← Back to guidelines
Psychiatry2 papers

Severe mood disorder with psychotic features

Last edited: 4/10/2026

Overview

Severe mental disorders (SMDs), including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder, are chronic and disabling conditions with a significant societal impact 1. Currently, there are no objective diagnostic tests for these disorders, highlighting the need for reliable biomarkers 1.

Diagnosis

  • Neurofilament light chain (NfL) levels are elevated in individuals with SMDs compared to healthy controls 1.
  • NfL shows potential as a biomarker for SMDs and for distinguishing psychiatric disorders from neurodegenerative diseases 1.
  • Further longitudinal research is required to confirm the reliability of NfL for differential diagnosis, disease prediction, and treatment assessment in psychiatry 1.
  • The literature does not support any particular approach to psychiatric formulation, and more consideration is needed for consumer needs 2.
  • Management

  • No specific management strategies are detailed in the provided abstracts.
  • Special Populations

  • No specific information is available for special populations in the provided abstracts.
  • Key Recommendations

  • Elevated neurofilament light chain (NfL) levels may serve as a biomarker for severe mental disorders (SMDs) 1. (Evidence: Moderate)
  • NfL has potential in distinguishing psychiatric disorders from neurodegenerative diseases 1. (Evidence: Moderate)
  • Further longitudinal studies are necessary to validate the diagnostic and prognostic value of NfL in SMDs 1. (Evidence: Moderate)
  • Existing literature on psychiatric formulation does not favor any specific structuring approach 2. (Evidence: Moderate)
  • References

    1 Squitti R, Fiorenza A, Martinelli A, Brembati V, Crescenti D, Rongioletti M et al.. Neurofilament Light Protein as a Biomarker in Severe Mental Disorders: A Systematic Review. International journal of molecular sciences 2024. link 2 Bagster M, Myles H, Large M. Instructions for Australian and New Zealand trainees in developing skills in formulation: a systematic review of local evidence. Australasian psychiatry : bulletin of Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists 2021. link

    Original source

    1. [1]
      Neurofilament Light Protein as a Biomarker in Severe Mental Disorders: A Systematic Review.Squitti R, Fiorenza A, Martinelli A, Brembati V, Crescenti D, Rongioletti M et al. International journal of molecular sciences (2024)
    2. [2]
      Instructions for Australian and New Zealand trainees in developing skills in formulation: a systematic review of local evidence.Bagster M, Myles H, Large M Australasian psychiatry : bulletin of Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists (2021)

    HemoChat

    by SPINAI

    Evidence-based clinical decision support powered by SNOMED-CT, Neo4j GraphRAG, and NASS/AO/NICE guidelines.

    ⚕ For clinical reference only. Not a substitute for professional judgment.

    © 2026 HemoChat. All rights reserved.
    Research·Pricing·Privacy & Terms·Refund·SNOMED-CT · NASS · AO Spine · NICE · GraphRAG