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Cardiology534 papers

Common acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Last edited: 4/23/2026

Overview

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a hematologic malignancy characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of immature lymphoid cells. It predominantly affects children but also occurs in adults, requiring multidisciplinary management to address both disease and treatment-related complications. 8 18

Diagnosis

Clinical Presentation: Fatigue, pallor, recurrent infections, bone pain, and lymphadenopathy.

Laboratory Tests: Peripheral blood smear showing lymphoblasts, complete blood count (CBC) with thrombocytopenia or anemia.

Bone Marrow Aspiration: Essential for definitive diagnosis, showing >20% lymphoblasts.

Immunophenotyping: Flow cytometry to determine lineage and immunophenotype of blasts.

Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics: Karyotyping, FISH, and molecular studies to identify specific genetic abnormalities (e.g., ETV6::RUNX1, Ph-like ALL). 6 11 31

Management

Induction Therapy: Multiagent chemotherapy regimens (e.g., vincristine, prednisone, daunorubicin, asparaginase) to achieve remission. 8 17

Consolidation/Intensification: Additional cycles of chemotherapy to eliminate residual disease.

Maintenance Therapy: Long-term low-dose chemotherapy (e.g., 6-mercaptopurine, methotrexate) to prevent relapse. 8 29

Targeted Therapy: Use of inotuzumab ozogamicin, blinatumomab, and CAR T-cell therapy for relapsed or refractory cases. 10 22 44

Supportive Care: Management of complications including thrombosis (anticoagulants), infection (prophylactic antibiotics), and cardiotoxicity (dexrazoxane). 1 40 50

Special Populations

Pediatrics: Tailored chemotherapy regimens to minimize long-term toxicity; close monitoring for developmental and psychosocial impacts. 8 9 39

Adults: Higher risk of adverse events; individualized treatment plans considering comorbidities and molecular subtypes. 18 19

Comorbidities: Special attention to managing coexisting conditions like ventricular septal defects or long QT syndrome, which may influence treatment choices. 3 15

Key Recommendations

Use of Risk Stratification Systems: Employ risk stratification systems (e.g., HFA-ICOS) to guide treatment intensity in adults with ALL. (Evidence: Moderate) 4

Monitoring for Thrombosis: Regularly screen for and manage treatment-induced thrombosis, especially in pediatric and adult patients. (Evidence: Moderate) 1 16 39

Cardioprotection: Consider cardioprotective measures, such as dexrazoxane, in patients exposed to anthracyclines to mitigate cardiotoxicity. (Evidence: Moderate) 40

Physical Activity: Incorporate structured exercise programs to improve physical fitness and reduce treatment-related frailty in pediatric ALL survivors. (Evidence: Moderate) 10 21

Long-term Follow-up: Implement comprehensive long-term follow-up plans to monitor for late effects, including cardiovascular health, neurocognitive function, and psychosocial well-being. (Evidence: Expert opinion) 34 51

References

Showing 100 most recent of 222 indexed papers.

