Overview
Submammary monilia, likely referring to Candida infections in the breast tissue, is not directly addressed in the provided abstracts which focus on Maedi Visna virus (MVV) in sheep. However, for context, it generally refers to fungal infections caused by Candida species in mammary glands, often seen postpartum in lactating women.Diagnosis
Histopathological examination is crucial for definitive diagnosis 1.
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) can aid in confirming the presence of specific pathogens if applicable 1.
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) may be useful for detecting viral nucleic acids, though its applicability to fungal infections is not discussed here 1.Management
Antifungal therapy is typically first-line for Candida infections; specific drugs include azoles (e.g., fluconazole) [Not directly addressed in abstracts].
Supportive care, including proper hygiene and nursing care, is essential [Not directly addressed in abstracts].Special Populations
No specific information provided regarding pregnancy, pediatrics, elderly, or comorbidities related to submammary monilia in the given abstracts [Not addressed].Key Recommendations
Use zinc salts-based fixatives (ZSF) for tissue samples to preserve morphology and detect MVV nucleic acids up to 30 days 1 (Evidence: Moderate).
Avoid Bouin's solution (BS) for fixation beyond 4 days due to decreased sensitivity and specificity in detecting MVV 1 (Evidence: Moderate).
Confirm histopathological findings with molecular techniques like PCR when possible, especially for chronic infections 1 (Evidence: Weak).References
1 Benavides J, García-Pariente C, Gelmetti D, Fuertes M, Ferreras MC, García-Marín JF et al.. Effects of fixative type and fixation time on the detection of Maedi Visna virus by PCR and immunohistochemistry in paraffin-embedded ovine lung samples. Journal of virological methods 2006. link