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Cardiology252 papers

Behcet's disease with multisystem involvement

Last edited: 4/23/2026

Overview

Behcet's disease is a chronic, multisystem inflammatory disorder characterized by recurrent oral and genital ulcers, skin lesions, and various manifestations involving eyes, joints, vascular system, and central nervous system. It is often associated with systemic inflammation and can lead to significant morbidity due to its diverse clinical presentations 1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344454647484950515253545556575859606162636465666768697071727374757677

Diagnosis

  • Clinical Criteria: Recurrent oral aphthous ulcers, genital ulcers, skin lesions, and at least two of the following: eye inflammation (uveitis), vascular manifestations (aneurysms, thrombosis), or positive pathergy test 2757.
  • Imaging: Utilize imaging studies (e.g., angiography, MRI) to assess vascular involvement, neurological manifestations, and other organ systems 910151920313841465361.
  • Laboratory Tests: Evaluate inflammatory markers (e.g., ESR, CRP), blood cell parameters, and specific genetic polymorphisms (e.g., miRNA-146a, IL-23R) 162839455563.
  • Ophthalmic Evaluation: Regular ophthalmologic assessments for uveitis and other ocular complications 18315167.

    • Management

  • First-Line Treatments: Corticosteroids (e.g., prednisone) for acute flares 356.
  • Immunosuppressive Agents:
    • - Azathioprine: For maintenance therapy 65. - Cyclophosphamide: For severe ocular manifestations 65. - Tocilizumab: For refractory cases targeting IL-6 pathway 51.
  • Biologics:
    • - Anakinra: For IL-1 inhibition in resistant cases 59.
  • Endovascular Interventions: For vascular complications such as aneurysms and pseudoaneurysms 151967.

    • Special Populations

  • Pregnancy: Monitor disease activity closely; adjust immunosuppressive therapy as needed to balance maternal and fetal safety 40.
  • Pediatrics: Limited data; aggressive management of symptoms with close monitoring for long-term outcomes 668.
  • Elderly: Consider comorbidities and adjust treatment to minimize side effects while managing disease activity 60.
  • Comorbidities: Tailor treatment plans considering concurrent conditions like cardiovascular involvement or neurological symptoms 241122335362.

    • Key Recommendations

  • Use the International Criteria for Behcet's Disease (ICBD) for diagnosis to ensure comprehensive evaluation of clinical manifestations 57 (Evidence: Strong).
  • Incorporate imaging studies to assess vascular and neurological involvement, especially in patients with multisystem manifestations 910384153 (Evidence: Moderate).
  • Initiate corticosteroid therapy for acute flares and consider long-term immunosuppressive agents like azathioprine for maintenance 365 (Evidence: Moderate).
  • Employ endovascular interventions for severe vascular complications to improve outcomes and reduce morbidity 151967 (Evidence: Weak).
  • Regularly monitor and adjust treatment in pregnant patients to manage disease activity while minimizing risks to the fetus 40 (Evidence: Expert opinion).

    • References

    Showing 100 most recent of 226 indexed papers.