1 Mkhwanazi ZA, Fabunmi OA, Nkambule BB. Impact of treatment-induced thrombosis on the prognosis of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ open 2026. link 2 Vajdic T, Carlson PM, Busch M, Ross BJ, Olszewski D, McLaughlin D et al.. Successful Resolution of Compartment Syndrome in a Pediatric Patient With B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Journal of pediatric hematology/oncology 2026. link 3 Tsutsumi Y, Ito S, Suzuki T, Kikuchi R, Aoyagi H, Gibo H et al.. Nonmyeloablative Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation With Postcyclophosphamide in a Case of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Complicated by Ventricular Septal Defect. Transplantation proceedings 2026. link 4 Valdovinos-Elizalde LE, Rios-Olais FA, Hernandez-Felix JH, Vasquez-Ortiz ZY, Demichelis-Gomez R. Prognostic value of HFA-ICOS risk assessment for cancer therapy-related cardiovascular toxicity in adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia & lymphoma 2026. link 5 Karanam Y, Trehan A, Bansal D. Incidence of Hypertension During Induction Therapy in Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Indian pediatrics 2026. link 6 Cui W, Ding X, Liu J, Hu P, Ma S, Yang C et al.. Evaluation of the Cytomorphology, Immunophenotype, and Molecular Genetics of Lymphoblastic Lymphoma/Leukemia in Serous Effusion. Acta cytologica 2026. link 7 Crilly CJ, Carvalho K, Winlaw DS, Cornicelli M. Acquired Submitral Aneurysm in an Adolescent with Relapse of B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and History of Multiple Systemic Infections: A Case Report. Pediatric cardiology 2026. link 8 Inaba H, Teachey D, Annesley C, Batra S, Beck J, Colace S et al.. Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Version 2.2025, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines In Oncology. Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN 2025. link 9 Klages KL, Gibson CA, Barnett KA, Schwartz LE, Hicks CA, Norris RE et al.. Systematic Review of Pain Assessment Measures Used in Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Psycho-oncology 2025. link 10 Bılazer S, Kabak VY, Uysal SA. Effectiveness of home-based exercise programs in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A systematic review. Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer 2025. link 11 Miller DR. Contributions of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology to the Diagnosis, Treatment, and Cure of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Part 2a (Numbers 11 to 15). Journal of pediatric hematology/oncology 2025. link 12 Miller DR. Contributions of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology to the Diagnosis, Treatment, and Cure of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Part 2b (Numbers 16 to 20). Journal of pediatric hematology/oncology 2025. link 13 Mack MC, Claxton RN, Arnold RM, Maurer SH. Peds OncoTalk: A Curriculum to Teach Communication Skills to Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Fellows. Pediatric blood & cancer 2025. link 14 Duan X, Deng Y, Li L, Yin Z, Yu L. Safety evaluation of inotuzumab ozogamicin: a pharmacovigilance study based on the FAERS database. International journal of surgery (London, England) 2025. link 15 Harvey A, Caru M, Gonzalez Corcia C, Bertrand É, Gagné V, Dandekar S et al.. Uncovering possible silent acquired long QT syndrome using exercise stress testing in long-term pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia survivors. International journal of cancer 2025. link 16 Pelland-Marcotte MC, Belaktib A, Droit A, Remy MM, Clement JG, Bianco S et al.. Molecular signatures associated with venous thromboembolism in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH 2025. link 17 Shah B, Mattison RJ, Abboud R, Abdelmessieh P, Aldoss I, Burke PW et al.. Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Version 2.2024, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology. Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN 2024. link 18 Gökbuget N, Boissel N, Chiaretti S, Dombret H, Doubek M, Fielding A et al.. Diagnosis, prognostic factors, and assessment of ALL in adults: 2024 ELN recommendations from a European expert panel. Blood 2024. link 19 Gökbuget N, Boissel N, Chiaretti S, Dombret H, Doubek M, Fielding A et al.. Management of ALL in adults: 2024 ELN recommendations from a European expert panel. Blood 2024. link 20 Mishra AK, Burridge S, Espuelas MO, O'Reilly M, Cummins M, Nicholson E et al.. Practice guideline: Preparation for CAR T-cell therapy in children and young adults with B-acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. British journal of haematology 2024. link 21 Liu H, Yin J, Wang K, Liu S, Yang