. The journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research 2025. link 8 Facchinetti F, Gambineri A, Aimaretti G, Ferlin A, Laganà AS, Moghetti P et al.. Delphi consensus on the diagnostic criteria of polycystic ovary syndrome. Journal of endocrinological investigation 2025. link 9 Crnovrsanin Z, Slakovic M. Clinical Characteristics and Manifestations of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: a Comparative Study. Medical archives (Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina) 2025. link 10 Damoulaki E, Sioutis D, Georgiadi EP, Trakakis E, Mastorakos G, Katoulis A et al.. The Association of Glucose Metabolism Disorders and Acne in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). In vivo (Athens, Greece) 2025. link 11 Diterlizzi A, Tropea A, De Luca E, Guerriero C, Merola A, Notaristefano G et al.. Use of progestin-only drospirenone-based pills in hyperandrogenic women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 2025. link 12 Noguchi H, Iwase A, Iwasa T, Kanasaki H, Kimura F, Kugu K et al.. Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology revised diagnostic criteria for polycystic ovary syndrome: JSOG2024 criteria. The journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research 2025. link 13 Pelechá-Salvador M, Márquez-Arrico CF, Fernández-Reyes M, Perea-Galera L, Hermenejildo J, Morillas C et al.. Autophagy and mitophagy in circulating immune cells of women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A cardiovascular perspective. Free radical biology & medicine 2025. link 14 Shao S, Xu Q, Zi Y, Zheng X, Chen S, Qin C et al.. The genetic association between polycystic ovary syndrome and the risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: A Mendelian randomization study. European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology 2025. link 15 Liaghatdar A, Mazaheri-Tehrani S, Fakhrolmobasheri M. Management of Hypertension in Patients With Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Mini-Review. Cardiology in review 2025. link 16 Zhang S, Darbinian JA, Greenspan LC, Naderi S, Ramalingam ND, Lo JC. Hypertensive Blood Pressure in Adolescent Females With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. American journal of preventive medicine 2025. link 17 Berbrier DE, Coovadia Y, Malenda D, Usselman CW. Polycystic ovary syndrome potentiates blood pressure and vascular responses to the cold pressor test. Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) 2025. link 18 Bahri Khomami M, Shorakae S, Hashemi S, Harrison CL, Piltonen TT, Romualdi D et al.. Systematic review and meta-analysis of pregnancy outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Nature communications 2024. link 19 Wong W. A gut punch for PCOS. Science signaling 2024. link 20 Stener-Victorin E. Remedy hope for polycystic ovary syndrome. Science (New York, N.Y.) 2024. link 21 Moretti C, Bonomi M, Dionese P, Federici S, Fulghesu AM, Giannelli J et al.. Inositols and female reproduction disorders: a consensus statement from the working group of the Club of the Italian Society of Endocrinology (SIE)-Women's Endocrinology. Journal of endocrinological investigation 2024. link 22 Livadas S, Yildiz BO, Mastorakos G, Gambineri A, Pignatelli D, Giorgino F et al.. European survey of diagnosis and management of the polycystic ovary syndrome: full report on the ESE PCOS Special Interest Group's 2023 Questionnaire. European journal of endocrinology 2024. link 23 Ting Z, Xinghua T, Xiao X, Lingchuan L, Xiaomei W, Tao Y. The impact of androgen levels on serum metabolic profiles in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Gynecological endocrinology : the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology 2024. link 24 Ben Abdessalem F, Ach T, Fetoui NG, Mraihi E, Abdelkarim AB. Characterizing clinical and hormonal profiles of acne in north African women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Archives of dermatological research 2024. link 25 Ilyas U, Rafique S. Social anxiety and psychological distress among polycystic ovarian syndrome patient's in Pakistan. JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association 2024. link 26 Sharma J, Mahat B, Tiwari S, Singh NK, Yadav R, Thapa