Overview
Superficial nerve injuries in the head and neck region often result from surgical interventions, trauma, or radiation therapy, leading to localized sensory or motor deficits without deep tissue involvement.Diagnosis
Management
Special Populations
Key Recommendations
References
Showing 100 most recent of 678 indexed papers.
1 Zeitouni J, May H, Seo H, Thipaphay P, Osazuwa-Peters N, Varvares MA et al.. Geographic Trends and Geospatial Analysis of Head and Neck Fellowship-Trained Surgeons. Head & neck 2026. link 2 Renne A, Chen JX. Gender Representation and Compensation Trends in Otolaryngology Over the Past Decade. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2026. link 3 Dedivitis RA, Castro MAF, Matos FCM, Nakai MY, Matos LL, Kulcsar MAV et al.. Competencies in head and neck surgery teaching for specialty residents. Position statement of Brazilian Head and Neck Surgery Society. Brazilian journal of otorhinolaryngology 2026. link 4 Roy M, Dahiya U, Venkatesan L, Garg R, Priya H. Effectiveness of green tea (Camellia sinensis) based mouth rinse on oral health status, pain and quality of life among advanced head and neck cancer patients in a tertiary care centre-a randomized controlled trial. Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer 2026. link 5 Sirohiya P, Maurya P, Varshney H, Gupta N, Ratre BK, Kumar B et al.. Efficacy of glossopharyngeal nerve block in managing pain in head and neck cancer: a retrospective cohort study. Pain management 2026. link 6 Gao Q, Xie L, Qin Y, Xie J. Pharmacovigilance Assessment of PD-1 Antibody Therapy in Head and Neck Cancer: Risk Factor Analysis Using FAERS Database. Clinical therapeutics 2026. link 7 Vadlamudi PS, Prince ADP, Wilseck ZM, Schaaff C, Yuan Y, Mentz G et al.. Perioperative Management of Carotid Blowout Syndrome After Head and Neck Cancer Treatment: A Retrospective Case Series. Journal of neurosurgical anesthesiology 2026. link 8 Ayoo K, Koo E, Villemure-Poliquin N, Fu R, Irish JC, Lindsay T et al.. Cerebrovascular events after head and neck radiation therapy: A systematic review and Meta-Analysis. Oral oncology 2026. link 9 Uralov D, De Virgilio A, Canali L, Pace GM, Alamoudi U, Magnuson JS et al.. Postoperative Antithrombotic Strategies in Head and Neck Free Flap Reconstruction: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. Head & neck 2026. link 10 Zhou Y, Zhang J, Li Z, Wang X, Liu Y, Yang X. Is the use of intraoperative vasopressors associated with flap failure in head and neck free tissue transfer surgery?. Journal of stomatology, oral and maxillofacial surgery 2026. link 11 Obata N, Fujimoto D, Mizobuchi S. Relationship between duration of intraoperative hypotension and postoperative delirium in patients undergoing head and neck cancer surgery with free flap reconstruction: a retrospective observational study. Journal of anesthesia 2026. link 12 Kuo PJ, Lin PC, Hsieh CH. Carotid Blowout Syndrome in Head and Neck Cancer Patients after Free Flap Reconstruction. Annals of vascular surgery 2026. link 13 Dietz A, Taylor K, Bayer O, Singer S, Follmann M, Nothacker M et al.. Evidence-based guideline diagnosis, treatment, prevention and aftercare of oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinoma. German medical science : GMS e-journal 2025. link 14 Fuchs A, Nekhendzy V, Greif R. The evolving landscape of airway education in anesthesia for head and neck surgery. Current opinion in anaesthesiology 2025. link 15 Staibano P, Samargandy S, Cottrell J, Wang L, Au M, Gupta MK et al.. Quality Indicators in Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery: A Scoping Review. Journal of otolaryngology - head & neck surgery = Le Journal d'oto-rhino-laryngologie et de chirurgie cervico-faciale 2025. link 16 Shires CB, Sebelik ME. Head & neck surgical oncology: Success in private practice. American journal of otolaryngology 2025. link 17 Useche M, Eyassu DG, Rincon AS, Hable N, Yehala ZM, Asgedom BH et al.. Pitfalls and Strategies for Implementing and Sustaining an Otolaryngology Perioperative Registry in Mekelle, Ethiopia. The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology 2025. link 18 Anschuetz L, Tschopp S, Trippel M, Huwendiek S, Trepp R, Caversaccio M et al.. A Novel Training Model to Improve Diagnostic Accuracy of Cervical Fine-Needle Aspiration. Head & neck 2025. link 19 de Castro MAF, Dedivitis RA, de Matos FCM, Nakai MY, de Matos LL, Kulcsar MAV et al.. Competencies in Head and Neck Surgery teaching for medical internship. Position