Y, Song Z et al.. Efficacy of physical exercise intervention on children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia during treatment and rehabilitation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer 2024. link 22 Willyanto SE, Alimsjah YA, Tanjaya K, Tuekprakhon A, Pawestri AR. Comprehensive analysis of the efficacy and safety of CAR T-cell therapy in patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Annals of medicine 2024. link 23 Zhai Y, Hong J, Wang J, Jiang Y, Wu W, Lv Y et al.. Comparison of blinatumomab and CAR T-cell therapy in relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Expert review of hematology 2024. link 24 Østergaard A, Fiocco M, de Groot-Kruseman H, Moorman AV, Vora A, Zimmermann M et al.. ETV6::RUNX1 Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: how much therapy is needed for cure?. Leukemia 2024. link 25 Ferraz A, Santos M, Pereira MG. Parental distress in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A systematic review of the literature. Journal of family psychology : JFP : journal of the Division of Family Psychology of the American Psychological Association (Division 43) 2024. link 26 Hu X, Xu R, Yu S, Liu Q. A meta-analysis of the prognostic significance of CDKN deletions in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Annals of medicine 2024. link 27 Rahmayanti SU, Amalia R, Rusdiana T. Systematic review: genetic polymorphisms in the pharmacokinetics of high-dose methotrexate in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients. Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology 2024. link 28 Lobo-Alves SC, Oliveira LA, Kretzschmar GC, Valengo AE, Rosati R. Long noncoding RNA expression in acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A systematic review. Critical reviews in oncology/hematology 2024. link 29 Zhou Y, Wang L, Sun LR, Zhang L, Wang HM, Liu XT et al.. Individualized Use of 6-Mercaptopurine in Chinese Children with ALL: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics 2024. link 30 Short NJ, Jabbour E, Jamison T, Paul S, Cuglievan B, McCall D et al.. Dose-Dense Mini-Hyper-CVD, Inotuzumab Ozogamicin and Blinatumomab Achieves Rapid MRD-Negativity in Philadelphia Chromosome-Negative B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Clinical lymphoma, myeloma & leukemia 2024. link 31 Tueur G, Quessada J, De Bie J, Cuccuini W, Toujani S, Lefebvre C et al.. Cytogenetics in the management of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Guidelines from the Groupe Francophone de Cytogénétique Hématologique (GFCH). Current research in translational medicine 2023. link 32 Jeha S, Goto H, Baruchel A, Boëlle-Le Corfec E, Geffriaud-Ricouard C, Pieters R et al.. Patient-Level Meta-analysis of Clofarabine in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Advances in therapy 2023. link 33 Lynggaard LS, Rank CU, Als-Nielsen B, Hoejfeldt SG, Heyman M, Schmiegelow K et al.. PEG-asparaginase treatment regimens for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in children: a network meta-analysis. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews 2023. link 34 Cho S, Tromburg C, Forbes C, Tran A, Allapitan E, Fay-McClymont T et al.. Social adjustment across the lifespan in survivors of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL): a systematic review. Journal of cancer survivorship : research and practice 2023. link 35 Khalid A, Ahmed M, Hasnain S. Biochemical and Hematologic Profiles in B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Children. Journal of pediatric hematology/oncology 2023. link 36 Miller DR. Top Ten Contributions of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology to the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Journal of pediatric hematology/oncology 2023. link 37 Malecka A, Hennig M, Jaworski R, Irga-Jaworska N. The Vitamin D Status in Children With Newly Diagnosed Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and Its Potential Impact on the Primary Symptoms of Leukemia and Course of Induction Treatment. Journal of pediatric hematology/oncology 2023. link 38 Mingas OR, Rebelo M, Duarte X, Anjos R. Investigation of atrial mass by multi-imaging and biopsy. Cardiology in the young 2023. link 39 Gidl A, Füreder A, Benesch M, Dworzak M, Engstler G, Jones N et al.. Incidence and Risk Factors of Venous Thromboembolism in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia - a Population-Based Analysis of the Austrian Berlin-Frankfurt-Münster (BFM) Study Group. Pediatric hematology and oncology 2023. link 40 Lapointe MO, Caru M, Curnier D, Raboisson MJ, Andelfinger G, Krajinovic M et al.. Dexrazoxane Treatments Limits Subclinical Cardiac Dysfunction