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Urology29 papers

Bacterial prostatitis

Last edited: 4/10/2026

Overview

Bacterial prostatitis is an inflammation of the prostate gland caused by bacteria. Alterations in urinary microbiota composition have been associated with various prostatic diseases, including chronic prostatitis 1.

Diagnosis

  • Urinary microbiota composition may differ in patients with chronic prostatitis (CP) compared to controls, with a higher diversity and a tendency towards aerobic microorganisms influencing symptom severity 1.
  • Management

  • Acupuncture and moxibustion are being investigated as a combined therapy for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) compared to conventional western medicine 2.
  • Outcomes assessed in studies include International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), post-voiding residual urine volume, maximum flow rate (Qmax), and average flow rate (Qave) 2.
  • Key Recommendations

  • Urinary microbiota is implicated in prostatic diseases, including chronic prostatitis 1. (Evidence: Moderate)
  • A randomized controlled trial is investigating the therapeutic effect of combined acupuncture and moxa combustion versus conventional western medicine for benign prostatic hyperplasia 2. (Evidence: Expert opinion)
  • References

    1 Mjaess G, Karam A, Roumeguère T, Diamand R, Aoun F, McVary K et al.. Urinary microbiota and prostatic diseases: the key for the lock? A systematic review. Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases 2023. link 2 Bo H, Peng J, Zhuang M, Qiu W, Yu Q, Yao Q et al.. Therapeutic effect of acupuncture and moxa combustion on prostate hyperplasia. Medicine 2022. link

    Original source

    1. [1]
      Urinary microbiota and prostatic diseases: the key for the lock? A systematic review.Mjaess G, Karam A, Roumeguère T, Diamand R, Aoun F, McVary K et al. Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases (2023)
    2. [2]
      Therapeutic effect of acupuncture and moxa combustion on prostate hyperplasia.Bo H, Peng J, Zhuang M, Qiu W, Yu Q, Yao Q et al. Medicine (2022)

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