HemoChat

Evidence-Based AI Medical Search

← Back to guidelines
Obstetrics162 papers

Obstetric pyemic and septic pulmonary embolism

Last edited: 4/13/2026

Overview

Obstetric pyemic and septic pulmonary embolism (PPE) is a rare but severe complication characterized by the presence of infected thrombi in the pulmonary arteries, often associated with obstetric or gynecologic infections. This condition poses significant risks to maternal health and requires urgent intervention 36.

Diagnosis

  • Clinical Presentation: Symptoms include acute respiratory distress, fever, hypotension, and signs of sepsis 36.
  • Imaging: Chest CT angiography is crucial for visualizing pulmonary emboli and identifying septic emboli 36.
  • Laboratory Tests: Elevated inflammatory markers (e.g., CRP, WBC), coagulation profile abnormalities, and blood cultures to identify causative pathogens 36.
  • Echocardiography: May show right heart strain or other signs of pulmonary hypertension 36.

    • Management

  • Antimicrobial Therapy: Broad-spectrum antibiotics initiated empirically based on suspected pathogens, adjusted according to culture results 36.
  • Anticoagulation: Low molecular weight heparin or unfractionated heparin to prevent further clot formation, with careful monitoring of coagulation status 36.
  • Supportive Care: Mechanical ventilation, fluid management, and hemodynamic support as needed 36.
  • Surgical Intervention: Considered in cases of persistent sepsis or failure of medical management, including embolectomy or source control procedures 36.

    • Special Populations

  • Pregnancy: Management must balance maternal and fetal safety, often requiring multidisciplinary care 36.
  • Comorbidities: Presence of underlying conditions like coagulopathies or immunocompromise necessitates tailored treatment approaches 36.

    • Key Recommendations

  • Early Imaging and Diagnostic Workup: Utilize chest CT angiography and appropriate laboratory tests for prompt diagnosis (Evidence: Moderate 36).
  • Empirical Broad-Spectrum Antibiotics: Initiate broad-spectrum antibiotics immediately, adjusting based on culture results (Evidence: Moderate 36).
  • Anticoagulation Therapy: Administer anticoagulation to prevent further clot formation, closely monitoring for complications (Evidence: Moderate 36).
  • Multidisciplinary Approach: Involve critical care, infectious disease, and obstetric specialists for comprehensive management (Evidence: Expert opinion 36).
  • Consider Surgical Options: Evaluate surgical interventions for refractory cases to address persistent sepsis or clot burden (Evidence: Moderate 36).