D. Thyroid Disorders in Patients with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome in a Tertiary Care Center: An Observational study. JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association 2024. link 27 Elnagar HI, Hashem OA, Aboelwafa HO, Elhelw E, Elsaie ML. The impact of oral isotretinoin on ovarian functions of acne patients complaining of polycystic ovarian syndrome: a prospective study. Journal of ovarian research 2024. link 28 Stefanaki K, Karagiannakis DS, Peppa M, Vryonidou A, Kalantaridou S, Goulis DG et al.. Food Cravings and Obesity in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Pathophysiological and Therapeutic Considerations. Nutrients 2024. link 29 Oğuz SH, Boyraz BS, Ertürk B, Yıldız BO. The prevalence, phenotype and cardiometabolic risk of polycystic ovary syndrome in treatment-naïve transgender people assigned female at birth. Endocrine 2024. link 30 Olaniyi KS, Areloegbe SE, Fiemotongha FE. Cardiac energy depletion in a rat model of polycystic ovarian syndrome is reversed by acetate and associated with inhibitory effect of HDAC2/mTOR. European journal of pharmacology 2024. link 31 Aksun S, Sonu NC, Aygun S, Karakulak UN, Mumusoglu S, Yildiz BO. Alterations of cardiometabolic risk profile in polycystic ovary syndrome: 13 years follow-up in an unselected population. Journal of endocrinological investigation 2024. link 32 Tan W, Zhang J, Dai F, Yang D, Gu R, Tang L et al.. Insights on the NF-κB system in polycystic ovary syndrome, attractive therapeutic targets. Molecular and cellular biochemistry 2024. link 33 Hochberg A, Badeghiesh A, Baghlaf H, Tseva AT, Dahan MH. The effect of socioeconomic status on adverse obstetric and perinatal outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome-An evaluation of a population database. International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics 2024. link 34 Wartena R, Matjila M. Polycystic ovary syndrome and recurrent pregnancy loss, a review of literature. Frontiers in endocrinology 2023. link 35 Teede HJ, Tay CT, Laven JJE, Dokras A, Moran LJ, Piltonen TT et al.. Recommendations from the 2023 international evidence-based guideline for the assessment and management of polycystic ovary syndrome. European journal of endocrinology 2023. link 36 Teede HJ, Tay CT, Laven J, Dokras A, Moran LJ, Piltonen TT et al.. Recommendations from the 2023 International Evidence-based Guideline for the Assessment and Management of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Fertility and sterility 2023. link 37 Zhang FF, Qu F, Zhou J. Application of WeChat Public Account for Lifestyle Management of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP 2023. link 38 Williams T, Moore JB, Regehr J. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Common Questions and Answers. American family physician 2023. link 39 Shen LY, Fu XF, Zeng Q, Mao XW, Hong QY, Liu XJ et al.. Comparison of the efficacy of different frequency electroacupuncture in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome patients with abdominal obesity. Zhen ci yan jiu = Acupuncture research 2023. link 40 Guo Z, Jin F, Chen S, Hu P, Hao Y, Yu Q. Correlation between biochemical and clinical hyperandrogenism parameter in polycystic ovary syndrome in relation to age. BMC endocrine disorders 2023. link 41 Mumin B, Wani I, Shahbaz Q, Rasool SR, Robbani I, Hamid M et al.. Deciphering gynaecological pathologies in women with acne and alopecia: an imaging experience. African journal of reproductive health 2023. link 42 Xiong T, Fraison E, Kolibianaki E, Costello MF, Venetis C, Kostova EB. Statins for women with polycystic ovary syndrome not actively trying to conceive. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews 2023. link 43 Lejman-Larysz K, Golara A, Baranowska M, Kozłowski M, Guzik P, Szydłowska I et al.. Influence of Vitamin D on the Incidence of Metabolic Syndrome and Hormonal Balance in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Nutrients 2023. link 44 Süli A, Magyar P, Vezér M, Bányai B, Szekeres M, Sipos M et al.. Effects of Gender and Vitamin D on Vascular Reactivity of the Carotid Artery on a Testosterone-Induced PCOS Model. International journal of molecular sciences 2023. link 45 Nandi ER, Fatima P, Deeba F, Ara R, Dey S, Islam F. Association between Serum Vitamin D and Metabolic Syndrome in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Mymensingh medical journal : MMJ 2023. link 46 Dokuzeylül Güngör N, Güngör K, Celik N, Önal M, Madenli AA. Impact of body mass index and vitamin D on serum AMH levels and antral follicle count in PCOS. European review for medical and pharmacological sciences 2023. link 47 Peeva M, Badeghiesh A, Baghlaf H, Dahan MH. Adverse obstetric outcomes in women with PCOS and multiple gestations. Reproductive biomedicine online 2023. link 48 Shah D, Rasool S. Ethnicity in polycystic ovary syndrome. Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society 2023. link 49 Gao Y, Xin C, Fan H, Sun X, Wang H. Circulating apelin and chemerin levels in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: A meta-analysis. Frontiers in endocrinology 2022. link 50 Jaripur M, Ghasemi-Tehrani H, Askari G, Gholizadeh-Moghaddam M, Clark CCT, Rouhani MH. The effects of magnesium supplementation on abnormal uterine bleeding, alopecia, quality of life, and acne in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized clinical trial. Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E 2022. link 51 Kim JH, Kim O, Jung H, Pang Y, Dan H. Body mass index, menstruation, acne, and hirsutism of polycystic ovary syndrome in women: A cross-sectional study. Health care for women international 2022. link 52 Kolhe JV, Chhipa AS, Butani S, Chavda V, Patel SS. PCOS and Depression: Common Links and Potential Targets. Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) 2022. link 53 Masroor D, Khaliq SA, Ahmad SM, Fatima N. Comparative risk reduction of complications pertaining to polycystic ovarian syndrome by multiple treatment options. Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences 2022. link 54 Wilkinson LD, Brady PH, Gin GT, Rosenblum E. Female Pelvic Conditions: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. FP essentials 2022. link 55 Dong H, Wang Q, Cheng L, Wang Z, Wu X, Zhou Z et al.. Effect of Low-Frequency Electro-Acupuncture in Unmarried Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Study. Alternative therapies in health and medicine 2022. link 56 Berry S, Seidler K, Neil J. Vitamin D deficiency and female infertility: A mechanism review examining the role of vitamin D in ovulatory dysfunction as a symptom of polycystic ovary syndrome. Journal of reproductive immunology 2022. link 57 Várbíró S, Takács I, Tűű L, Nas K, Sziva RE, Hetthéssy JR et al.. Effects of Vitamin D on Fertility, Pregnancy and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome-A Review. Nutrients 2022. link 58 Alesi S, Ee C, Moran LJ, Rao V, Mousa A. Nutritional Supplements and Complementary Therapies in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) 2022. link 59 Moin ASM, Sathyapalan T, Atkin SL, Butler AE. Inflammatory Markers in Non-Obese Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Are Not Elevated and Show No Correlation with Vitamin D Metabolites. Nutrients 2022. link 60 Moin ASM, Sathyapalan T, Butler AE, Atkin SL. Classical and alternate complement factor overexpression in non-obese weight matched women with polycystic ovary syndrome does not correlate with vitamin D. Frontiers in endocrinology 2022. link 61 Białka-Kosiec A, Orszulak D, Gawlik A, Drosdzol-Cop A. The relationship between the level of vitamin D, leptin and FGF23 in girls and young women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Frontiers in endocrinology 2022. link 62 Simons PIHG, Cornelissen MEB, Valkenburg O, Onland-Moret NC, van der Schouw YT, Stehouwer CDA et al.. Causal relationship between polycystic ovary syndrome and coronary artery disease: A Mendelian randomisation study. Clinical endocrinology 2022. link 63 Kiconco S, Tay CT, Rassie KL, Azziz R, Teede HJ, Joham AE. Natural history of polycystic ovary syndrome: A systematic review of cardiometabolic outcomes from longitudinal cohort studies. Clinical endocrinology 2022. link 64 Liu Q, Wang J, Xu Q, Kong L, Wang J. A retrospective cohort study of obstetric complications and birth outcomes in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology : the journal of