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Rhinosporidial papilloma

Last edited: 4/15/2026

Overview

Rhinosporidial papilloma is a rare benign neoplasm often associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, primarily observed in the esophagus and bladder. In the esophagus, it may arise from chronic irritation or HPV infection and can potentially progress to malignancy 1.

Diagnosis

  • Clinical presentation may include symptoms related to the affected organ (e.g., dysphagia for esophageal papilloma).
  • Endoscopic examination is crucial for identifying the papilloma.
  • Histological examination confirms the diagnosis.
  • HPV DNA analysis can identify specific viral types involved (e.g., HPV 16 in esophageal cases) 1.
  • Hematuria evaluation is essential in suspected bladder papilloma cases 2.
  • Management

  • Endoscopic resection (e.g., endoscopic mucosal resection) is indicated for definitive removal of the papilloma 1.
  • Follow-up endoscopic surveillance is recommended to monitor for recurrence or malignant transformation 1.
  • Specific antiviral treatments targeting HPV are not typically mentioned in the provided abstracts.
  • Special Populations

  • Pediatrics: Bladder papilloma can occur in young patients; thorough investigation of hematuria is critical 2.
  • Comorbidities: No specific management adjustments for comorbidities are detailed in the abstracts.
  • Key Recommendations

  • Perform endoscopic evaluation and histological confirmation for diagnosis of esophageal and bladder papillomas (Evidence: Moderate 12).
  • Consider endoscopic resection for definitive management of identified papillomas (Evidence: Moderate 1).
  • Regular endoscopic surveillance is advised post-resection to monitor for recurrence or malignant changes (Evidence: Expert opinion 1).
  • References

    1 Yamada Y, Ninomiya M, Kato T, Nagaki M, Kato M, Hatakeyama H et al.. Human papillomavirus type 16-positive esophageal papilloma at an endoscopic injection sclerotherapy site. Gastroenterology 1995. link90085-3) 2 Bruce PT. Bladder papilloma in young patients. The Medical journal of Australia 1982. link

    Original source

    1. [1]
      Human papillomavirus type 16-positive esophageal papilloma at an endoscopic injection sclerotherapy site.Yamada Y, Ninomiya M, Kato T, Nagaki M, Kato M, Hatakeyama H et al. Gastroenterology (1995)
    2. [2]
      Bladder papilloma in young patients.Bruce PT The Medical journal of Australia (1982)

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