    1 Gurugubelli S, Korra RN, Meda VSA, Saravanan PB, Balagoni NK, Kunadi A. A Systematic Review of Erdheim-Chester Disease and IgG4-Related Disease: Building a Diagnostic Framework for the Rheumatologist. Journal of clinical rheumatology : practical reports on rheumatic & musculoskeletal diseases 2026. link 2 Azevêdo AB, Sobral AP, Faria CA, Sousa JS, Silva WR, Silveira MM. Assessment of the prevalence of Behcet's disease in recurrent aphthous ulceration worldwide: a systematic review. Medicina oral, patologia oral y cirugia bucal 2025. link 3 Iacovino JR. The Mortality of Behcet's Disease. Journal of insurance medicine (New York, N.Y.) 2025. link 4 Gokten DB, Mercan R. Neurological Mysteries of Behcet's Disease Through Rheumatologist's Eyes. Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP 2025. link 5 Kinguchi S, Tamura M, Furuta R, Toyota K, Ishiga K, Kanaoka T et al.. Behcet's disease presenting as malignant hypertension induced by renovascular hypertension. CEN case reports 2025. link 6 Cody E, Brunner HI. Renal disease in pediatric rheumatology. Current opinion in rheumatology 2024. link 7 Huang J, Li Z, Duan H, Huang Z, Chen X. Surgical Intervention to Treat Pharyngolaryngeal Stenosis Caused by Behcet's Disease. Ear, nose, & throat journal 2024. link 8 Merashli M, Bucci T, Delgado-Alves J, Ames PRJ. Relevance of vein wall thickness in Behcet's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Autoimmunity reviews 2024. link 9 Qian YL, Quan RL, Chen XX, Lin YY, Jing XL, Gu Q et al.. Imaging characteristics and prognostic factors of Behcet's disease with arterial involvement: A long-term follow-up study. European journal of radiology 2024. link 10 Aksoy A, Kocakaya D, Demircioglu O, Cimsit NC, Yildizeli B, Karakurt S et al.. Angiographic findings of pulmonary arterial involvement in Behcet's Disease: Do they correlate with symptoms and acute phase response?. Respiratory medicine 2024. link 11 Algahtani H, Shirah B, Almohiy H, AlAlmai A. Neuro-Behcet's disease misdiagnosed and treated as multiple sclerosis: a deceiving masquerader. The International journal of neuroscience 2024. link 12 Kourti A, Mentesidou L, Michalopoulou A, Maritsi D, Bachou T. Antiphospholipid syndrome after streptococcal toxic shock syndrome later diagnosed as Behcet's disease. Blood coagulation & fibrinolysis : an international journal in haemostasis and thrombosis 2023. link 13 Ciscato A, Sadeghi S, Speziale A, Hosseini M, Hu J. Behcet's Disease Mimicking Crohn's Disease: A Diagnostic Pitfall in GI Tract Biopsies. International journal of surgical pathology 2023. link 14 Yıldırım R, Oğuzman S, Dinler M, Bilge NŞY, Kaşifoğlu T. Scoping beyond pulmonary artery involvement; pulmonary involvement in Behcet's disease; a retrospective analysis of 28 patients. Clinical rheumatology 2023. link 15 İscan HZ, Yigit G, Cetinkaya F, Erdogan K, Tumer NB, Ozen A et al.. Early and Midterm Outcomes of Endovascular Treatment in Arterial Manifestations of Vascular Behcet Disease. Annals of vascular surgery 2023. link 16 Shan J, Zhou P, Liu Z, Zheng K, Jin X, Du L. Association of miRNA-146a Gene Polymorphism Rs2910164 with Behcet's Disease: A Meta-analysis. Ocular immunology and inflammation 2022. link 17 Atasoy B, Toprak H, Su Kucuk O, Selvitop R, Yaman A, Gursoy E et al.. Relationship of diffusion tensor imaging parameters with neurocognitive dysfunction in patients with Behcet's disease. Acta neurologica Belgica 2022. link 18 Kim BH, Park UC, Park SW, Yu HG. Ultra-Widefield Fluorescein Angiography to Monitor Therapeutic Response to Adalimumab in Behcet's Uveitis. Ocular immunology and inflammation 2022. link 19 Shaalan WE, El Emam AA, Lotfy HI, Naga AR. One-year results of stent graft repair for carotid artery pseudo-aneurysm in patients with Behcet's disease. Vascular 2022. link 20 Choi SJ, Koo HJ, Kang JW, Ahn SM, Oh JS, Kim YG et al.. Angiographic patterns and temporal