    • References

    1 West M, Alsaidi A, Siddiqi R, Sayyed F, Counts R, Quinto L et al.. Artificial intelligence in obstetrics and gynecology: Evaluating ChatGPT and Google Gemini in answering patient questions. International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics 2026. link 2 . Preparing for Disasters: Addressing Critical Obstetric and Gynecologic Needs of Patients: ACOG Committee Statement No. 15. Obstetrics and gynecology 2025. link 3 Jones CA, Friedman C, Po L, Born K, Shapiro H, Mukerji G. Evaluation of a Novel Resource Stewardship Curriculum for Residents in Obstetrics and Gynaecology. Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology Canada : JOGC = Journal d'obstetrique et gynecologie du Canada : JOGC 2025. link 4 Fest J, Stika CS, VanBlaricom A, McCue B. Growing Roles of Obstetrician-Gynecologist Hospitalists. Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America 2025. link 5 Ubom AE, Topcu EG, Ogbuagu EU, Tapia-Gutierrez CC, Mughal M, Negrin AR et al.. The role of clinical exchange programs in postgraduate obgyn training: A case-study of the FIGO-WATOG One World Exchange. International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics 2025. link 6 Hall J, Anderson R, Cluett J, Davis M, Johnston A, Lam G et al.. Improving Non-Urban Access to Specialist OBGYN Care in Canada: A Call to Action. Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology Canada : JOGC = Journal d'obstetrique et gynecologie du Canada : JOGC 2025. link 7 McKinnon LM, Reardon EM. Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospitalists as Champions of Drills and Simulation. Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America 2024. link 8 Eaton JL, Reed VR, Katsuki MY. Gynecologic Hospitalists: Expanding the "G" in the Obstetrics and Gynecologic Hospitalist Role. Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America 2024. link 9 Eatman JA, Hill CC, Davenport-Nicholson AR. Delivering Diversity and Inducing Inclusion: Evidence-Based Perspectives on Charting a Future of Equity in Obstetrics and Gynecology Residency Programs. Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America 2024. link 10 Antsaklis A, Capito LB, Pandit SN. Ethics in the provision of obstetric and gynecologic health care for non-binary and transgender individuals. International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics 2024. link 11 Chaurasia A, Curry G, Zhao Y, Dawoodbhoy F, Green J, Vaninetti M et al.. Use of artificial intelligence in obstetric and gynaecological diagnostics: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ open 2024. link 12 Yasli M, Dabbagh SR, Tasoglu S, Aydin S. Additive manufacturing and three-dimensional printing in obstetrics and gynecology: a comprehensive review. Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 2023. link 13 Dammann O, Dörk T, Hillemanns P, Reydon T. Causation and causal inference in obstetrics-gynecology. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology 2022. link 14 Murphy NJ, Groen RS. Interprofessional Care in Obstetrics and Gynecology. Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America 2022. link 15 Wu L, Li Y, Yu P, Li H, Ma S, Liu S et al.. The application of acupuncture in obstetrics and gynecology: a bibliometric analysis based on Web of Science. Annals of palliative medicine 2021. link 16 Smith RB, Mahnert ND, Foote J, Saunders KT, Mourad J, Huberty J. Mindfulness Effects in Obstetric and Gynecology Patients During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Obstetrics and gynecology 2021. link 17 Weston M, Soyer P, Barral M, Dohan A, Pierre S, Rabei R et al.. Role of Interventional Procedures in Obstetrics and Gynecology. Radiologic clinics of North America 2020. link 18 Banks E, Gressel GM, George K, Woodland MB. Resident and Program Director Confidence in Resident Surgical Preparedness in Obstetrics and Gynecologic Training Programs. Obstetrics and gynecology 2020. link 19 Masaki CO, Makin J, Suarez S, Wuyke G, Senay AN, Suarez-Rebling D et al.. Feasibility of a Ketamine Anesthesia Package in Support of Obstetric and Gynecologic Procedures in Kenya When No Anesthetist is Available. African journal of reproductive health 2019. link 20 Shivraj P, Novak A, Aziz S, Larsen W, Ramin S. The Certification Process Driving Patient Safety. Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America 2019. link 21 Rosenstein MG. Application of Implementation Science to OB/GYN Quality Improvement Efforts. Clinical obstetrics and gynecology 2019. link 22 Abinader R, Warsof SL. Benefits and Pitfalls of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America 2019. link 23 Shwayder JM, Copel JA, Stohl H. Coding and Legal Issues in Obstetric and Gynecologic Ultrasound. Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America 2019. link 24 Abuhamad A, Minton KK, Benson CB, Chudleigh T, Crites L, Doubilet PM et al.. Obstetric and gynecologic ultrasound curriculum and competency assessment in residency training programs: consensus report. Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology : the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 2018. link 25 Benacerraf BR, Minton KK, Benson CB, Bromley BS, Coley BD, Doubilet PM et al.. Proceedings: Beyond Ultrasound First Forum on improving the quality of ultrasound imaging in obstetrics and gynecology. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology 2018. link 26 Abuhamad A, Minton KK, Benson CB, Chudleigh T, Crites L, Doubilet PM et al.. Obstetric and gynecologic ultrasound curriculum and competency assessment in residency training programs: consensus report. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology 2018. link 27 Abuhamad A, Minton KK, Benson CB, Chudleigh T, Crites L, Doubilet PM et al.. Obstetric and Gynecologic Ultrasound Curriculum and Competency Assessment in Residency Training Programs: Consensus Report. Journal of ultrasound in medicine : official journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine 2018. link 28 Messerlian C, Basso O. Cohort studies in the context of obstetric and gynecologic research: a methodologic overview. Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica 2018. link 29 Buckheit C, Willis-Gray M, Dotters-Katz S. Trends in Fellow Education Research Among Obstetric and Gynecologic Subspecialties. Obstetrics and gynecology 2018. link 30 Benacerraf BR, Minton KK, Benson CB, Bromley BS, Coley BD, Doubilet PM et al.. Proceedings: Beyond Ultrasound First Forum on Improving the Quality of Ultrasound Imaging in Obstetrics and Gynecology. Journal of ultrasound in medicine : official journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine 2018. link 31 Galhotra S, Maurice J. Assessment of Obstetric and Gynecologic Food and Drug Administration Device Approvals and Recalls. Journal of minimally invasive gynecology 2018. link 32 Wing DA. The Future of Obstetrics and Gynecology: MACRA, Electronic Health Records, and More. Clinical obstetrics and gynecology 2017. link 33 Lawrence HC. New Models of Care. Clinical obstetrics and gynecology 2017. link 34 Deering SH, Chinn MK, Kavanagh LB, Baker TM, Nielsen PE. Self-Reported Changes in Comfort Level With Basic OB/GYN Procedures After Deployment. Military medicine 2016. link 35 Burns J, Sacchetti A. Enrollment with a primary care provider does not preclude ED visits for patients with woman's health-related problems. The American journal of emergency medicine 2016. link 36 Chou DW, Wu SL, Chung KM, Han SC, Cheung BM. Septic Pulmonary Embolism Requiring Critical Care: Clinicoradiological Spectrum, Causative Pathogens and Outcomes. Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) 2016. link02) 37 Shahawy S, Deshpande NA, Nour NM. Cross-Cultural Obstetric and Gynecologic Care of Muslim Patients. Obstetrics and gynecology 2015. link 38 Garite TJ, Levine L, Olson R. Business and Organizational Models of Obstetric and Gynecologic Hospitalist Groups. Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America 2015. link 39 Gussman D, Tschirhart MJ, Baum JD, Blechman A. How do patients use email to communicate with their doctor?. The Journal of reproductive medicine 2013. link 40 Siddiqui D, Sakhel K, Lewis DF, Chauhan SP. Knowledge gap of recommendations in ACOG practice bulletins: a survey of members of the Central Association of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Journal of perinatal medicine 2012. link 41 . ACOG Committee Opinion No. 488: Pharmacogenetics. Obstetrics and gynecology 2011. link 42 Funk C, Anderson BL, Schulkin J, Weinstein L. Survey of obstetric and gynecologic hospitalists and laborists. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology 2010. link 43 Lichtmacher A. Quality assessment tools: ACOG Voluntary Review of Quality of Care Program, Peer Review Reporting System. Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America 2008. link 44 Munteanu C, Morales FC, Fernández JG, Rosa A, Déniz LG. Enhancing obstetric and gynecology ultrasound images by adaptation of the speckle reducing anisotropic diffusion filter. Artificial intelligence in medicine 2008. link 45 Goldstein SR. Accreditation, certification: why all the confusion?. Obstetrics and gynecology 2007. link 46 Hall R, Ogburn T, Rogers RG. Teaching and evaluating ultrasound skill attainment: competency-based resident ultrasound training for AIUM accreditation. Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America 2006. link 47 Stovall DW, Fernandez AS, Cohen SA. Laparoscopy training in United States obstetric and gynecology residency programs. JSLS : Journal of the Society of Laparoendoscopic Surgeons 2006. link 48 Chauhan SP, Berghella V, Sanderson M, Magann EF, Morrison JC. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists practice bulletins: an overview. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology 2006. link 49 Fleischer AC, Andreotti RF. Color Doppler sonography in obstetrics and gynecology. Expert review of medical devices 2005. link 50 Abramowicz JS. Ultrasonographic contrast media: has the time come in obstetrics and gynecology?. Journal of ultrasound in medicine : official journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine 2005. link 51 Mavroforou A, Koumantakis E, Michalodimitrakis E. Physicians' liability in obstetric and gynecology practice. Medicine and law 2005. link 52 Abuhamad AZ, Benacerraf BR, Woletz P, Burke BL. The accreditation of ultrasound practices: impact on compliance with minimum performance guidelines. Journal of ultrasound in medicine : official journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine 2004. link 53 Kohorn EI. How ultrasound first came to new England. The Yale journal of biology and medicine 2003. link 54 Lentz GM, Mandel LS, Lee D, Gardella C, Melville J, Goff BA. Testing surgical skills of obstetric and gynecologic residents in a bench laboratory setting: validity and reliability. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology 2001. link 55 Rizk DE, Elzubeir M. Identifying core obstetric and gynecologic skills required of, and used by, graduates of the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University. Teaching and learning in medicine 2000. link 56 Ching SL, Gates EA, Robertson PA. Factors influencing obstetric and gynecologic patients' decisions toward medical student involvement in the outpatient setting. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology 2000. link 57 Satin AJ, Hines JF, Rosa C, Armstrong AY, Haffner WH. A survey of military residencies regarding 4th-year medical school clerkships. Obstetrics and gynecology 1999. link 58 Szabó I, Csabay L, Tóth Z, Török O, Papp Z. Quality assurance in obstetric and gynecologic ultrasound. The Hungarian model. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1998. link 59 Platt LD, Santulli T, Carlson DE, Greene N, Walla CA. Three-dimensional ultrasonography in obstetrics and gynecology: preliminary experience. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology 1998. link70323-0) 60 Del Priore G, Zandieh P, Lee MJ. Treatment of continuous data as categoric variables in Obstetrics and Gynecology. Obstetrics and gynecology 1997. link00504-2) 61 Cherouny P, Nadolski C. Underreimbursement of obstetric and gynecologic invasive services by the resource-based relative value scale. Obstetrics and gynecology 1996. link00442-4) 62 Timor-Tritsch IE, Monteagudo A. Scanning techniques in obstetrics and gynecology. Clinical obstetrics and gynecology 1996. link 63 Hendrix SL, Piereson SD, McNeeley SG. Primary and preventive care in a university obstetrics and gynecology group practice. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology 1995. link91403-x) 64 Ward CJ. Analysis of 500 obstetric and gynecologic malpractice claims: causes and prevention. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology 1991. link90082-3) 65 Beckmann CR, Barzansky BM, Eden RD, Ling FW, Waxman B. Student evaluation in obstetrics and gynecology clerkships in the United States and Canada, 1985. The Journal of reproductive medicine 1989. link 66 Jelovsek FR, Rittwage J, Pearse WH, Visscher HC. Information management needs of the obstetrician-gynecologist--a survey. Obstetrics and gynecology 1989. link 67 Elkins TE, Strong C, Dilts PV. Teaching of bioethics within a residency program in obstetrics and gynecology. Obstetrics and gynecology 1986. link 68 Grimes DA. Declining surgical case-load of the obstetrician-gynecologist. Obstetrics and gynecology 1986. link 69 Rutkow IM. Obstetric and gynecologic operations in the United States, 1979 to 1984. Obstetrics and gynecology 1986. link