statement of Brazilian Head and Neck Surgery Society. Brazilian journal of otorhinolaryngology 2025. link 20 Lechien JR, Hamdan AL, Maniaci A, Mayo-Yanez M, Cammaroto G, Kan K et al.. Gender-Related Discriminations in European Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery: European Report. Surgical innovation 2025. link 21 Hidalgo CM, Martin EJ, Eyassu DG, Hernandez-Herrera GA, Jenkins SM, Chweya CM et al.. Modified Clavien-Dindo Classification for Adverse Events in Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. JAMA network open 2025. link 22 Mikkelsen AK, Kuenzel J, Orloff LA, Sebelik ME, McQueen A, Madani G et al.. Development and validation of a multiple-choice test for head and neck ultrasound certification. European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 2025. link 23 Buhr CR, Ernst BP, Blaikie A, Smith H, Kelsey T, Matthias C et al.. Assessment of decision-making with locally run and web-based large language models versus human board recommendations in otorhinolaryngology, head and neck surgery. European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 2025. link 24 Ideker HC, Odeh A, Mazul A, Massa ST. A geographical comparison between head & neck cancer incidence and distribution of otolaryngologists. American journal of otolaryngology 2025. link 25 Chen T, Silver JA, Seikaly H, Nguyen LHP, Chan Y. Mapping the Mentorship Landscape in Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Training Programs: A Cross-Canadian Survey. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2025. link 26 Ferraro T, Ganesan S, Arrighi-Allisan A, Zaheer MA, Fangmeyer S, Sotudeh S et al.. Trends in Female Authorship at American Academy of Otolaryngology-HNS Annual Meetings From 2007 to 2022. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2025. link 27 Puri A, Elton AC, Wuertz BR, Ondrey FG. Head and Neck Cancer Research Training Program Associated with Academic Success for Trainees. Journal of cancer education : the official journal of the American Association for Cancer Education 2025. link 28 Maniaci A, Lechien JR, Chiesa-Estomba C, Maso V, Gengler I, Fagan JJ et al.. Regional Disparities in Head and Neck Cancer Management: A Global Cross-Sectional Survey of the World Federation of ENT Societies. Head & neck 2025. link 29 Sheldrick H, Kingston S, Crane J. Delivering an integrated care systems approach for speech and language therapy head and neck cancer services in the UK: service development and redesign in Cheshire and Merseyside. Current opinion in otolaryngology & head and neck surgery 2025. link 30 Sellstrom D, Haighton C, Finch T, O'Hara J, Patterson JM. Assessment and management of late radiation-associated dysphagia after treatment for head and neck cancer: A scoping review and survey of UK speech and language therapists. International journal of language & communication disorders 2025. link 31 Dawson C, Wheeler J. The 'art' of communication therapy. Current opinion in otolaryngology & head and neck surgery 2025. link 32 Fleming C, Robinson HF. Delivering a bespoke education programme and learning framework for the integrated speech & language therapy head and neck cancer service across Cheshire and Merseyside, within the UK. Current opinion in otolaryngology & head and neck surgery 2025. link 33 Gungadeen M, Van der Linde J, Graham MA, Pillay BS. South African speech-language therapists' views on dysphagia in head and neck cancer patients. The South African journal of communication disorders = Die Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir Kommunikasieafwykings 2025. link 34 Butler J, Sellstrom D, Eastwood N, Hamilton D, O'Hara J. Outcomes of an Advanced Speech and Language Therapist-Led Low-Risk 2-Week Wait Clinic for Suspected Head and Neck Cancer: A UK-Based Pilot Study. Journal of voice : official journal of the Voice Foundation 2025. link 35 Occomore-Kent LC, Hardman JC, Roe JWG, Bradley P, Carding PN, Patterson JM. Speech and language therapist-led clinics for low-risk suspected head and neck cancer referrals: A qualitative study of ear, nose and throat surgeons' views. International journal of language & communication disorders 2025. link 36 Tanaka O, Naganawa K, Matsuzuka T, Ehara Y, Hasegawa Y, Kiryu T et al.. Impact of stomatitis on pain relief and nutrition in palliative radiotherapy using quad shot: a prospective study. Journal of radiation research 2025. link 37 Ulbricht S, Ullrich A, Grosse-Thie C, Strueder D, Blaurock M, Busch CJ et al.. Movement Behaviors and the Role of Self-Reported Symptoms and Well-Being: A Dynamic Structural Equation Modeling Approach Among Head and Neck Cancer Patients. Psycho-oncology 2025. link 38 de Matos Barbosa S, de Lima Medeiros Y, Marliere DAA, Rodrigues LLFR, Guimarães AS, Garcia JBS. Prevalence and incidence of chronic neuropathic pain and its association with anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbances in brazilian head and neck cancer patients. Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer 2025. link 39 Tang Y, She Y, Chen D, Zhou Y, Liu Z, Chen Z et al.. Signal mining and analysis of influencing factors for adverse events of Nivolumab and Cetuximab in the treatment of head and neck cancer based on the US FAERS database. Frontiers in immunology 2025. link 40 Mouzannar S, Jalaeefar A, Shirkhoda M, Memari F, Arab Kheradmand A, Garajei A et al.. The Role of Anticoagulation Regimen on Flap Outcome in Microvascular Head and Neck Reconstruction. Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons 2025. link 41 Carpenter DJ, Patel P, Niedzwiecki D, Dillon M, Diaz AK, Kumar A et al.. Long-term risk of carotid stenosis and cerebrovascular disease after radiation therapy for head and neck cancer. Cancer 2025. link 42 Cevik J, Newland DP, Cheong E, Cabalag M, Ramakrishnan A. Efficacy and Safety of Subcutaneous Unfractionated Heparin Administered Every 8 hours for Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis in Reconstructive Head and Neck Tumor Patients: A Systematic Review and 6-Year Institutional Case Series. Journal of reconstructive microsurgery 2025. link 43 Patil M, Hassman BN, Johnson D, Thompson JR, Dowdall J, Cook JR. Treatment of Post Neck Radiation Carotid Blowout Syndrome with Viabahn Stent Placement. Annals of vascular surgery 2025. link 44 Qiao QH, Yin SC, Shi C, Wang S, Xu Q, Xu ZF et al.. Risk Factors for Free Flap Outcomes: A Retrospective Study of 318 Free Flaps for Head and Neck Defect Reconstruction. Ear, nose, & throat journal 2025. link 45 Mohebbi E, Alimoradi Z, Rozek LS, Mohebbi A, Jafari E. Risk of head and neck cancer among opium users. Archives of oral biology 2024. link 46 Peterson DE, Koyfman SA, Yarom N, Lynggaard CD, Ismaila N, Forner LE et al.. Prevention and Management of Osteoradionecrosis in Patients With Head and Neck Cancer Treated With Radiation Therapy: ISOO-MASCC-ASCO Guideline. Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology 2024. link 47 Foust AM, Johnstone L, Krishnasarma R, Martin DC, Vaughn J, Shekdar K et al.. Nontraumatic Pediatric Head and Neck Emergencies: Resource for On-Call Radiologists. Radiographics : a review publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc 2024. link 48 Singh S, Booth TN, Clarke RL. Pediatric head and neck emergencies. Neuroradiology 2024. link 49 Id Said B, Eskander A, Kapadia A, Husain ZA. A narrative review of oncologic emergencies in patients with head and neck cancers: initial management and the role of radiation therapy. Annals of palliative medicine 2024. link 50 Key S, Chia C, Del Rio M, Phyland D, Giddings C. Discharge destination following elective and emergency surgical tracheostomies in head and neck cancer patients. Auris, nasus, larynx 2024. link 51 Reyes-Gibby CC, Qdaisat A, Ferrarotto R, Fadol A, Bischof JJ, Coyne CJ et al.. Cardiovascular events after cancer immunotherapy as oncologic emergencies: Analyses of 610 head and neck cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Head & neck 2024. link 52 Crowson MG, Nwosu OI. The Integration and Impact of Artificial Intelligence in Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery: Navigating the Last Mile. Otolaryngologic clinics of North America 2024. link 53 Sriram S, Creighton FX, Galaiya D. Autonomous Robotic Systems in Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. Otolaryngologic clinics of North America 2024. link 54 Lechien JR. Generative AI and Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery. Otolaryngologic clinics of North America 2024. link 55 Ferraro T, Cole J, Lee SM, Pershad AR, Lee E, Hildebrand H et al.. Trends of female authorship in head and neck surgery publications over the last decade. Head & neck 2024. link 56 Schneider E, Shilo S, Ungar OJ. Validated mobile applications in otolaryngology head and neck surgery for patient and physicians: A systematic literature review. American journal of otolaryngology 2024. link 57 Duggal R, Culbert AA, Williams-Medina E, Tanzo JT, Tierney WS. Otolaryngology-head and neck surgery resident and medical school