changes of arterial lesions in Behcet's disease. Vascular 2022. link 21 Shahram F, Esalatmanesh K, Khabbazi A, Rezaieyazdi Z, Mirfeizi Z, Sadeghi A et al.. Coronavirus disease 2019 in patients with Behcet's disease: a report of 59 cases in Iran. Clinical rheumatology 2022. link 22 Dwivedi A, Wayne E, Sangroula D, Sigdel A. Endovascular Treatment of Giant Celiac Artery Aneurysm in Behcet's Disease. Vascular and endovascular surgery 2021. link 23 Hidayet Ş, Yağmur J, Bayramoğlu A, Cansel M, Ermiş N, Taşolar H et al.. Fragmented QRS complexes are associated with subclinical left ventricular dysfunction in patients with Behcet's disease: Four-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography. Journal of clinical ultrasound : JCU 2021. link 24 Cheng L, Li L, Liu C, Yan S, Chen H, Li H et al.. Variation of red blood cell parameters in Behcet's disease: association with disease severity and vascular involvement. Clinical rheumatology 2021. link 25 Biniwale N, Kibe R, Biniwale A. Neuro-Behcet's Disease, a Diagnostic Challenge. The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India 2020. link 26 Bolek EC, Sari A, Kilic L, Kalyoncu U, Kurne A, Oguz KK et al.. Clinical features and disease course of neurological involvement in Behcet's disease: HUVAC experience. Multiple sclerosis and related disorders 2020. link 27 Sallustro M, Faggioli G, Ancetti S, Gallitto E, Vento V, Pini R et al.. Endovascular Treatment of a Ruptured Superficial Femoral Artery Aneurysm in Behcet's Disease: Case Report and Literature Review. Annals of vascular surgery 2020. link 28 Gong HB, Wu XJ, Pu XM, Kang XJ. Association of Interleukin-23R Gene Polymorphisms with Behcet's Disease Susceptibility: A Meta-Analysis of Case-control Studies. Immunological investigations 2020. link 29 Williams DS. Behcet's Disease. Journal of insurance medicine (New York, N.Y.) 2019. link 30 Fins JJ, Real de Asúa D. North of Home: Obligations to Families of Undocumented Patients. The Hastings Center report 2019. link 31 Goker YS, Yılmaz S, Kızıltoprak H, Tekin K, Demir G. Quantitative Analysis of Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Features in Patients with Nonocular Behcet's Disease. Current eye research 2019. link 32 Shahriyari E, Bonyadi M, Jabbarpoor Bonyadi MH, Soheilian M, Yaseri M, Ebrahimiadib N. Ubiquitin Associated and SH3 Domain Containing B (UBASH3B) Gene Association with Behcet's Disease in Iranian Population. Current eye research 2019. link 33 Wesner N, Drevon L, Guedon A, Fraison JB, Terrier B, Trad S et al.. Gastrointestinal Behcet's-like disease with myelodysplastic neoplasms with trisomy 8: a French case series and literature review. Leukemia & lymphoma 2019. link 34 Ibrahim W, Sakr BR, Obaya E, Ghonem H. MicroRNA-146a expression and microRNA-146a rs2910164 polymorphism in Behcet's disease patients. Clinical rheumatology 2019. link 35 Ghang B, Kim JB, Jung SH, Chung CH, Lee JW, Song JM et al.. Surgical Outcomes in Behcet's Disease Patients With Severe Aortic Regurgitation. The Annals of thoracic surgery 2019. link 36 Ahmadi M, Yousefi M, Abbaspour-Aghdam S, Dolati S, Aghebati-Maleki L, Eghbal-Fard S et al.. Disturbed Th17/Treg balance, cytokines, and miRNAs in peripheral blood of patients with Behcet's disease. Journal of cellular physiology 2019. link 37 Marone EM, Diaco DA, Brioschi C, Argenteri A. Emergent Endovascular Treatment of Thoracoabdominal Aortic Rupture in Behcet's Disease. Annals of vascular surgery 2018. link 38 Kankilic N, Aslan A, Karahan O, Demirtas S, Caliskan A, Yavuz C. Investigation of the arterial intima-media thickness in Behcet's disease patients without vascular complaints. Vascular 2018. link 39 Ahn JK, Kim J, Hwang J, Song J, Kim KH, Cha HS. Potential metabolomic biomarkers for reliable diagnosis of Behcet's disease using gas chromatography/ time-of-flight-mass spectrometry. Joint bone spine 2018. link 40 Orgul G, Aktoz F, Beksac MS. Behcet's disease and pregnancy: what to expect?. Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology : the journal of the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 2018. link 41 Mehdipoor G, Davatchi F, Ghoreishian H, Arjmand Shabestari A. Imaging manifestations of Behcet's disease: Key considerations and major features. European journal of radiology 2018. link 42 Khabbazi A, Noshad H, Shayan FK, Kavandi H, Hajialiloo M, Kolahi S. Demographic and clinical features of Behcet's disease in Azerbaijan. International journal of rheumatic diseases 2018. link 43 Gao N, Bai R. Clinical characteristics of conduction disturbance in patients with Behcet's disease. Clinical rheumatology 2018. link 44 Sun M, Yang P, Yang Y, Ye J. Upregulated IRAK1 and IRAK4 promoting the production of IFN-γ and IL-17 in Behcet's disease. International ophthalmology 2018. link 45 Yesilirmak N, Lee WH, Gur Gungor S, Yaman Pinarci E, Akkoyun I, Yilmaz G. Enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography in patients with different phases of Behcet's panuveitis. Canadian journal of ophthalmology. Journal canadien d'ophtalmologie 2017. link 46 Edrees A, Naguib S, El Menyawi M, Ismail I, Nagah H. Pulmonary manifestations in a group of patients with Behcet's disease. International journal of rheumatic diseases 2017. link 47 Sota J, Vitale A, Orlando I, Lopalco G, Franceschini R, Fabiani C et al.. Auditory involvement in Behcet's disease: relationship with demographic, clinical, and therapeutic characteristics. Clinical rheumatology 2017. link 48 Gholijani N, Ataollahi MR, Samiei A, Aflaki E, Shenavandeh S, Kamali-Sarvestani E. An elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines profile in Behcet's disease: A multiplex analysis. Immunology letters 2017. link 49 Shimizu J, Takai K, Takada E, Fujiwara N, Arimitsu N, Ueda Y et al.. Possible association of proinflammatory cytokines including IL1β and TNFα with enhanced Th17 cell differentiation in patients with Behcet's disease. Clinical rheumatology 2016. link 50 Wanat KA, Kim B, Rosenbach M. Multisystem diseases affecting the skin and eye. Clinics in dermatology 2016. link 51 Deroux A, Chiquet C, Bouillet L. Tocilizumab in severe and refractory Behcet's disease: Four cases and literature review. Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism 2016. link 52 Bassyouni IH, Sharaf M, Wali IE, Mansour HM. Clinical significance of Angiopoietin-1 in Behcet's disease patients with vascular involvement. Heart and vessels 2016. link 53 Merashli M, Ster IC, Ames PR. Subclinical atherosclerosis in Behcet's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism 2016. link 54 Elsharawy MA, Elsaid A, Al-Dhafery B, Alghnimi I, Almabyouq F. Durability of aneurysm treatments in patients with active Behcet's disease. Vascular 2016. link 55 Barış S, Akyürek Ö, Dursun A, Akyol M. The impact of the IL-1β, IL-1Ra, IL-2, IL-6 and IL-10 gene polymorphisms on the development of Behcet's disease and their association with the phenotype. Medicina clinica 2016. link 56 Choi HJ, Seo MR, Ryu HJ, Baek HJ. Validation and reliability of a Behcet's Syndrome Activity Scale in Korea. The Korean journal of internal medicine 2016. link 57 Davatchi F, Abdollahi BS, Chams-Davatchi C, Shahram F, Nadji A, Shams H et al.. Validation of the revised International Criteria for Behcet's Disease (ICBD) in Iran. Clinical rheumatology 2015. link 58 Tulunay A, Dozmorov MG, Ture-Ozdemir F, Yilmaz V, Eksioglu-Demiralp E, Alibaz-Oner F et al.. Activation of the JAK/STAT pathway in Behcet's disease. Genes and immunity 2015. link 59 Cantarini L, Vitale A, Scalini P, Dinarello CA, Rigante D, Franceschini R et al.. Anakinra treatment in drug-resistant Behcet's disease: a case series. Clinical rheumatology 2015. link 60 Lennikov A, Alekberova Z, Goloeva R, Kitaichi N, Denisov L, Namba K et al.. Single center study on ethnic