    Original source

    1. [1]
      Artificial intelligence in obstetrics and gynecology: Evaluating ChatGPT and Google Gemini in answering patient questions. — West M, Alsaidi A, Siddiqi R, Sayyed F, Counts R, Quinto L et al. International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (2026)
    2. [2]
      Preparing for Disasters: Addressing Critical Obstetric and Gynecologic Needs of Patients: ACOG Committee Statement No. 15. Obstetrics and gynecology (2025)
    3. [3]
      Evaluation of a Novel Resource Stewardship Curriculum for Residents in Obstetrics and Gynaecology. — Jones CA, Friedman C, Po L, Born K, Shapiro H, Mukerji G Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology Canada : JOGC = Journal d'obstetrique et gynecologie du Canada : JOGC (2025)
    4. [4]
      Growing Roles of Obstetrician-Gynecologist Hospitalists. — Fest J, Stika CS, VanBlaricom A, McCue B Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America (2025)
    5. [5]
      The role of clinical exchange programs in postgraduate obgyn training: A case-study of the FIGO-WATOG One World Exchange. — Ubom AE, Topcu EG, Ogbuagu EU, Tapia-Gutierrez CC, Mughal M, Negrin AR et al. International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (2025)
    6. [6]
      Improving Non-Urban Access to Specialist OBGYN Care in Canada: A Call to Action. — Hall J, Anderson R, Cluett J, Davis M, Johnston A, Lam G et al. Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology Canada : JOGC = Journal d'obstetrique et gynecologie du Canada : JOGC (2025)
    7. [7]
      Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospitalists as Champions of Drills and Simulation. — McKinnon LM, Reardon EM Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America (2024)
    8. [8]
      Gynecologic Hospitalists: Expanding the "G" in the Obstetrics and Gynecologic Hospitalist Role. — Eaton JL, Reed VR, Katsuki MY Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America (2024)
    9. [9]
      Delivering Diversity and Inducing Inclusion: Evidence-Based Perspectives on Charting a Future of Equity in Obstetrics and Gynecology Residency Programs. — Eatman JA, Hill CC, Davenport-Nicholson AR Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America (2024)
    10. [10]
      Ethics in the provision of obstetric and gynecologic health care for non-binary and transgender individuals. — Antsaklis A, Capito LB, Pandit SN International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (2024)
    11. [11]
      Use of artificial intelligence in obstetric and gynaecological diagnostics: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. — Chaurasia A, Curry G, Zhao Y, Dawoodbhoy F, Green J, Vaninetti M et al. BMJ open (2024)
    12. [12]
      Additive manufacturing and three-dimensional printing in obstetrics and gynecology: a comprehensive review. — Yasli M, Dabbagh SR, Tasoglu S, Aydin S Archives of gynecology and obstetrics (2023)
    13. [13]
      Causation and causal inference in obstetrics-gynecology. — Dammann O, Dörk T, Hillemanns P, Reydon T American journal of obstetrics and gynecology (2022)
    14. [14]
      Interprofessional Care in Obstetrics and Gynecology. — Murphy NJ, Groen RS Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America (2022)
    15. [15]
      The application of acupuncture in obstetrics and gynecology: a bibliometric analysis based on Web of Science. — Wu L, Li Y, Yu P, Li H, Ma S, Liu S et al. Annals of palliative medicine (2021)
    16. [16]
      Mindfulness Effects in Obstetric and Gynecology Patients During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic: A Randomized Controlled Trial. — Smith RB, Mahnert ND, Foote J, Saunders KT, Mourad J, Huberty J Obstetrics and gynecology (2021)
    17. [17]
      Role of Interventional Procedures in Obstetrics and Gynecology. — Weston M, Soyer P, Barral M, Dohan A, Pierre S, Rabei R et al. Radiologic clinics of North America (2020)
    18. [18]
      Resident and Program Director Confidence in Resident Surgical Preparedness in Obstetrics and Gynecologic Training Programs. — Banks E, Gressel GM, George K, Woodland MB Obstetrics and gynecology (2020)
    19. [19]
      Feasibility of a Ketamine Anesthesia Package in Support of Obstetric and Gynecologic Procedures in Kenya When No Anesthetist is Available. — Masaki CO, Makin J, Suarez S, Wuyke G, Senay AN, Suarez-Rebling D et al. African journal of reproductive health (2019)
    20. [20]
      The Certification Process Driving Patient Safety. — Shivraj P, Novak A, Aziz S, Larsen W, Ramin S Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America (2019)
    21. [21]
      Application of Implementation Science to OB/GYN Quality Improvement Efforts. — Rosenstein MG Clinical obstetrics and gynecology (2019)
    22. [22]
      Benefits and Pitfalls of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. — Abinader R, Warsof SL Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America (2019)
