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Endocrinology5431 papers

Secondary infertility

Last edited: 4/23/2026

Overview

Secondary infertility refers to the inability to conceive or carry a pregnancy to term following a previous successful pregnancy. It can result from various factors including underlying medical conditions, previous reproductive surgeries, or complications from prior pregnancies. 3 24

Diagnosis

Comprehensive medical history including previous fertility treatments and outcomes.

Physical examination focusing on reproductive organs and signs of underlying conditions.

Semen analysis to evaluate male factor infertility.

Ovarian reserve testing (AMH, FSH levels) to assess female fertility potential.

Imaging studies (ultrasound, HSG) to evaluate uterine and fallopian tube health.

Hormonal assessments (LH, estradiol, progesterone) to identify hormonal imbalances. 2 3 18 24

Management

First-line treatments:

- Ovulation induction: Clomiphene citrate, letrozole, or FSH analogs. - Intrauterine insemination (IUI): In cases of mild male factor or cervical factor infertility.

Advanced treatments:

- In vitro fertilization (IVF): Including preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) as indicated. - Assisted hatching or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) for specific indications.

Addressing underlying conditions: Varicocelectomy for male factor, surgical correction for tubal factors.

Lifestyle modifications: Weight management, cessation of harmful habits (smoking, alcohol).

Hormonal therapy: Adjustments based on specific deficiencies identified (e.g., thyroid function optimization). 13 24 30 50 60

Special Populations

Pregnancy: Women with secondary infertility undergoing IVF may benefit from single embryo transfer to reduce multiple gestation risks. (Evidence: Moderate 8 13)

Comorbidities: Thyroid function optimization is crucial in women with luteal phase deficiency or other endocrine disorders. (Evidence: Moderate 50)

Elderly: Women aged 35 and older may require more aggressive management due to declining ovarian reserve, including earlier consideration of IVF with donor eggs. (Evidence: Moderate 20)

Key Recommendations

Consider comprehensive evaluation including ovarian reserve testing and semen analysis to identify underlying causes of secondary infertility. (Evidence: Moderate 2 18)

Utilize IVF with tailored embryo transfer strategies based on maternal age and clinical factors to optimize outcomes. (Evidence: Moderate 8 13)

Optimize thyroid function and address hormonal imbalances in women with luteal phase deficiency or other endocrine issues. (Evidence: Moderate 50)

Implement lifestyle modifications such as weight management and cessation of smoking/alcohol to improve fertility outcomes. (Evidence: Expert opinion)

References

Showing 100 most recent of 349 indexed papers.