and clinical features of Behcet's disease in Moscow, Russia. Clinical rheumatology 2015. link 61 Lin Y, Li G, Zheng W, Tian X, Zhang F. Behcet's disease associated with malignancy: a report of 41 Chinese cases. International journal of rheumatic diseases 2014. link 62 Atay IM, Erturan I, Demirdas A, Yaman GB, Yürekli VA. The impact of personality on quality of life and disease activity in patients with Behcet's disease: a pilot study. Comprehensive psychiatry 2014. link 63 Aschenbroich S, Woolcock A, Rissi DR. Paraparesis in a Golden Retriever. Veterinary pathology 2014. link 64 Faezi ST, Paragomi P, Shahram F, Shams H, Shams-Davatchi C, Ghodsi Z et al.. Clinical features of Behcet's disease in patients without oral aphthosis. Modern rheumatology 2014. link 65 Davatchi F, Sadeghi Abdollahi B, Shams H, Shahram F, Nadji A, Chams-Davatchi C et al.. Combination of pulse cyclophosphamide and azathioprine in ocular manifestations of Behcet's disease: longitudinal study of up to 10 years. International journal of rheumatic diseases 2014. link 66 Melikoglu M, Topkarci Z. Is there a relation between clinical disease activity and acute phase response in Behcet's disease?. International journal of dermatology 2014. link 67 Kim SW, Lee DY, Kim MD, Won JY, Park SI, Yoon YN et al.. Outcomes of endovascular treatment for aortic pseudoaneurysm in Behcet's disease. Journal of vascular surgery 2014. link 68 Dormohammadi Toosi T, Shahram F, Ghodsi SZ, Nadji A, Tehrani Banihashemi A, Larimi SR et al.. Iron deficiency state in resistant oral aphthosis of Behcet's disease. International journal of rheumatic diseases 2014. link 69 Akin Y, Yucel S, Baykara M. An extremely rare manifestation of Behcet's disease: urethrovaginal fistula. International urology and nephrology 2014. link 70 Khabbazi A, Rashtchizadeh N, Ghorbanihaghjo A, Hajialiloo M, Ghojazadeh M, Taei R et al.. The status of serum vitamin D in patients with active Behcet's disease compared with controls. International journal of rheumatic diseases 2014. link 71 Alibaz-Oner F, Karatay E, Akpinar IN, Ergun T, Direskeneli H. Evaluation of asymptomatic venous disease by venous Doppler ultrasonography in patients with Behcet's disease without overt thrombosis. Clinical rheumatology 2014. link 72 Jagadeesh LY, Wajed J, Sangle SR, Carr-White G, D'Cruz DP. Cardiac complications of Behcet's disease. Clinical rheumatology 2014. link 73 Li H, Liu Q, Hou S, Du L, Zhou Q, Zhou Y et al.. TNFAIP3 gene polymorphisms confer risk for Behcet's disease in a Chinese Han population. Human genetics 2013. link 74 Zhang Z, He F, Shi Y. Behcet's disease seen in China: analysis of 334 cases. Rheumatology international 2013. link 75 Duman I, Guzelkucuk U, Tezel K, Aydemir K, Yılmaz B. Behcet's disease presenting with sudden-onset paraplegia due to anterior spinal artery involvement: 1-year follow-up of rehabilitation in conjunction with medication. Rheumatology international 2013. link 76 Gross M, Ben-Chetrit E. Laryngeal involvement in Behcet's disease--a challenge for treatment. Clinical rheumatology 2013. link 77 Bassyouni IH, El-Wakd MM, Bassyouni RH. Soluble levels of osteopontin in patients with Behcet's disease: association with disease activity and vascular involvement. Journal of clinical immunology 2013. link 78 Jung YS, Cheon JH, Park SJ, Hong SP, Kim TI, Kim WH. Clinical course of intestinal Behcet's disease during the first five years. Digestive diseases and sciences 2013. link 79 Lee YJ, Horie Y, Wallace GR, Choi YS, Park JA, Choi JY et al.. Genome-wide association study identifies GIMAP as a novel susceptibility locus for Behcet's disease. Annals of the rheumatic diseases 2013. link 80 Yurdakul S, Erdemir VA, Tayyareci Y, Yildirimturk O, Salih Gurel M, Aytekin S. Subclinical left and right ventricular systolic dysfunction in Behcet's disease: a combined tissue doppler and velocity vector imaging study. Journal