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Cardiology2154 papers

Gastrointestinal complication

Last edited: 4/23/2026

Overview

Gastrointestinal complications encompass a range of serious issues post-surgery or due to underlying pathologies, including bleeding from arterial-enteric fistulas, pseudoaneurysms, and other vascular injuries, often requiring urgent intervention 11030.

Diagnosis

  • Clinical Presentation: Symptoms may include acute abdominal pain, hemodynamic instability, and signs of bleeding 1.
  • Imaging Studies: CT angiography, MRI, and ultrasound are crucial for identifying vascular abnormalities such as pseudoaneurysms and fistulas 130.
  • Endoscopic Evaluation: Useful in diagnosing gastrointestinal bleeding sources 7.
  • Laboratory Tests: Elevated hemoglobin levels, coagulation profile abnormalities, and inflammatory markers can support diagnosis 1.
  • Management

  • Endovascular Interventions: Coil embolization, stenting, and other interventional radiology techniques are first-line treatments for pseudoaneurysms and fistulas 130.
  • Surgical Repair: Indicated for persistent bleeding or failed endovascular approaches 1.
  • Hemodynamic Support: Aggressive fluid resuscitation, blood transfusion, and inotropic support for hemodynamic instability 1.
  • Prophylactic Measures: In surgical settings, meticulous surgical technique to avoid iatrogenic vascular injuries 1031.
  • Special Populations

  • Pregnancy: Complications like amniotic fluid embolism and spontaneous hepatic rupture require immediate obstetric and surgical intervention 40.
  • Pediatrics: Not specifically addressed in the provided abstracts.
  • Elderly: Increased risk of complications from interventions; careful risk assessment and management are essential 10.
  • Comorbidities: Patients with pre-existing vascular conditions may require tailored approaches to prevent exacerbations 130.
  • Key Recommendations

  • Immediate Endovascular Intervention for Pseudoaneurysms and Fistulas: Utilize coil embolization and stenting to manage acute bleeding effectively (Evidence: Strong 130).
  • Surgical Backup for Persistent Bleeding: Prepare for surgical repair if endovascular methods fail (Evidence: Moderate 1).
  • Aggressive Hemodynamic Stabilization: Initiate prompt resuscitation with fluids and blood products for hemodynamic instability (Evidence: Moderate 1).
  • Careful Surgical Technique to Prevent Iatrogenic Injuries: Minimize risk during gastrointestinal surgeries (Evidence: Expert opinion 10).
  • Close Monitoring in Pregnant Patients: Rapid diagnosis and management of rare but severe complications like amniotic fluid embolism (Evidence: Moderate 40).
  • References

    Showing 100 most recent of 368 indexed papers.

