Overview
Chilblain lupus erythematosus, often presenting as chilblains (pernio), involves painful, red-to-purple papular lesions primarily affecting the fingers and toes due to non-freezing cold exposure. It predominantly affects younger individuals and peaks during colder months 1.Diagnosis
Clinical Presentation: Painful, erythematous, or violaceous papules on acral areas (fingers, toes) 1.
Seasonal Occurrence: Common in winter months, particularly December to February 1.
Demographics: Predominantly affects children and young adults, with a notable female predominance 1.Management
Symptomatic Treatment: Protection from cold exposure (wearing gloves, socks) 1.
Topical Agents: Moisturizers and emollients to prevent dryness and cracking 1.
Anti-inflammatory Measures: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for pain and inflammation 1.Special Populations
Pediatrics: Higher incidence noted in children aged 7-20 years 1.
Elderly: Less common, with only 6 cases in the 41-65 age group observed 1.Key Recommendations
Advise Cold Protection Measures: Recommend wearing protective clothing (gloves, socks) to prevent cold exposure 1 (Evidence: Moderate).
Symptomatic Relief with NSAIDs: Use NSAIDs for managing pain and inflammation 1 (Evidence: Moderate).
Monitor and Educate: Educate patients, especially children and young adults, about seasonal risks and preventive strategies 1 (Evidence: Expert opinion).References
1 Pramanik T, Jha AK, Ghimire A. A retrospective study of cases presenting with chilblains (Perniosis) in Out Patient Department Of Dermatology, Nepal Medical College and Teaching Hospital (NMCTH). Nepal Medical College journal : NMCJ 2011. link