in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Survivors Exposed to Doxorubicin Treatments. Journal of pediatric hematology/oncology 2023. link 41 Chua LL, Azanan MS, Oh L, Ariffin H. Physical Inactivity as an Early Sign of Frailty in Young Adult Survivors of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Journal of pediatric hematology/oncology 2023. link 42 Ghafarinatanzi M, Perie D. Estimation of anisotropic properties of CMR patient-specific left ventricle using the virtual field method. Biomechanics and modeling in mechanobiology 2023. link 43 Kołodrubiec J, Kozłowska M, Irga-Jaworska N, Sędek Ł, Pastorczak A, Trelińska J et al.. Efficacy of ruxolitinib in acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A systematic review. Leukemia research 2022. link 44 Illarregi U, Telleria J, Bilbao-Aldaiturriaga N, Lopez-Lopez E, Ballesteros J, Martin-Guerrero I et al.. lncRNA deregulation in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A systematic review. International journal of oncology 2022. link 45 . CAR T Cells Detectable More than 10 Years Later. Cancer discovery 2022. link 46 Aşkın FN, Erinmez M, Ören AC, Manay AB, Zer Y. Sphingomonas paucimobilis Outbreak a Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Hospital: Epidemiological Investigation and Literature Review of an Emerging Healthcare-Associated Infection. Japanese journal of infectious diseases 2022. link 47 Niaz H, Malik HS, Mahmood R, Mehmood A, Zaidi SA, Nisar U. Clinico-Haematologic Parameters And Assessment Of Post-Induction Status In Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia. Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC 2022. link 48 Wright ML, O'Brien SH, Schloss B, Stanek JR, Reed S. Sedation Practices for Lumbar Punctures in Patients With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Multicenter Retrospective Study Using Pediatric Health Information Systems. Journal of pediatric hematology/oncology 2022. link 49 Carmona R, Kizilocak H, Marquez-Casas E, Vasquez S, Ji L, Ko RH et al.. Markers of hypercoagulability in children with newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Pediatric blood & cancer 2022. link 50 Luskin MR. SOHO State of the Art Updates and Next Questions: Mini-Hyper-CVD Combinations for Older Adults: Results of Recent Trials and a Glimpse into the Future. Clinical lymphoma, myeloma & leukemia 2022. link 51 Douvas MG, Riegler LL. Meeting Challenges in the Long-Term Care of Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Current hematologic malignancy reports 2022. link 52 El Amrousy D, El-Afify D, Khedr R, Ibrahim AM. Omega 3 fatty acids can reduce early doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Pediatric blood & cancer 2022. link 53 Li Z, Qu W, He X, Zhao X, Luo Y, Wang J. A Case Report of Imatinib-induced Acute Heart Failure and Literature Review. Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP 2022. link 54 Aamir S, Anwar MY, Khalid F, Khan SI, Ali MA, Khattak ZE. Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of CD19-Specific CAR-T Cell Therapy in Relapsed/Refractory Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in the Pediatric and Young Adult Population: Safety and Efficacy Outcomes. Clinical lymphoma, myeloma & leukemia 2021. link 55 Yadav V, Ganesan P, Veeramani R, Kumar V D. Philadelphia-Like Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Systematic Review. Clinical lymphoma, myeloma & leukemia 2021. link 56 Halford Z, Coalter C, Gresham V, Brown T. A Systematic Review of Blinatumomab in the Treatment of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Engaging an Old Problem With New Solutions. The Annals of pharmacotherapy 2021. link 57 Liu J, Weiling G, Xueqin L, Liang X, Linhong W, Zhongwen C. The CEBPE rs2239633 genetic polymorphism on susceptibility to childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: an updated meta-analysis. Environmental health and preventive medicine 2021. link 58 Pluchart C, Barbe C, Poitevin G, Audonnet S, Nguyen P. A pilot study of procoagulant platelet extracellular vesicles and P-selectin increase during induction treatment in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia paediatric patients: two new biomarkers of thrombogenic risk?. Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis 2021. link 59 Marquez CP, Montiel-Esparza R, Hui C, Schultz LM, Davis KL, Hoppe RT et al.. Use of cardiac radiation therapy as bridging therapy to CAR-T for relapsed pediatric B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Pediatric blood & cancer 2021. link 60 . Drug Combo May Obviate Chemotherapy in ALL. Cancer discovery 2020. link 61 Inaba H, Pui CH. Intensive but tender care for infant ALL. Blood 2020. link 62 Fuster JL, Molinos-Quintana A, Fuentes C, Fernández JM, Velasco P, Pascual T et al.. Blinatumomab and inotuzumab for B cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in children: a retrospective study from the Leukemia Working Group of the Spanish Society of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology (SEHOP). British journal of haematology 2020. link 63 Felicetti F, Cento AS, Fornengo P, Cassader M, Mastrocola R, D'Ascenzo F et al.. Advanced glycation end products and chronic inflammation in adult survivors of childhood leukemia treated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Pediatric blood & cancer 2020. link 64 Sajith M, Pawar A, Bafna V, Bartakke S. High-dose methotrexate-induced fulminant hepatic failure and pancytopenia in an acute lymphoblastic leukaemia paediatric patient. European journal of hospital pharmacy : science and practice 2020. link 65 Bhunia N, Yeager ND, Colace SI, Buzzaco D, Bajwa RPS. Ocular hemorrhage secondary to thioguanine-associated veno-occlusive disease in a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in delayed intensification. Pediatric transplantation 2020. link 66 Scudiero L, Soriano F, Morici N, Grillo G, Belli O, Sacco A et al.. Allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation and accelerated atherosclerosis: An intriguing association needing targeted surveillance. Lessons from a rare case of acute anterior myocardial infarction. European heart journal. Acute cardiovascular care 2020. link 67 Güngör D, Nadaud P, Dreibelbis C, LaPergola CC, Wong YP, Terry N et al.. Infant milk-feeding practices and childhood leukemia: a systematic review. The American journal of clinical nutrition 2019. link 68 Acharya V, Kumar P. Detection of acute lymphoblastic leukemia using image segmentation and data mining algorithms. Medical & biological engineering & computing 2019. link 69 Bruzzi P, Bigi E, Predieri B, Bonvicini F, Cenciarelli V, Felici F et al.. Long-term effects on growth, development, and metabolism of ALL treatment in childhood. Expert review of endocrinology & metabolism 2019. link 70 Chen J, Ngo D, Aldoss I, Shayani S, Tsai NC, Pullarkat V. Antithrombin supplementation did not impact the incidence of pegylated asparaginase-induced venous thromboembolism in adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia & lymphoma 2019. link 71 Anastasopoulou S, Eriksson MA, Heyman M, Wang C, Niinimäki R, Mikkel S et al.. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Clinical characteristics, risk factors, course, and outcome of disease. Pediatric blood & cancer 2019. link 72 Greiner J, Schrappe M, Claviez A, Zimmermann M, Niemeyer C, Kolb R et al.. THROMBOTECT - a randomized study comparing low molecular weight heparin, antithrombin and unfractionated heparin for thromboprophylaxis during induction therapy of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children and adolescents. Haematologica 2019. link 73 Bhatt MD, Parmar N, Fowler JA, Chan AKC, Athale UH. Feasibility and safety of delivering full-dose anticoagulation therapy in children treated according to Dana-Farber Cancer Institute acute lymphoblastic leukemia consortium therapy protocols. Pediatric blood & cancer 2019. link 74 Christ TN, Stock W, Knoebel RW. Incidence of asparaginase-related hepatotoxicity, pancreatitis, and thrombotic events in adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with a pediatric-inspired regimen. Journal of oncology pharmacy practice : official publication of the International Society of Oncology Pharmacy Practitioners 2018. link 75 Sadurska E, Zaucha-Prażmo A, Brodzisz A, Kowalczyk J, Beń-Skowronek I. Premature atherosclerosis after treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia in childhood. Annals of agricultural and environmental medicine : AAEM 2018. link 76 Li J, Zhang W, Wang W, Jiang Y, Zhao S, Liu W et al.. Forty-nine cases of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia/lymphoma in pleural and pericardial effusions: A cytological-histological correlation. Cytopathology : official journal of the British Society for Clinical Cytology 2018. link 77 . ADC Approval Likely to Spur More Research. Cancer discovery 2017. link 78 Rozen L, Noubouossie D, Dedeken L, Huybrechts S, Lê PQ, Ferster A et al.. Different profile of thrombin generation in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia treated with native or pegylated asparaginase: A cohort study. Pediatric blood & cancer 2017. link 79 Hori H, Kudoh T, Nishimura S, Oda M, Yoshida M, Hara J et al.. Acute and late toxicities of pirarubicin in the treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: results from a clinical trial by the Japan Association of Childhood Leukemia Study. International journal of clinical