characteristics: Current paradigm amidst changing application criteria. American journal of otolaryngology 2024. link 58 Maronian N, Cabrera C, Dewey J, Meyer T. The Development of Head and Neck Cancer in Patients with the Isolated Complaint of Globus Pharyngeus. The Laryngoscope 2024. link 59 Paderno A, Bedi N, Rau A, Holsinger CF. Computer Vision and Videomics in Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery: Bridging the Gap Between Clinical Needs and the Promise of Artificial Intelligence. Otolaryngologic clinics of North America 2024. link 60 Lechien JR, Georgescu BM, Hans S, Chiesa-Estomba CM. ChatGPT performance in laryngology and head and neck surgery: a clinical case-series. European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 2024. link 61 Seguya A, Kabagenyi F, Tamir SO. 'Seeing is believing' - gender disparities in otolaryngology-head and neck surgery in Africa: a narrative review. Current opinion in otolaryngology & head and neck surgery 2024. link 62 Campbell JC, Canick JE, Redmond R, Lee JW, Woodard CR, Grimm LJ. Language Patterns in Letters of Recommendation for Residency Applicants in Otolaryngology. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2024. link 63 Oliver J, Alapati R, Lee J, Bur A. Artificial Intelligence in Head and Neck Surgery. Otolaryngologic clinics of North America 2024. link 64 Long C, Subburam D, Lowe K, Dos Santos A, Zhang J, Hwang S et al.. ChatENT: Augmented Large Language Model for Expert Knowledge Retrieval in Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2024. link 65 Danis DO, Cohen MB, Levi JR. Relationship between otolaryngology interest groups and residency match results. American journal of otolaryngology 2024. link 66 Wiedermann J, Douse DM, Green KJ, Pang JC, Blount Q, Yu K et al.. Outcomes of Short-Term Surgical Trips in Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery: A Scoping Review. The Laryngoscope 2024. link 67 Samaha NL, Gwynne K, Habib AM, Randolph J, Walsh AR, Boyd DA et al.. Impact of Early Research Productivity on Future Academic Output Among Head and Neck Fellows. The Laryngoscope 2024. link 68 Kim YE, Serpedin A, Periyakoil P, German D, Rameau A. Sociodemographic reporting in videomics research: a review of practices in otolaryngology - head and neck surgery. European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 2024. link 69 McKeon M, Zhou A, Tang AL. Gender inequities in ENT: Insights from women speakers at American Head and Neck Society meetings. Head & neck 2024. link 70 Lang S. Crossing Borders: 95. Jahresversammlung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Hals-Chirurgie vom 8. bis 11. Mai 2024 in Essen. Laryngo- rhino- otologie 2024. link 71 Wackym PA, Toh EHY, Moody-Antonio SA, Woodard TD. The Intersection Between Meritocracy and Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2024. link 72 Zhu H, Qu S, Deng Y, Gong M, Xiang Y, Teng Y et al.. Application of organoids in otolaryngology: head and neck surgery. European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 2024. link 73 Hathi K, Nam YSJ, Fowler J, Dishan B, Madou E, Sowerby LJ et al.. Improving Operating Room Efficiency in Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery: A Scoping Review. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2024. link 74 Lin WJ, Chang CM, Cheng PC, Lo WC, Huang TY, Wu CW et al.. Real-time surgical simulation training for recurrent laryngeal nerve and facial nerve dissection. American journal of otolaryngology 2024. link 75 Long C, Lowe K, Zhang J, Santos AD, Alanazi A, O'Brien D et al.. A Novel Evaluation Model for Assessing ChatGPT on Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Certification Examinations: Performance Study. JMIR medical education 2024. link 76 Kobayashi H, Choyke PL. The role of interventional radiology and molecular imaging for near infrared photoimmunotherapy. Japanese journal of radiology 2024. link 77 Haldeman PB, Ghani MA, Rubio P, Pineda M, Califano J, Sacco AG et al.. Interdisciplinary Approach to Expedited Outpatient Gastrostomy Tube Placement in Head and Neck Cancer Patients: A Single Center Retrospective Study. Academic radiology 2024. link 78 Flood T, Duffy O. The effectiveness of interprofessional peer-led teaching and learning for therapeutic radiography students and Speech and Language Therapy students. PloS one 2024. link 79 Caballero-Borrego M, Coll S, Navarrete P. Effectiveness and tolerance of electrochemotherapy as palliative therapy for patients with head and