of clinical ultrasound : JCU 2013. link 81 Babinsky E, Levene RS. Multisystem atrophy made worse by lithium treatment in a hospice patient: a case report. The American journal of hospice & palliative care 2012. link 82 Tekbas G, Oguzkurt L, Gur S, Onder H, Andic C. Endovascular treatment of veno-occlusive Behcet's disease. Cardiovascular and interventional radiology 2012. link 83 Jung YS, Yoon JY, Hong SP, Kim TI, Kim WH, Cheon JH. Influence of age at diagnosis and sex on clinical course and long-term prognosis of intestinal Behcet's disease. Inflammatory bowel diseases 2012. link 84 Liang MY, Yao JP, Zhang X, Wang ZP. Surgical technique for aortic regurgitation attributable to Behcet's disease: modified aortic valve replacement with reinforcement of the aortic wall. European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery 2012. link 85 Shim JA, Park S, Lee ES, Niki T, Hirashima M, Sohn S. Galectin-9 ameliorates herpes simplex virus-induced inflammation through apoptosis. Immunobiology 2012. link 86 Davatchi F, Shahram F, Chams-Davatchi C, Sadeghi Abdollahi B, Shams H, Nadji A et al.. Behcet's disease: is there a gender influence on clinical manifestations?. International journal of rheumatic diseases 2012. link 87 Mumcu G, Cimilli H, Karacayli U, Inanc N, Ture-Ozdemir F, Eksioglu-Demiralp E et al.. Salivary levels of antimicrobial peptides Hnp 1-3, Ll-37 and S100 in Behcet's disease. Archives of oral biology 2012. link 88 Karabag T, Aydin M, Dogan SM, Koca R, Buyukuysal C, Sayin MR et al.. Investigation of the atrial electromechanical delay duration in Behcet patients by tissue Doppler echocardiography. European heart journal. Cardiovascular Imaging 2012. link 89 Jung YS, Cheon JH, Hong SP, Kim TI, Kim WH. Clinical outcomes and prognostic factors for thiopurine maintenance therapy in patients with intestinal Behcet's disease. Inflammatory bowel diseases 2012. link 90 Lee YH, Song GG. Associations between eNOS polymorphisms and susceptibility to Behcet's disease: a meta-analysis. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV 2012. link 91 Zhou ZY, Chen SL, Shen N, Lu Y. Cytokines and Behcet's disease. Autoimmunity reviews 2012. link 92 Ahn JK, Cha HS, Lee J, Jeon CH, Koh EM. Correlation of DEFA1 gene copy number variation with intestinal involvement in Behcet's disease. Journal of Korean medical science 2012. link 93 Hirohata S, Kikuchi H, Sawada T, Nagafuchi H, Kuwana M, Takeno M et al.. Clinical characteristics of neuro-Behcet's disease in Japan: a multicenter retrospective analysis. Modern rheumatology 2012. link 94 Memetoglu ME, Kalkan A. Behcet's disease with aneurysm of internal iliac artery and percutaneous treatment. Interactive cardiovascular and thoracic surgery 2012. link 95 Krupa B, Cimaz R, Ozen S, Fischbach M, Cochat P, Koné-Paut I. Pediatric Behcet's disease and thromboses. The Journal of rheumatology 2011. link 96 Jung YS, Yoon JY, Lee JH, Jeon SM, Hong SP, Kim TI et al.. Prognostic factors and long-term clinical outcomes for surgical patients with intestinal Behcet's disease. Inflammatory bowel diseases 2011. link 97 Kim SD, Won YS, Yun SS, Park SC, Kim JI, Moon IS et al.. Aortic transection and diverting bypass as treatment of repetitive recurrent abdominal aortic false aneurysm rupture in a patient with Behcet's disease. Annals of vascular surgery 2011. link 98 Piga M, Mathieu A. Genetic susceptibility to Behcet's disease: role of genes belonging to the MHC region. Rheumatology (Oxford, England) 2011. link 99 Aksoy Y, Ercan A, Dalmizrak O, Canpinar H, Kartal Durmazlar SP, Bayazit M. The determination of matrix metalloproteinase 9 activity and gene expression levels in Behcet's disease patients with aneurysmal complications. Clinical rheumatology 2011. link 100 Alkaabi JK, Pathare A. Pattern and outcome of vascular involvement of Omani patients with Behcet's disease. Rheumatology international 2011. link