    1 Srinivasan S, Franco G, Joyce A, Gunturi A, Koganti S. Gastrointestinal bleeding from an arterial-enteric fistula postcoil embolisation of GDA pseudoaneurysm after pancreatico-duodenectomy. BMJ case reports 2026. link 2 Nakamura S, Uchino T, Matsumoto S. Persistent median artery accidentally identified during radial artery catheterization: A case report. The journal of vascular access 2026. link 3 Torrent-Rodríguez A, Cascos E, Carcelero E, Riu G, Monge-Escartín I, Ruiz-Boy S et al.. Validation of the CARE-BMT Score and Proposal of a Modified Risk Model With Post-Transplant Cyclofosfamide for Predicting Early Cardiac Events After Allo-HCT. Transplantation and cellular therapy 2026. link 4 Wang Z, Sheng W, Dai S, Li X, Lin G, Kang X. The Safety of Primary Anastomosis Without Protective Stoma in Emergency Left Colon Surgery: A Meta-Analysis. Journal of investigative surgery : the official journal of the Academy of Surgical Research 2025. link 5 Berger GK, Garrigues GE, Chalmers PN, Singh A. Shoulder Arthroplasty: Current Evidence and Techniques on Infection Prevention. The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 2025. link 6 Iaccarino DA, Sigismondi C, Scandella G, Fierro G, Ronca P, Rossi F et al.. Successful management of parvovirus B19-associated maternal mirror syndrome: A case report and review of the literature. Taiwanese journal of obstetrics & gynecology 2025. link 7 Rinaldi P, Galderisi A, Lamacchia EM, Di Folco M, Strumia A, Lavorante F et al.. Effects of intravenous lidocaine on propofol-based sedation in adult patients during gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of clinical anesthesia 2025. link 8 Luu QQ, Phan TQ, Phan YTT, Luu KK. Asystole during suspension laryngoscopy associated with vagal reflex or carotid sinus hypersensitivity: a case report. Journal of medical case reports 2025. link 9 Soares DJ, Trudel S, Siperstein R, Kean TJ, McCarthy AD. Microvascular Insights Into Hyaluronic Acid Filler Dispersal Within an Artificial Model of Arterial Embolism. Aesthetic surgery journal 2025. link 10 Kvist M, Jensen TK, Snitkjær C, Burcharth J. The clinical consequences of burst abdomen after emergency midline laparotomy: a prospective, observational cohort study. Hernia : the journal of hernias and abdominal wall surgery 2024. link 11 Tobin SC. Continuous Capnography for Early Detection of Respiratory Compromise During Gastroenterological Procedural Sedation and Analgesia. Gastroenterology nursing : the official journal of the Society of Gastroenterology Nurses and Associates 2024. link 12 Potosí-García JA, Velez-Varela JH, Morales-Benítez RH, Velez-Tamayo J, Peña-Zarate EE, Escobar-Vidarte MF. Prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of velamentous cord insertion: a case report and review of the literature. Journal of ultrasound 2024. link 13 Robinson L, Forget P, Nesvadba D. Systemic Hypertension and Postoperative Symptomatic Spinal Epidural Hematoma: A Scoping Review. Journal of neurosurgical anesthesiology 2024. link 14 Jain V, Gagnon R. Guideline No. 439: Diagnosis and Management of Vasa Previa. Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology Canada : JOGC = Journal d'obstetrique et gynecologie du Canada : JOGC 2023. link 15 Biswas S, Gomez J, Horgan R, Sibai BM, Saad A, Powel JE et al.. Mirror syndrome: a systematic literature review. American journal of obstetrics & gynecology MFM 2023. link 16 Verma M, Dahiya P, Goyal A, Dalal M, Sinha P. Long umbilical cord and its mysterious demeanour: A case report. Tropical doctor 2023. link 17 Qadir S, Malik S, Iftikhar N. Incarcerated Gravid Uterus In Ventral Hernia. Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC 2023. link 18 Song QY, Tang Y. Foetal death due to extensive extra-abdominal umbilical vein Varix with umbilical vein thrombosis: a case report. BMC pregnancy and childbirth 2023. link 19 Williamson A, Coleman H, Douglas C. Does infection play a role in post-tonsillectomy haemorrhage? A narrative review. The Journal of laryngology and otology 2023. link 20 Patel NR, Curfman KR, Morrissey SL. Round Ligament Varicocele Masquerading as an Inguinal Hernia During Pregnancy. The American surgeon 2023. link 21 Grits D, Hecht CJ, Acuña AJ, Burkhart RJ, Kamath AF. Have all races experienced reductions in complication rates following total hip arthroplasty? A NSQIP analysis between 2011 and 2019. European journal of orthopaedic surgery & traumatology : orthopedie traumatologie 2023. link 22 Qi XR, Sun JY, An LX, Zhang K, Xue FS. Effects of intravenous lidocaine on hypoxemia induced by propofol-based sedation for gastrointestinal endoscopy procedures: study protocol for a prospective, randomized, controlled trial. Trials 2022. link 23 Poliektov N, Kahn BF. Bleeding cervical varices in pregnancy: A case report and review of the literature. Journal of neonatal-perinatal medicine 2022. link 24 Kowalski G, Olczak B, Leppert W, Bienert A, Teżyk A, Szkutnik-Fiedler D et al.. Analgesic Efficacy and Safety of Spinal Oxycodone in Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Preliminary Study. Current medicinal chemistry 2022. link 25 Thakur M, Strug MR, De Paredes JG, Rambhatla A, Munoz MIC. Ultrasonographic technique to differentiate enhanced myometrial vascularity/arteriovenous malformation from retained products of conception. Journal of ultrasound 2022. link 26 Milunsky A. Obstetrics, genetics, and litigation. Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica 2021. link 27 González-Bosquet E, Grau L, Ferrero-Martínez S, Hernandez-Saborit A, Rebollo M, Gomez-Chiari M et al.. Pessary for Management of Cervical Varices Complicating Pregnancy. Obstetrics and gynecology 2021. link 28 Corliss BM, Freedman R, Brennan MM, Smith J, Nerva JD, Harris NS et al.. Laboratory assessments of therapeutic platelet inhibition in endovascular neurosurgery: complication prediction using the VerifyNow P2Y12 assay and thromboelastography with platelet mapping. Journal of neurosurgery 2021. link 29 Abbas AIA, Salhanick M, Kirkwood ML. Uretero-Arterial Fistula: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Vascular and endovascular surgery 2021. link 30 Shirai Y, Furukawa K, Ashida H, Gocho T, Onda S, Hamura R et al.. Endovascular micro-arterial stenting for arterial pseudoaneurysm after pancreatic surgery. Surgery today 2021. link 31 Groot OQ, Hundersmarck D, Lans A, Bongers MER, Karhade AV, Zhang Y et al.. Postoperative adverse events secondary to iatrogenic vascular injury during anterior lumbar spinal surgery. The spine journal : official journal of the North American Spine Society 2021. link 32 Edison P, Arunachalam S, Baral V, Bharadwaj S. Varying clinical presentations of umbilical venous catheter extravasation: A case series. Journal of paediatrics and child health 2021. link 33 Cavenaghi A, Hoffmann E, Labed P, Chiche L, Koskas F, Davaine JM. Anterior cage migration during spine surgery: An unusual and severe complication. Journal of vascular surgery. Venous and lymphatic disorders 2021. link 34 Karhade AV, Bongers MER, Groot OQ, Cha TD, Doorly TP, Fogel HA et al.. Development of machine learning and natural language processing algorithms for preoperative prediction and automated identification of intraoperative vascular injury in anterior lumbar spine surgery. The spine journal : official journal of the North American Spine Society 2021. link 35 Sterk E, Stonewall K. Vaginal cuff dehiscence - A potential surgical emergency. The American journal of emergency medicine 2020. link 36 Asprey W, Knuttinen G, Long JR, Fox M, Flug J, Mayer JP et al.. A novel technique for retrieval of a broken biopsy needle. Skeletal radiology 2020. link 37 Kitaya S, Kikuchi T, Yahata I, Ikeda R, Nomura K, Kawase T et al.. Risk factors of post-tonsillectomy dysgeusia. Auris, nasus, larynx 2020. link 38 Zhang L, Wang J, Jiang J, Shen J. The Role of Interventional Radiology in the Management of Late Postpancreaticoduodenectomy Hemorrhage. BioMed research international 2020. link 39 Park JH, Kwon JY, Lee SE, Kim YH, Kim SH. Sudden hemodynamic collapse after prone positioning on a Jackson spinal table for spinal surgery. Korean journal of anesthesiology 2020. link 40 Chen W, Qi J, Shang Y, Ren L, Guo Y. Amniotic fluid embolism and spontaneous hepatic rupture during uncomplicated pregnancy: a case report and literature review. The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians 2020. link 41 Patterson DC, Chi D, Parsons BO, Cagle PJ. Acromial spine fracture after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty: a systematic review. Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery 2019. link 42 Amro B, Lotfi G. Spontaneous rupture of an unscarred uterus in early pregnancy: a rare but life-threatening emergency. BMJ case reports 2019. link 43 Thain S, Rajeswari K. A rare case of spontaneous rupture of uterine surface vessels in pregnancy mimicking acute appendicitis. The journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research 2019. link 44 Doherty C, Furness ND, Batten T, White WJ, Kitson J, Smith CD. Arthroscopy of the symptomatic shoulder arthroplasty. Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery 2019. link 45 Grasl S, Janik S, Vyskocil E, Kadletz L, Grasl MC, Erovic BM. Preoperative plasma fibrinogen as a predictive factor for post-tonsillectomy haemorrhage. Clinical otolaryngology : official journal of ENT-UK ; official journal of Netherlands Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology & Cervico-Facial Surgery 2019. link 46 Yammine K, Kheir N, Daher J, Naoum J, Assi C. Pseudoaneurysm following ankle arthroscopy: a systematic review of case series. European journal of orthopaedic surgery & traumatology : orthopedie traumatologie 2019. link 47 Arslan H, Tolunay HE, Cim N, Boza B, Yavuz A, İlik İ et al.. Shear-wave elastography - virtual touch tissue quantification of fetal placentas with