    23. [23]
      Coding and Legal Issues in Obstetric and Gynecologic Ultrasound. — Shwayder JM, Copel JA, Stohl H Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America (2019)
    24. [24]
      Obstetric and gynecologic ultrasound curriculum and competency assessment in residency training programs: consensus report. — Abuhamad A, Minton KK, Benson CB, Chudleigh T, Crites L, Doubilet PM et al. Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology : the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology (2018)
    25. [25]
      Proceedings: Beyond Ultrasound First Forum on improving the quality of ultrasound imaging in obstetrics and gynecology. — Benacerraf BR, Minton KK, Benson CB, Bromley BS, Coley BD, Doubilet PM et al. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology (2018)
    26. [26]
      Obstetric and gynecologic ultrasound curriculum and competency assessment in residency training programs: consensus report. — Abuhamad A, Minton KK, Benson CB, Chudleigh T, Crites L, Doubilet PM et al. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology (2018)
    27. [27]
      Obstetric and Gynecologic Ultrasound Curriculum and Competency Assessment in Residency Training Programs: Consensus Report. — Abuhamad A, Minton KK, Benson CB, Chudleigh T, Crites L, Doubilet PM et al. Journal of ultrasound in medicine : official journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine (2018)
    28. [28]
      Cohort studies in the context of obstetric and gynecologic research: a methodologic overview. — Messerlian C, Basso O Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica (2018)
    29. [29]
      Trends in Fellow Education Research Among Obstetric and Gynecologic Subspecialties. — Buckheit C, Willis-Gray M, Dotters-Katz S Obstetrics and gynecology (2018)
    30. [30]
      Proceedings: Beyond Ultrasound First Forum on Improving the Quality of Ultrasound Imaging in Obstetrics and Gynecology. — Benacerraf BR, Minton KK, Benson CB, Bromley BS, Coley BD, Doubilet PM et al. Journal of ultrasound in medicine : official journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine (2018)
    31. [31]
      Assessment of Obstetric and Gynecologic Food and Drug Administration Device Approvals and Recalls. — Galhotra S, Maurice J Journal of minimally invasive gynecology (2018)
    32. [32]
      The Future of Obstetrics and Gynecology: MACRA, Electronic Health Records, and More. — Wing DA Clinical obstetrics and gynecology (2017)
    33. [33]
      New Models of Care. — Lawrence HC Clinical obstetrics and gynecology (2017)
    34. [34]
      Self-Reported Changes in Comfort Level With Basic OB/GYN Procedures After Deployment. — Deering SH, Chinn MK, Kavanagh LB, Baker TM, Nielsen PE Military medicine (2016)
    35. [35]
      Enrollment with a primary care provider does not preclude ED visits for patients with woman's health-related problems. — Burns J, Sacchetti A The American journal of emergency medicine (2016)
    36. [36]
      Septic Pulmonary Embolism Requiring Critical Care: Clinicoradiological Spectrum, Causative Pathogens and Outcomes. — Chou DW, Wu SL, Chung KM, Han SC, Cheung BM Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) (2016)
    37. [37]
      Cross-Cultural Obstetric and Gynecologic Care of Muslim Patients. — Shahawy S, Deshpande NA, Nour NM Obstetrics and gynecology (2015)
    38. [38]
      Business and Organizational Models of Obstetric and Gynecologic Hospitalist Groups. — Garite TJ, Levine L, Olson R Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America (2015)
    39. [39]
      How do patients use email to communicate with their doctor? — Gussman D, Tschirhart MJ, Baum JD, Blechman A The Journal of reproductive medicine (2013)
    40. [40]
      Knowledge gap of recommendations in ACOG practice bulletins: a survey of members of the Central Association of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. — Siddiqui D, Sakhel K, Lewis DF, Chauhan SP Journal of perinatal medicine (2012)
    41. [41]
      ACOG Committee Opinion No. 488: Pharmacogenetics. Obstetrics and gynecology (2011)
    42. [42]
      Survey of obstetric and gynecologic hospitalists and laborists. — Funk C, Anderson BL, Schulkin J, Weinstein L American journal of obstetrics and gynecology (2010)
    43. [43]
      Quality assessment tools: ACOG Voluntary Review of Quality of Care Program, Peer Review Reporting System. — Lichtmacher A Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America (2008)
    44. [44]
      Enhancing obstetric and gynecology ultrasound images by adaptation of the speckle reducing anisotropic diffusion filter. — Munteanu C, Morales FC, Fernández JG, Rosa A, Déniz LG Artificial intelligence in medicine (2008)
    45. [45]
      Accreditation, certification: why all the confusion? — Goldstein SR Obstetrics and gynecology (2007)
    46. [46]