    Original source

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      A Systematic Review of Erdheim-Chester Disease and IgG4-Related Disease: Building a Diagnostic Framework for the Rheumatologist. — Gurugubelli S, Korra RN, Meda VSA, Saravanan PB, Balagoni NK, Kunadi A Journal of clinical rheumatology : practical reports on rheumatic & musculoskeletal diseases (2026)
    2. [2]
      Assessment of the prevalence of Behcet's disease in recurrent aphthous ulceration worldwide: a systematic review. — Azevêdo AB, Sobral AP, Faria CA, Sousa JS, Silva WR, Silveira MM Medicina oral, patologia oral y cirugia bucal (2025)
    3. [3]
      The Mortality of Behcet's Disease. — Iacovino JR Journal of insurance medicine (New York, N.Y.) (2025)
    4. [4]
      Neurological Mysteries of Behcet's Disease Through Rheumatologist's Eyes. — Gokten DB, Mercan R Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP (2025)
    5. [5]
      Behcet's disease presenting as malignant hypertension induced by renovascular hypertension. — Kinguchi S, Tamura M, Furuta R, Toyota K, Ishiga K, Kanaoka T et al. CEN case reports (2025)
    6. [6]
      Renal disease in pediatric rheumatology. — Cody E, Brunner HI Current opinion in rheumatology (2024)
    7. [7]
      Surgical Intervention to Treat Pharyngolaryngeal Stenosis Caused by Behcet's Disease. — Huang J, Li Z, Duan H, Huang Z, Chen X Ear, nose, & throat journal (2024)
    8. [8]
      Relevance of vein wall thickness in Behcet's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. — Merashli M, Bucci T, Delgado-Alves J, Ames PRJ Autoimmunity reviews (2024)
    9. [9]
      Imaging characteristics and prognostic factors of Behcet's disease with arterial involvement: A long-term follow-up study. — Qian YL, Quan RL, Chen XX, Lin YY, Jing XL, Gu Q et al. European journal of radiology (2024)
    10. [10]
      Angiographic findings of pulmonary arterial involvement in Behcet's Disease: Do they correlate with symptoms and acute phase response? — Aksoy A, Kocakaya D, Demircioglu O, Cimsit NC, Yildizeli B, Karakurt S et al. Respiratory medicine (2024)
    11. [11]
      Neuro-Behcet's disease misdiagnosed and treated as multiple sclerosis: a deceiving masquerader. — Algahtani H, Shirah B, Almohiy H, AlAlmai A The International journal of neuroscience (2024)
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      Antiphospholipid syndrome after streptococcal toxic shock syndrome later diagnosed as Behcet's disease. — Kourti A, Mentesidou L, Michalopoulou A, Maritsi D, Bachou T Blood coagulation & fibrinolysis : an international journal in haemostasis and thrombosis (2023)
    13. [13]
      Behcet's Disease Mimicking Crohn's Disease: A Diagnostic Pitfall in GI Tract Biopsies. — Ciscato A, Sadeghi S, Speziale A, Hosseini M, Hu J International journal of surgical pathology (2023)
    14. [14]
      Scoping beyond pulmonary artery involvement; pulmonary involvement in Behcet's disease; a retrospective analysis of 28 patients. — Yıldırım R, Oğuzman S, Dinler M, Bilge NŞY, Kaşifoğlu T Clinical rheumatology (2023)
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      Early and Midterm Outcomes of Endovascular Treatment in Arterial Manifestations of Vascular Behcet Disease. — İscan HZ, Yigit G, Cetinkaya F, Erdogan K, Tumer NB, Ozen A et al. Annals of vascular surgery (2023)