neck cancer and malignant melanoma and its relation to early skin reaction. Brazilian journal of otorhinolaryngology 2024. link 80 Zingeta GT, Worku YT, Awol M, Woldetsadik ES, Assefa M, Chama TZ et al.. Outcome of Hypofractionated Palliative Radiotherapy Regimens for Patients With Advanced Head and Neck Cancer in Tikur Anbessa Hospital, Ethiopia: A Prospective Cohort Study. JCO global oncology 2024. link 81 Patel A, Garg R, Bharti SJ, Kumar V, Gupta N, Mishra S et al.. Comparison of sedation efficacy of intravenous infusion of dexmedetomidine versus propofol in terms of opioid consumption in patients requiring postoperative mechanical ventilation after head and neck onco-surgeries - A randomized prospective study. Indian journal of cancer 2024. link 82 Abulizi A, Yan G, Xu Q, Muhetaer R, Wu S, Abudukelimu K et al.. Cardiovascular adverse events and immune-related adverse events associated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Scientific reports 2024. link 83 Buncke M, Bhatnagar K, Yang S, Tan K, Slijepcevic AA, Young G et al.. Outcomes Following Treatment for Carotid Blowout in Head and Neck Cancer Patients. The Laryngoscope 2024. link 84 Contrera KJ, Hassan AM, Shuck JW, Bobian M, Ha AY, Chang EI et al.. Outcomes for 160 Consecutive Lateral Arm Free Flaps for Head and Neck Reconstruction. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2024. link 85 D'Arco F, Lee P, Siddiqui A, Nash R, Ugga L. Radiologic diagnosis of non-traumatic paediatric head and neck emergencies. Pediatric radiology 2023. link 86 Liu D, Wang Y. Recurrence of Submandibular Adenocarcinoma with Intra-cranial Metastasis as the First Symptom. Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP 2023. link 87 Zamora C, Castillo M, Puac-Polanco P, Torres C. Oncologic Emergencies in the Head and Neck. Radiologic clinics of North America 2023. link 88 Thapa NM, Tripathi P. A Handbook of Emergencies in ENT- Head and Neck Surgery. Kathmandu University medical journal (KUMJ) 2023. link 89 Nwosu OI, Crowson MG, Rameau A. Artificial Intelligence Governance and Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. The Laryngoscope 2023. link 90 Hussain Qureshi MF, Akhtar S, Ghaloo SK, Wasif M, Pasha HA, Dhanani R. Implication of stem cells and platelet rich plasma in otolaryngology, head and neck surgical procedures. JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association 2023. link 91 McMillan A, McMillan N, Gupta N, Kanotra SP, Salem AK. 3D Bioprinting in Otolaryngology: A Review. Advanced healthcare materials 2023. link 92 Miller A, Stevens MN, Tang A, Cottrill E, Yang SF, Rohde SL. Characterizing gender trends in head and neck fellowship graduates from 2008 to 2018. Head & neck 2023. link 93 Mavedatnia D, Yi G, Wener E, Davidson J, Chan Y, Graham ME. Gender Differences in North American and International Otolaryngology Clinical Practice Guideline Authorship: A 17-Year Analysis. The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology 2023. link 94 Huang AE, Chan EP, Stave CM, Patel ZM, Hwang PH, Chang MT. Social Media Utilization in Otolaryngology: A Scoping Review. The Laryngoscope 2023. link 95 Adams MD, Wong J, Gadre A, Greene JS, Milligan D, Paknezhad H et al.. Impact of Giving Patients Your Personal Phone Number in Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery. The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology 2023. link 96 Dowling E, Larson D, Carlson ML, Price DL. Development and Validation of Instrument for Operative Competency Assessment in Selective Neck Dissection. The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology 2023. link 97 Zagury-Orly I, Solinski MA, Nguyen LH, Young M, Drozdowski V, Bain PA et al.. What is the Current State of Extended Reality Use in Otolaryngology Training? A Scoping Review. The Laryngoscope 2023. link 98 Piotrowski S, Nałęcz D, Chmielecka J, Gaszak B, Krakowczyk Ł. Free microvascular bone flaps used for cavity reconstruction in the head and neck area. Otolaryngologia polska = The Polish otolaryngology 2023. link 99 Shah HP, Sheth AH, Abdou H, Lerner MZ. Initiatives for Early Medical Student Engagement with the Field of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery. The Journal of laryngology and otology 2023. link 100 Kharidia KM, Lin ME, West JD, Sarode DN, Ma HJ, Vanstrum EB et al.. Virtual Versus In-Person Head and Neck Physical Examination Training in Medical Students: A Pilot Assessment. The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology 2023. link