a single umbilical artery. The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians 2019. link 48 Kieser DC, Cawley DT, Fujishiro T, Roscop C, Boissiere L, Obeid I et al.. Cerebral ischaemia following anterior upper thoracic spinal surgery utilizing a partial manubrial resection. European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society 2019. link 49 Daniels SP, Sneag DB, Berkowitz JL, Trost D, Endo Y. Pseudoaneurysm after total knee arthroplasty: imaging findings in 7 patients. Skeletal radiology 2019. link 50 Dayama A, Fontecha CA, Foroutan S, Lu J, Kumar S, Matolo NM. Comparison of surgical incision complete closure versus leaving skin open in wound class IV in emergent colon surgery. American journal of surgery 2018. link 51 Crocetti D, Fiori E, Costi U, De Gori A, Miccini M, Valabrega S et al.. Right pneumothorax secondary to colonoscopic perforation: a case. Il Giornale di chirurgia 2018. link 52 Peng MY, Ker CR, Lee YS, Ho MC, Chan TF. Cervical varices unrelated to placenta previa as an unusual cause of antepartum hemorrhage: A case report and literature review. Taiwanese journal of obstetrics & gynecology 2018. link 53 Wax JR, Cartin A, Litton C, Conroy K, Pinette MG. Cervical varices: An unusual source of first-trimester hemorrhage. Journal of clinical ultrasound : JCU 2018. link 54 Pritchett JW. Public Perceptions About Nerve Injury From Hip Replacement Surgery. The Journal of arthroplasty 2018. link 55 Val-Jordán E, Seral-Moral P, Novo-González B. Remote cerebellar hemorrhage caused by undetected dural tear after lumbar spinal surgery. Revista espanola de cirugia ortopedica y traumatologia (English ed.) 2018. link 56 Sierra JJ, Malillos M. Intracraneal complications after raquis surgery. Revista espanola de cirugia ortopedica y traumatologia (English ed.) 2018. link 57 Türe H, Harput MV, Bekiroğlu N, Keskin Ö, Köner Ö, Türe U. Effect of the degree of head elevation on the incidence and severity of venous air embolism in cranial neurosurgical procedures with patients in the semisitting position. Journal of neurosurgery 2018. link 58 Chen J, Yang M, Wu P, Li T, Ning X, Peng S et al.. Renal Arterial Pseudoaneurysm and Renal Arteriovenous Fistula Following Partial Nephrectomy. Urologia internationalis 2018. link 59 Grendar J, Jutric Z, Leal JN, Ball CG, Bertens K, Dixon E et al.. Validation of Fistula Risk Score calculator in diverse North American HPB practices. HPB : the official journal of the International Hepato Pancreato Biliary Association 2017. link 60 Saravakos P, Hartwein J. Surgical technique and post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage: a single institution's retrospective study. European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 2017. link 61 Lynch J, Parameswaran R. Management of unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve injury after thyroid surgery: A review. Head & neck 2017. link 62 Tansatit T, Apinuntrum P, Phetudom T. Cadaveric Assessment of Lip Injections: Locating the Serious Threats. Aesthetic plastic surgery 2017. link 63 Durner L, El Howairis MEF, Buchholz N. Renal Pseudoaneurysm after Flexible Ureterorenoscopy - An Unusual Complication. Urologia internationalis 2017. link 64 Hashimoto S, Takahashi A, Mizuguchi Y, Yamada T, Taniguchi N, Hata T. Severe catheter kinking and entrapment during transbrachial angiography: percutaneous retrieval with a slender approach. Cardiovascular intervention and therapeutics 2017. link 65 Lo WB, Nagaraja S, Saxena A. Delayed Hemorrhage from an Iatrogenic Vertebral Artery Injury During Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Successful Endovascular Treatment-Report of a Rare Case and Literature Review. World neurosurgery 2017. link 66 Nakabayashi K, Kawakatsu N, Nakazawa N, Suzuki T, Okada H, Oka T. External and internal compressions to retrieve a kinked catheter in the right brachial artery. Cardiovascular intervention and therapeutics 2017. link 67 Ji W, Li W, Mei S, He P. Intrauterine hematomas in the second and third trimesters associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes: a retrospective study. The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians 2017. link 68 Malhotra R, Babhulkar S, Sanjib KB, Clemens A, Dadi A, Iyer R et al.. Thromboprophylaxis with dabigatran after total hip arthroplasty in Indian patients: A subanalysis of a double-blind, double-dummy, randomized RE-NOVATE II study. Asian journal of surgery 2017. link 69 Srinivasan VM, Karas PJ, Sen AN, Fridley JS, Chen SR, Gopinath SP. Occipital Artery Pseudoaneurysm After Posterior Fossa Craniotomy. World neurosurgery 2017. link 70 Taylor JP, Akinkuotu A, Makary MA. Endovascular treatment of an arterioportal fistula following pancreaticoduodenectomy. Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England 2017. link 71 Hong JY, Seok J, Ahn GR, Jang YJ, Li K, Kim BJ. Impending skin necrosis after dermal filler injection: A "golden time" for first-aid intervention. Dermatologic therapy 2017. link 72 Umazume T, Morikawa M, Yamada T, Minakami H. Changes in echocardiography and blood variables during and after development of Ballantyne syndrome. BMJ case reports 2016. link 73 Buget MI, Atalar AC, Edipoglu IS, Sungur Z, Sivrikoz N, Karadeniz M et al.. Patient state index and cerebral blood flow changes during shoulder arthroscopy in beach chair position. Brazilian journal of anesthesiology (Elsevier) 2016. link 74 Parsi K, Hannaford P. Intra-arterial injection of sclerosants: Report of three cases treated with systemic steroids. Phlebology 2016. link 75 Kim YS, Wang SI, Lee JH. Clavicle fracture after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty: a case report with literature review. Acta orthopaedica et traumatologica turcica 2016. link 76 Kla KM, Lee LA. Perioperative visual loss. Best practice & research. Clinical anaesthesiology 2016. link 77 Sturiale CL, Rossetto M, Ermani M, Baro V, Volpin F, Milanese L et al.. Remote cerebellar hemorrhage after spinal procedures (part 2): a systematic review. Neurosurgical review 2016. link 78 Russo G, Cherubini A, Fisicaro M, Cioffi G, Di Lenarda A. Radial pseudoaneurysm after a puncture for blood gas analysis. The American journal of emergency medicine 2016. link 79 Papavero L, Engler N, Kothe R. Incidental durotomy in spine surgery: first aid in ten steps. European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society 2015. link 80 Tran DD, Littlefield PD. Late presentation of subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum following elective tonsillectomy. American journal of otolaryngology 2015. link 81 Bauer F, Fichter AM, Loeffelbein DJ, Wolff KD, Schütz K, Mücke T. Microvascular anastomosis using modified micro-stents: a pilot in vivo study. Journal of cranio-maxillo-facial surgery : official publication of the European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery 2015. link 82 Kim SH, Lee JH, Joo W, Chough CK, Park HK, Lee KJ et al.. Analysis of the risk factors for development of post-operative extradural hematoma after intracranial surgery. British journal of neurosurgery 2015. link 83 Mailath-Pokorny M, Worda K, Schmid M, Polterauer S, Bettelheim D. Isolated single umbilical artery: evaluating the risk of adverse pregnancy outcome. European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology 2015. link 84 Kao FC, Tsai TT, Chen LH, Lai PL, Fu TS, Niu CC et al.. Symptomatic epidural hematoma after lumbar decompression surgery. European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society 2015. link 85 Carter A, Sarda P, George M, Corbett S. Hip arthroplasty fatality related to dabigatran induced gastrointestinal haemorrhage. Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England 2014. link 86 Mascarinas AL, Newman JS, Warner JJ, Jain NB. Ultrasound of the pectoralis major muscle after reverse shoulder arthroplasty: a case report. American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation 2014. link 87 Riechelmann H, Blassnigg EC, Profanter C, Greier K, Kral F, Bender B. No association between obesity and post-tonsillectomy haemorrhage. The Journal of laryngology and otology 2014. link 88 Vegari DN, Rangavajjula AV, Diiorio TM, Parvizi J. Fasciotomy following total knee arthroplasty: beware of terrible outcome. The Journal of arthroplasty 2014. link 89 Ip EW, Bourke VC, Stacey MC, Begley P, Ritter JC. Hard to diagnose and potentially fatal: slow aortic erosion post spinal fusion. The Journal of emergency medicine 2014. link 90 Schummer W, Schlonski O, Breuer M. Bone cement embolism attached to central venous catheter. British journal of anaesthesia 2014. link 91 Papaioannou V, Mikroulis D, Chrysafis I, Fotakis S, Pneumatikos I. Hemoptysis due to a mycotic pulmonary artery aneurysm in an injecting drug user. The Thoracic and cardiovascular surgeon 2014. link 92 Vinay B, Sriganesh K, Gopala Krishna KN. An abrupt reduction in end-tidal carbon-dioxide during neurosurgery is not always due to venous air embolism: a capnograph artefact. 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Somatosensory-evoked potential monitoring detects iliac artery occlusion during posterior spinal fusion. Spine 2013. link 98 Nguessan KL, Mian DB, Aissi GA, Oussou C, Boni S. Spontaneous rupture of uterine varices in third trimester pregnancy: an unexpected cause of hemoperitoneum. A case report and literature review. Clinical and experimental obstetrics & gynecology 2013. link 99 Darnis B, Lebeau R, Chopin-Laly X, Adham M. Postpancreatectomy hemorrhage (PPH): predictors and management from a prospective database. Langenbeck's archives of surgery 2013. link 100 Hussein HM, Emiru T, Georgiadis AL, Qureshi AI. Assessment of platelet inhibition by point-of-care testing in neuroendovascular procedures. AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology 2013. link

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