the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 2022. link 65 Rashid N, Nigam A, Kauser S, Prakash P, Jain SK, Wajid S. Assessment of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome in young reproductive aged women with polycystic ovarian syndrome: analogy of surrogate indices. Archives of physiology and biochemistry 2022. link 66 Ahmed B, Ammori BJ, Akhtar K, Senapati S, New JP, Syed AA. Weight loss and metabolic outcomes in women with or without polycystic ovarian syndrome after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: A case-matched study. The surgeon : journal of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons of Edinburgh and Ireland 2022. link 67 Zahid S, Khan MZ, Gowda S, Faza NN, Honigberg MC, Vaught AJ et al.. Trends, Predictors, and Outcomes of Cardiovascular Complications Associated With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome During Delivery Hospitalizations: A National Inpatient Sample Analysis (2002-2019). Journal of the American Heart Association 2022. link 68 De Jong KA, Berisha F, Naderpoor N, Appelbe A, Kotowicz MA, Cukier K et al.. Polycystic ovarian syndrome increases prevalence of concentric hypertrophy in normotensive obese women. PloS one 2022. link 69 Yen H, Chang YT, Yee FJ, Huang YC. Metformin Therapy for Acne in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. American journal of clinical dermatology 2021. link 70 Gay S. Cosmetic Endocrinology. Clinical obstetrics and gynecology 2021. link 71 Yan D, Yan-Fang W, Shi-Yang Z, Rui-Lin M, Xue-Song D, Xiao M et al.. Is polycystic ovary syndrome appropriately diagnosed by obstetricians and gynaecologists across China: a nationwide survey. Journal of ovarian research 2021. link 72 Huguelet PS, Olson E, Sass A, Bartz S, Hsu S, Cree-Green M. Application of a Standard Cross-Specialty Workup for Diagnosis and Metabolic Screening of Obese Adolescents With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine 2021. link 73 Gubbin J, Malbon K. Fifteen-minute consultation: The overweight teenage girl with acne. Archives of disease in childhood. Education and practice edition 2021. link 74 Ramezani Tehrani F, Behboudi-Gandevani S, Bidhendi Yarandi R, Saei Ghare Naz M, Carmina E. Prevalence of acne vulgaris among women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systemic review and meta-analysis. Gynecological endocrinology : the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology 2021. link 75 Tennilä J, Jääskeläinen J, Utriainen P, Voutilainen R, Häkkinen M, Auriola S et al.. PCOS Features and Steroid Profiles Among Young Adult Women with a History of Premature Adrenarche. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 2021. link 76 Hong X, Qin P, Yin J, Shi Y, Xuan Y, Chen Z et al.. Clinical Manifestations of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Associations With the Vaginal Microbiome: A Cross-Sectional Based Exploratory Study. Frontiers in endocrinology 2021. link 77 Ma R, Zou Y, Wang W, Zheng Q, Feng Y, Dong H et al.. Obesity management in polycystic ovary syndrome: disparity in knowledge between obstetrician-gynecologists and reproductive endocrinologists in China. BMC endocrine disorders 2021. link 78 Butler AE, Moin ASM, Sathyapalan T, Atkin SL. Vitamin D association with the renin angiotensin system in polycystic ovary syndrome. The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology 2021. link 79 Tarszabó R, Bányai B, Ruisanchez É, Péterffy B, Korsós-Novák Á, Lajtai K et al.. Influence of Vitamin D on the Vasoactive Effect of Estradiol in a Rat Model of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. International journal of molecular sciences 2021. link 80 Al-Bayyari N, Al-Domi H, Zayed F, Hailat R, Eaton A. Androgens and hirsutism score of overweight women with polycystic ovary syndrome improved after vitamin D treatment: A randomized placebo controlled clinical trial. Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) 2021. link 81 Wang L, Wen X, Lv S, Tian S, Jiang Y, Yang X. Effects of vitamin D supplementation on metabolic parameters of women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Gynecological endocrinology : the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology 2021. link 82 Szczuko M, Szydłowska I, Nawrocka-Rutkowska J. A Properly Balanced Reduction Diet and/or Supplementation Solve the Problem with the Deficiency of These Vitamins Soluble in Water in Patients with PCOS. Nutrients 2021. link 83 Atasayan K, Yoldemir T. The effect of PCOS status on atherosclerosis markers and cardiovascular disease risk factors in young women with vitamin D deficiency. Gynecological endocrinology : the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology 2021. link 84 Cai H, Mol BW, Gordts S, Wang H, Wang T, Li N et al.. Early and late pregnancy loss in women with polycystic ovary syndrome undergoing IVF/ICSI treatment: a retrospective cohort analysis of 21 820 pregnancies. BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology 2021. link 85 Kazemi M, Kim JY, Parry SA, Azziz R, Lujan ME. Disparities in cardio metabolic risk between Black and White women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology 2021. link 86 Abdulkhalikova D, Korošec S, Blickstein I, Tul N, Bokal EV, Ban Frangez H. Perinatal outcome of . Journal of perinatal medicine 2021. link 87 Alur-Gupta S, Boland MR, Barnhart KT, Sammel MD, Dokras A. Postpartum complications increased in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology 2021. link 88 Ding A, Guerin A, Lujan ME, Velez MP. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Incidental Diagnosis of Mosaic Turner Syndrome. Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology Canada : JOGC = Journal d'obstetrique et gynecologie du Canada : JOGC 2021. link 89 Bansal P, Sardana K, Arora P, Khurana A, Garga UC, Sharma L. A prospective study of anti-mullerian hormone and other ovarian and adrenal hormones in adult female acne. Dermatologic therapy 2020. link 90 Ding N, Yue R, Wang L, Yang H. Chinese herbal medicine on treating obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis protocol. Medicine 2020. link 91 Fraison E, Kostova E, Moran LJ, Bilal S, Ee CC, Venetis C et al.. Metformin versus the combined oral contraceptive pill for hirsutism, acne, and menstrual pattern in polycystic ovary syndrome. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews 2020. link 92 Chemerinski A, Cooney L, Shah D, Butts S, Gibson-Helm M, Dokras A. Knowledge of PCOS in physicians-in-training: identifying gaps and educational opportunities. Gynecological endocrinology : the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology 2020. link 93 Menichini D, Facchinetti F. Effects of vitamin D supplementation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a review. Gynecological endocrinology : the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology 2020. link 94 Shi XY, Yao J, Fan SM, Hong PP, Xia YG, Chen Q. Effects of vitamin D supplementation on serum lipid profile in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine 2020. link 95 Cree-Green M. Editoral commentary: Understanding cardiovascular disease risk in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Trends in cardiovascular medicine 2020. link 96 Meun C, Gunning MN, Louwers YV, Peters H, Roos-Hesselink J, Roeters van Lennep J et al.. The cardiovascular risk profile of middle-aged women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Clinical endocrinology 2020. link 97 de Herder WW. Clémentine Delait (1865-1934), the most famous bearded lady on the continent in the 20th century. Gynecological endocrinology : the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology 2020. link 98 Esmaeilinezhad Z, Barati-Boldaji R, Brett NR, de Zepetnek JOT, Bellissimo N, Babajafari S et al.. The effect of synbiotics pomegranate juice on cardiovascular risk factors in PCOS patients: a randomized, triple-blinded, controlled trial. Journal of endocrinological investigation 2020. link 99 Osibogun O, Ogunmoroti O, Michos ED. Polycystic ovary syndrome and cardiometabolic risk: Opportunities for cardiovascular disease prevention. Trends in cardiovascular medicine 2020. link 100 Gateva A, Tsakova A, Hristova J, Kamenov Z. Fibroblast growth factor 23 and 25(OH)D levels are related to abdominal obesity and cardiovascular risk in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Gynecological endocrinology : the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology 2020. link