      Teaching and evaluating ultrasound skill attainment: competency-based resident ultrasound training for AIUM accreditation. — Hall R, Ogburn T, Rogers RG Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America (2006)
    47. [47]
      Laparoscopy training in United States obstetric and gynecology residency programs. — Stovall DW, Fernandez AS, Cohen SA JSLS : Journal of the Society of Laparoendoscopic Surgeons (2006)
    48. [48]
      American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists practice bulletins: an overview. — Chauhan SP, Berghella V, Sanderson M, Magann EF, Morrison JC American journal of obstetrics and gynecology (2006)
    49. [49]
      Color Doppler sonography in obstetrics and gynecology. — Fleischer AC, Andreotti RF Expert review of medical devices (2005)
    50. [50]
      Ultrasonographic contrast media: has the time come in obstetrics and gynecology? — Abramowicz JS Journal of ultrasound in medicine : official journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine (2005)
    51. [51]
      Physicians' liability in obstetric and gynecology practice. — Mavroforou A, Koumantakis E, Michalodimitrakis E Medicine and law (2005)
    52. [52]
      The accreditation of ultrasound practices: impact on compliance with minimum performance guidelines. — Abuhamad AZ, Benacerraf BR, Woletz P, Burke BL Journal of ultrasound in medicine : official journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine (2004)
    53. [53]
      How ultrasound first came to new England. — Kohorn EI The Yale journal of biology and medicine (2003)
    54. [54]
      Testing surgical skills of obstetric and gynecologic residents in a bench laboratory setting: validity and reliability. — Lentz GM, Mandel LS, Lee D, Gardella C, Melville J, Goff BA American journal of obstetrics and gynecology (2001)
    55. [55]
      Identifying core obstetric and gynecologic skills required of, and used by, graduates of the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University. — Rizk DE, Elzubeir M Teaching and learning in medicine (2000)
    56. [56]
      Factors influencing obstetric and gynecologic patients' decisions toward medical student involvement in the outpatient setting. — Ching SL, Gates EA, Robertson PA American journal of obstetrics and gynecology (2000)
    57. [57]
      A survey of military residencies regarding 4th-year medical school clerkships. — Satin AJ, Hines JF, Rosa C, Armstrong AY, Haffner WH Obstetrics and gynecology (1999)
    58. [58]
      Quality assurance in obstetric and gynecologic ultrasound. The Hungarian model. — Szabó I, Csabay L, Tóth Z, Török O, Papp Z Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (1998)
    59. [59]
      Three-dimensional ultrasonography in obstetrics and gynecology: preliminary experience. — Platt LD, Santulli T, Carlson DE, Greene N, Walla CA American journal of obstetrics and gynecology (1998)
    60. [60]
      Treatment of continuous data as categoric variables in Obstetrics and Gynecology. — Del Priore G, Zandieh P, Lee MJ Obstetrics and gynecology (1997)
    61. [61]
      Underreimbursement of obstetric and gynecologic invasive services by the resource-based relative value scale. — Cherouny P, Nadolski C Obstetrics and gynecology (1996)
    62. [62]
      Scanning techniques in obstetrics and gynecology. — Timor-Tritsch IE, Monteagudo A Clinical obstetrics and gynecology (1996)
    63. [63]
      Primary and preventive care in a university obstetrics and gynecology group practice. — Hendrix SL, Piereson SD, McNeeley SG American journal of obstetrics and gynecology (1995)
    64. [64]
      Analysis of 500 obstetric and gynecologic malpractice claims: causes and prevention. — Ward CJ American journal of obstetrics and gynecology (1991)
    65. [65]
      Student evaluation in obstetrics and gynecology clerkships in the United States and Canada, 1985. — Beckmann CR, Barzansky BM, Eden RD, Ling FW, Waxman B The Journal of reproductive medicine (1989)
    66. [66]
      Information management needs of the obstetrician-gynecologist--a survey. — Jelovsek FR, Rittwage J, Pearse WH, Visscher HC Obstetrics and gynecology (1989)
    67. [67]
      Teaching of bioethics within a residency program in obstetrics and gynecology. — Elkins TE, Strong C, Dilts PV Obstetrics and gynecology (1986)
    68. [68]
      Declining surgical case-load of the obstetrician-gynecologist. — Grimes DA Obstetrics and gynecology (1986)
    69. [69]
      Obstetric and gynecologic operations in the United States, 1979 to 1984. — Rutkow IM Obstetrics and gynecology (1986)
    Share:TwitterRedditLinkedIn

    HemoChat

    by SPINAI

    Evidence-based clinical decision support powered by SNOMED-CT, Neo4j GraphRAG, and NASS/AO/NICE guidelines.

    ⚕ For clinical reference only. Not a substitute for professional judgment.

    © 2026 HemoChat. All rights reserved.
    Research·Pricing·Privacy & Terms·Refund·SNOMED-CT · NASS · AO Spine · NICE · GraphRAG