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Pediatrics2 papers

Aprosencephaly

Last edited: 4/15/2026

Overview

Aprosencephaly is a severe congenital brain malformation characterized by the absence of the cerebral hemispheres, often accompanied by additional congenital anomalies such as preaxial limb defects and ambiguous genitalia, collectively referred to as XK aprosencephaly syndrome 1.

Diagnosis

  • Key Diagnostic Criteria: Absence of cerebral hemispheres (aprosencephaly), preaxial limb defects, and ambiguous genitalia 1.
  • Recommended Tests:
  • - Imaging: MRI or CT scan to confirm absence of cerebral hemispheres and assess associated brain malformations 1. - Cytogenetic Analysis: Karyotyping to identify chromosomal abnormalities, particularly mosaic r(13) or deletions involving chromosome 13 2.

    Management

  • First-Line Treatments:
  • - Supportive care focusing on respiratory and nutritional support 1.
  • Adjunctive Treatments:
  • - Management of associated anomalies (e.g., limb defects, ambiguous genitalia) may require surgical intervention 1. - Genetic counseling for families due to potential chromosomal etiology 2.

    Special Populations

  • Pregnancy: Prenatal diagnosis through advanced imaging techniques can identify aprosencephaly, aiding in parental counseling 1.
  • Pediatrics: Early multidisciplinary approach involving neonatologists, neurosurgeons, and geneticists is crucial 1.
  • Key Recommendations

  • Perform MRI or CT scans for definitive diagnosis of aprosencephaly and associated brain malformations (Evidence: Moderate 1).
  • Conduct karyotyping to evaluate for chromosomal abnormalities, particularly mosaic r(13) or deletions on chromosome 13, to guide genetic counseling (Evidence: Moderate 2).
  • Provide comprehensive supportive care tailored to respiratory and nutritional needs, with surgical interventions considered for associated congenital anomalies (Evidence: Expert opinion 1).
  • References

    1 al-Gazali LI, Bakalinova D, Bakir M, Nath KN. XK aprosencephaly. Clinical dysmorphology 1998. link 2 Goldsmith CL, Tawagi GF, Carpenter BF, Speevak MD, Hunter AG. Mosaic r(13) in an infant with aprosencephaly. American journal of medical genetics 1993. link

    Original source

    1. [1]
      XK aprosencephaly.al-Gazali LI, Bakalinova D, Bakir M, Nath KN Clinical dysmorphology (1998)
    2. [2]
      Mosaic r(13) in an infant with aprosencephaly.Goldsmith CL, Tawagi GF, Carpenter BF, Speevak MD, Hunter AG American journal of medical genetics (1993)

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