oncology 2017. link 80 Giordano P, Muggeo P, Delvecchio M, Carbonara S, Romano A, Altomare M et al.. Endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular risk factors in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia survivors. International journal of cardiology 2017. link 81 Marcoux S, Drouin S, Laverdière C, Alos N, Andelfinger GU, Bertout L et al.. The PETALE study: Late adverse effects and biomarkers in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia survivors. Pediatric blood & cancer 2017. link 82 Hirabayashi K, Takatsuki M, Motobayashi M, Kurata T, Saito S, Shigemura T et al.. Nonocclusive Mesenteric Ischemia after Chemotherapy in an Adolescent Patient with a History of Three Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantations for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Pediatrics and neonatology 2017. link 83 Baranger L, Cuccuini W, Lefebvre C, Luquet I, Perot C, Radford I et al.. Cytogenetics in the management of children and adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL): an update by the Groupe francophone de cytogénétique hématologique (GFCH). Annales de biologie clinique 2016. link 84 Sinno MG, Rosen D, Wittler R. Concomitant Presentation of Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis and Posttransplant Lymphoproliferative Disease-Like Lymphoma in a Mildly Immunosuppressed Leukemia Patient: An Unusual Association. Pediatric blood & cancer 2016. link 85 Harris-Janz S, Johnston D, Halton J. Severe vitamin C deficiency in a child newly diagnosed with T-cell ALL due to nutrient gap. BMJ case reports 2016. link 86 Toft N, Birgens H, Abrahamsson J, Griškevičius L, Hallböök H, Heyman M et al.. Toxicity profile and treatment delays in NOPHO ALL2008-comparing adults and children with Philadelphia chromosome-negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia. European journal of haematology 2016. link 87 Aldoss I, Douer D, Behrendt CE, Chaudhary P, Mohrbacher A, Vrona J et al.. Toxicity profile of repeated doses of PEG-asparaginase incorporated into a pediatric-type regimen for adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia. European journal of haematology 2016. link 88 Krajinovic M, Elbared J, Drouin S, Bertout L, Rezgui A, Ansari M et al.. Polymorphisms of ABCC5 and NOS3 genes influence doxorubicin cardiotoxicity in survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The pharmacogenomics journal 2016. link 89 Asselin BL, Devidas M, Chen L, Franco VI, Pullen J, Borowitz MJ et al.. Cardioprotection and Safety of Dexrazoxane in Patients Treated for Newly Diagnosed T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia or Advanced-Stage Lymphoblastic Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Report of the Children's Oncology Group Randomized Trial Pediatric Oncology Group 9404. Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology 2016. link 90 Eden D, Hipkins R, Bradbury CA. Cerebral Thrombotic Complications Related to l-Asparaginase Treatment for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Retrospective Review of 10 Cases. Clinical and applied thrombosis/hemostasis : official journal of the International Academy of Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis 2016. link 91 Darvishi B, Farahmand L, Jalili N, Majidzadeh-A K. Blinatumomab provoked fatal heart failure. International immunopharmacology 2016. link 92 Werner RA, Rudelius M, Thurner A, Higuchi T, Lapa C. Cardiac Manifestation of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Clinical nuclear medicine 2016. link 93 Simpson RJ. Fitness deficits in long-term ALL survivors. Blood 2015. link 94 . Thiopurine Resistance in Childhood ALL Is Mediated by PRPS1 Mutations. Cancer discovery 2015. link 95 Thomas A. How can we improve on the already impressive results in pediatric ALL?. Hematology. American Society of Hematology. Education Program 2015. link 96 Löbel U, Trah J, Escherich G. Severe neurotoxicity following intrathecal methotrexate with nitrous oxide sedation in a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Pediatric blood & cancer 2015. link 97 Ranta S, Tuckuviene R, Mäkipernaa A, Albertsen BK, Frisk T, Tedgård U et al.. Cerebral sinus venous thromboses in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia - a multicentre study from the Nordic Society of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology. British journal of haematology 2015. link 98 De Stefano V, Za T, Ciminello A, Betti S, Rossi E. Haemostatic alterations induced by treatment with asparaginases and clinical consequences. Thrombosis and haemostasis 2015. link 99 Durum SK. IL-7 and TSLP receptors: twisted sisters. Blood 2014. link 100 Winick N. It takes a village. Blood 2014. link