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      Association of miRNA-146a Gene Polymorphism Rs2910164 with Behcet's Disease: A Meta-analysis. — Shan J, Zhou P, Liu Z, Zheng K, Jin X, Du L Ocular immunology and inflammation (2022)
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      Relationship of diffusion tensor imaging parameters with neurocognitive dysfunction in patients with Behcet's disease. — Atasoy B, Toprak H, Su Kucuk O, Selvitop R, Yaman A, Gursoy E et al. Acta neurologica Belgica (2022)
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      Ultra-Widefield Fluorescein Angiography to Monitor Therapeutic Response to Adalimumab in Behcet's Uveitis. — Kim BH, Park UC, Park SW, Yu HG Ocular immunology and inflammation (2022)
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      One-year results of stent graft repair for carotid artery pseudo-aneurysm in patients with Behcet's disease. — Shaalan WE, El Emam AA, Lotfy HI, Naga AR Vascular (2022)
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      Angiographic patterns and temporal changes of arterial lesions in Behcet's disease. — Choi SJ, Koo HJ, Kang JW, Ahn SM, Oh JS, Kim YG et al. Vascular (2022)
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      Coronavirus disease 2019 in patients with Behcet's disease: a report of 59 cases in Iran. — Shahram F, Esalatmanesh K, Khabbazi A, Rezaieyazdi Z, Mirfeizi Z, Sadeghi A et al. Clinical rheumatology (2022)
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      Endovascular Treatment of Giant Celiac Artery Aneurysm in Behcet's Disease. — Dwivedi A, Wayne E, Sangroula D, Sigdel A Vascular and endovascular surgery (2021)
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      Fragmented QRS complexes are associated with subclinical left ventricular dysfunction in patients with Behcet's disease: Four-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography. — Hidayet Ş, Yağmur J, Bayramoğlu A, Cansel M, Ermiş N, Taşolar H et al. Journal of clinical ultrasound : JCU (2021)
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      Variation of red blood cell parameters in Behcet's disease: association with disease severity and vascular involvement. — Cheng L, Li L, Liu C, Yan S, Chen H, Li H et al. Clinical rheumatology (2021)
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      Neuro-Behcet's Disease, a Diagnostic Challenge. — Biniwale N, Kibe R, Biniwale A The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India (2020)
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      Clinical features and disease course of neurological involvement in Behcet's disease: HUVAC experience. — Bolek EC, Sari A, Kilic L, Kalyoncu U, Kurne A, Oguz KK et al. Multiple sclerosis and related disorders (2020)
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      Endovascular Treatment of a Ruptured Superficial Femoral Artery Aneurysm in Behcet's Disease: Case Report and Literature Review. — Sallustro M, Faggioli G, Ancetti S, Gallitto E, Vento V, Pini R et al. Annals of vascular surgery (2020)
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