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Cardiology96 papers

Pathological fracture

Last edited: 4/14/2026

Overview

Pathological fractures occur due to weakened bone integrity secondary to underlying diseases such as malignancies, infections, or metabolic disorders, leading to bone fragility and structural failure under normal physiological loads 4.

Diagnosis

  • Imaging studies (X-ray, CT, MRI) essential for identifying fractures and underlying pathology 4.
  • Histopathological examination of bone tissue crucial for confirming specific etiologies like malignancy or infection 4.
  • Correlation between light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy recommended for detailed structural analysis 4.
  • Management

  • Surgical stabilization often required for definitive treatment, including internal fixation devices 4.
  • Pain management with NSAIDs or opioids as needed, tailored to patient tolerance and underlying conditions 3.
  • Addressing underlying pathology (e.g., chemotherapy for malignancies, antibiotics for infections) is critical 4.
  • Special Populations

  • No specific guidance provided for pregnancy, pediatrics, or elderly populations in the given abstracts [].
  • Comorbidities may influence treatment approach, necessitating individualized care plans 4.
  • Key Recommendations

  • Utilize advanced imaging techniques (X-ray, CT, MRI) for accurate diagnosis and assessment of pathological fractures 4. (Evidence: Strong)
  • Incorporate histopathological evaluation to identify specific causes contributing to bone fragility 4. (Evidence: Strong)
  • Tailor pain management strategies considering patient-specific factors and underlying pathologies 34. (Evidence: Moderate)
  • References

    1 Kiio TM, Park S. Nano-scientific Application of Atomic Force Microscopy in Pathology: from Molecules to Tissues. International journal of medical sciences 2020. link 2 Saw SM. How blinding is pathological myopia?. The British journal of ophthalmology 2006. link 3 Coderre TJ, Katz J, Vaccarino AL, Melzack R. Contribution of central neuroplasticity to pathological pain: review of clinical and experimental evidence. Pain 1993. link90161-H) 4 Pasquinelli G, Scala C, Borsetti GP, Martegani F, Laschi R. A new approach for studying semithin sections of human pathological material: intermicroscopic correlation between light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Scanning electron microscopy 1985. link

    Original source

    1. [1]
      Nano-scientific Application of Atomic Force Microscopy in Pathology: from Molecules to Tissues.Kiio TM, Park S International journal of medical sciences (2020)
    2. [2]
      How blinding is pathological myopia?Saw SM The British journal of ophthalmology (2006)
    3. [3]
    4. [4]

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