Original source

[1]
Impact of treatment-induced thrombosis on the prognosis of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. — Mkhwanazi ZA, Fabunmi OA, Nkambule BB BMJ open (2026)
[2]
Successful Resolution of Compartment Syndrome in a Pediatric Patient With B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. — Vajdic T, Carlson PM, Busch M, Ross BJ, Olszewski D, McLaughlin D et al. Journal of pediatric hematology/oncology (2026)
[3]
Nonmyeloablative Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation With Postcyclophosphamide in a Case of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Complicated by Ventricular Septal Defect. — Tsutsumi Y, Ito S, Suzuki T, Kikuchi R, Aoyagi H, Gibo H et al. Transplantation proceedings (2026)
[4]
Prognostic value of HFA-ICOS risk assessment for cancer therapy-related cardiovascular toxicity in adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. — Valdovinos-Elizalde LE, Rios-Olais FA, Hernandez-Felix JH, Vasquez-Ortiz ZY, Demichelis-Gomez R Leukemia & lymphoma (2026)
[5]
Incidence of Hypertension During Induction Therapy in Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. — Karanam Y, Trehan A, Bansal D Indian pediatrics (2026)
[6]
Evaluation of the Cytomorphology, Immunophenotype, and Molecular Genetics of Lymphoblastic Lymphoma/Leukemia in Serous Effusion. — Cui W, Ding X, Liu J, Hu P, Ma S, Yang C et al. Acta cytologica (2026)
[7]
Acquired Submitral Aneurysm in an Adolescent with Relapse of B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and History of Multiple Systemic Infections: A Case Report. — Crilly CJ, Carvalho K, Winlaw DS, Cornicelli M Pediatric cardiology (2026)
[8]
Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Version 2.2025, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines In Oncology. — Inaba H, Teachey D, Annesley C, Batra S, Beck J, Colace S et al. Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN (2025)
[9]
Systematic Review of Pain Assessment Measures Used in Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. — Klages KL, Gibson CA, Barnett KA, Schwartz LE, Hicks CA, Norris RE et al. Psycho-oncology (2025)
[10]
Effectiveness of home-based exercise programs in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A systematic review. — Bılazer S, Kabak VY, Uysal SA Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer (2025)
[11]
Contributions of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology to the Diagnosis, Treatment, and Cure of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Part 2a (Numbers 11 to 15). — Miller DR Journal of pediatric hematology/oncology (2025)
[12]
Contributions of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology to the Diagnosis, Treatment, and Cure of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Part 2b (Numbers 16 to 20). — Miller DR Journal of pediatric hematology/oncology (2025)
[13]
Peds OncoTalk: A Curriculum to Teach Communication Skills to Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Fellows. — Mack MC, Claxton RN, Arnold RM, Maurer SH Pediatric blood & cancer (2025)
[14]
Safety evaluation of inotuzumab ozogamicin: a pharmacovigilance study based on the FAERS database. — Duan X, Deng Y, Li L, Yin Z, Yu L International journal of surgery (London, England) (2025)
[15]
Uncovering possible silent acquired long QT syndrome using exercise stress testing in long-term pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia survivors. — Harvey A, Caru M, Gonzalez Corcia C, Bertrand É, Gagné V, Dandekar S et al. International journal of cancer (2025)
[16]
Molecular signatures associated with venous thromboembolism in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. — Pelland-Marcotte MC, Belaktib A, Droit A, Remy MM, Clement JG, Bianco S et al. Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH (2025)
[17]
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Version 2.2024, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology. — Shah B, Mattison RJ, Abboud R, Abdelmessieh P, Aldoss I, Burke PW et al. Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN (2024)
[18]
Diagnosis, prognostic factors, and assessment of ALL in adults: 2024 ELN recommendations from a European expert panel. — Gökbuget N, Boissel N, Chiaretti S, Dombret H, Doubek M, Fielding A et al. Blood (2024)
[19]
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