1 van Haaps AP, Schreurs AMF, Rosielle K, Mijatovic V, Kallewaard JW, Dreyer K. No anxiety or pain reduction by Virtual Reality during oocyte retrieval in IVF/ICSI treatment: results of a randomized controlled trial. Human reproduction (Oxford, England) 2026. link 2 Erbatu O, Albaz A, Bilmis M, Ucer O, Temeltas G, Muezzinoglu T. Predictive Value of Vein Diameter Threshold and Clinical Factors in Semen Quality Improvement after Varicocelectomy. Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP 2026. link 3 Huang D, Song Y, Qin J, Wong R, Durgana C, Adeleye A et al.. Reappraisal of adverse obstetric outcomes independently associated with contemporary fertility treatment practices: a US prospective cohort study. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology 2026. link 4 Lew AM, Cromack SC, Walter JR, Cedars MI, Hipp HS, Kawwass JF et al.. Career trends after fellowship: the rising tide of private equity and the ebb of academic medicine in fertility care. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology 2025. link 5 Topcu EG, Tsiapakidou S, Ubom AE, Roy P, Ruiloba Portilla FJ, Mocanu E. A global survey on reproductive endocrinology and infertility training and care services. International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics 2025. link 6 Waggener K, Wolff D, Snipes M, Tranchina S, Yi X, Boaretto D et al.. Microsurgical Education in Reproductive Urology: A Review of Current Techniques and Opportunities for Improved Access to Learning Experiences. Urology 2025. link 7 . Infertility: Disparities and Access to Services: ACOG Committee Statement No. 14. Obstetrics and gynecology 2025. link 8 Chang CT, Weng SF, Chuang HY, Hsu CY, Tsai EM. Impact of embryo transfer strategies on children health outcomes: a retrospective national cohort study in Taiwan. Frontiers in endocrinology 2025. link 9 Ng CSM, Tong PYW, Wong E, Cheng HHY, Ko JKY, Li RHW et al.. Randomized controlled study on the use of virtual reality for pain relief in oocyte retrieval under transvaginal ultrasound guidance using paracervical block and conscious sedation. Human reproduction (Oxford, England) 2025. link 10 Yang Y, Cui Z, Feng X, Zou F, Wu X. Post-marketing safety profile of ganirelix in women: a 20-year pharmacovigilance analysis of global adverse drug event databases (2004-2024). BMC pharmacology & toxicology 2025. link 11 Kizilkan Y, Duran MB, Kayra MV, Sahin B, Toksoz S, Gultekin MH et al.. The effects of microsurgical varicocelectomy performed for infertility on premature ejaculation. International urology and nephrology 2025. link 12 . Fertility drugs and cancer: a guideline. Fertility and sterility 2024. link 13 Alteri A, Arroyo G, Baccino G, Craciunas L, De Geyter C, Ebner T et al.. ESHRE guideline: number of embryos to transfer during IVF/ICSI†. Human reproduction (Oxford, England) 2024. link 14 Jouannet P, Claris O, Le Bouc Y. [Medium and long-term health outcome of children conceived through in vitro fertilization]. La Revue du praticien 2024. link 15 Dos Santos ER, de Gouvêa AR, Castro NAASR, Souza Menezes JD, Querino da Silva M, Cristóvão HLG et al.. Trends, outcomes and knowledge gaps in mobile apps for reproductive endocrinology and infertility: a scoping review protocol. BMJ open 2024. link 16 Letterie G. GYNs at the REI gates: unsolvable conundrum or unambiguous opportunity?. Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics 2024. link 17 Walker Z, Markert T, Berzansky I, Lanes A, Srouji SS. Social media's impact on patient provider choice. Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics 2024. link 18 Aase DA, Miller C, Weaver A, Li Y, Zhao Y, Babayev SN. Outcomes of oocyte retrievals completed by reproductive endocrinology and infertility fellows versus faculty: a 7-year retrospective review. Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics 2024. link 19 Matsumoto N, Mitsui T, Kadowaki T, Mitsuhashi T, Hirota T, Masuyama H et al.. In vitro fertilization and long-term child health and development: nationwide birth cohort study in Japan. European journal of pediatrics 2024. link 20 Kuzmichev KA, Tyumina OV. [The impact of health of mothers on health of children delivered by women 35-45 age old after application of auxiliary reproductive technologies]. Problemy sotsial'noi gigieny, zdravookhraneniia i istorii meditsiny 2024. link 21 Ross M, Corpin A, Priebe AM, Lawson A. IUD Insertion Under Conscious Sedation: Patient Characteristics with Clinical Decisions. Journal of pediatric and adolescent gynecology 2024. link 22 Holt R, Yahyavi SK, Kooij I, Poulsen NN, Juul A, Jørgensen N et al.. Effects of vitamin D on sex steroids, luteinizing hormone, and testosterone to luteinizing hormone ratio in 307 infertile men. Andrology 2024. link 23 Pakpahan C, Rezano A, Margiana R, Amanda B, Agustinus A, Darmadi D. The Association Between Lipid Serum and Semen Parameters: a Systematic Review. Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) 2023. link 24 Hariton E, Alvero R, Hill MJ, Mersereau JE, Perman S, Sable D et al.. Meeting the demand for fertility services: the present and future of reproductive endocrinology and infertility in the United States. Fertility and sterility 2023. link 25 Tarlatzis BC, Milapidou M. Challenges in medically assisted reproduction - Ethics, law and society: An invited scientific review by the European Board and College of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (EBCOG). European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology 2023. link 26 Ozmen S, Tola EN, Karahasanoğlu A. Obstetrics and perinatal outcomes between elective single versus double blastocyst transfer in women younger than 35 years: A cross-sectional study. Journal of gynecology obstetrics and human reproduction 2023. link 27 Ginström Ernstad E, Hanson C, Wånggren K, Thurin-Kjellberg A, Hulthe Söderberg C, Syk Lundberg E et al.. Preimplantation genetic testing and child health: a national register-based study. Human reproduction (Oxford, England) 2023. link 28 Eller ABP, Ejzenberg D, Monteleone PAA, Soares JM, Baracat EC. Vitamin D and in vitro fertilization: a systematic review. Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics 2023. link 29 Luo R, Wang J, Yang Y, Xu C, Yang M, Zhu D et al.. The role of serum vitamin D in patients with normal ovarian reserve undergoing the first IVF/ICSI cycle. Frontiers in endocrinology 2023. link 30 Alam F, Shahid M, Riffat S, Zulkipli IN, Syed F, Ashraf M et al.. SIRT1 and antioxidants in infertile females: Exploration of the role of vitamin D. PloS one 2023. link 31 Hasan HA, Barber TM, Cheaib S, Coussa A. Preconception Vitamin D Level and In Vitro Fertilization: Pregnancy Outcome. Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists 2023. link 32 Simpson S, Pal L. Vitamin D and infertility. Current opinion in obstetrics & gynecology 2023. link 33 Maaherra Armstrong P, Augustin H, Bärebring L, Osmancevic A, Bullarbo M, Thurin-Kjellberg A et al.. Prevalence of Vitamin D Insufficiency and Its Determinants among Women Undergoing In Vitro Fertilization Treatment for Infertility in Sweden. Nutrients 2023. link 34 Morshed-Behbahani B, Doryanizadeh L, Shahali S, Shahabi S, Montazeri A. Effect of and the association between vitamin D and outcomes of assisted reproductive techniques among infertile men and women: protocol for an overview of systematic reviews and meta-analysis. BMJ open 2023. link 35 Lumme J, Morin-Papunen L, Pesonen P, Sebert S, Hyppönen E, Järvelin MR et al.. Vitamin D Status in Women with a History of Infertility and Decreased Fecundability: A Population-Based Study. Nutrients 2023. link 36 Dialameh H, Namdari F, Nazarpour MJ, Gouravani M, Mahalleh M, Bahoush M et al.. Comparison of spermatic and peripheral blood gases and their correlation with spermogram pattern and varicocele grade in patients with a varicocele. Human fertility (Cambridge, England) 2023. link 37 Ghidei L, Frishman GN. Training for the future. Current opinion in obstetrics & gynecology 2022. link 38 Lindheim SR, Hammer KC, Flyckt RLR, Petrozza JC. TEAM(ing): together each achiev(ing) more!. Fertility and sterility 2022. link 39 Coyne KD, Chung RK, Flyckt R, Petrozza JC, Lindheim SR. On the shoulders of giants: perspectives in minimally invasive reproductive surgery. Fertility and sterility 2022. link 40 Stadtmauer L, Sadek S, Richter KS, Amato P, Hurst BS. Changing gender gap and practice patterns in reproductive endocrinology and infertility subspecialists in the United States: a Society for Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility report. Fertility and sterility 2022. link 41 Zhang Y, Zhao W, Han Y, Chen X, Xu S, Hu Y et al.. The follicular-phase depot GnRH agonist protocol results in a higher live birth rate without discernible differences in luteal function and child health versus the daily mid-luteal GnRH agonist protocol: a single-centre, retrospective, propensity score matched cohort study. Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E 2022. link 42 Yin J, Cao Y, Liang C, Peng X, Xu X, Zhou W et al.. Cohort profile: Anhui Maternal-Child Health Study in China. BMJ open 2022. link 43 Choi SKY, Venetis C, Ledger W, Havard A, Harris K, Norman RJ et al.. Population-wide contribution of medically assisted reproductive technologies to overall births in Australia: temporal trends and parental characteristics. Human reproduction (Oxford, England) 2022. link 44 Nandeibam Y, Joseph T, Antonisamy B, Kamath MS, Kunjummen AT. Effectiveness of music therapy as an adjuvant to conscious sedation in women undergoing transvaginal oocyte retrieval: A randomized controlled trial. The journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research 2022. link 45 Huguet M, Beliveau A, Taylor SL, Aizenberg DA. Pregnancy and Fertility Trends Among Female Otolaryngologists. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2022. link 46 Grzeczka A, Graczyk S, Skowronska A, Skowronski MT, Kordowitzki P. Relevance of Vitamin D and Its Deficiency for the Ovarian Follicle and the Oocyte: An Update. Nutrients 2022. link 47 Iliuta F, Pijoan JI, Lainz L, Exposito A, Matorras R. Women's vitamin D levels and IVF results: a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis, considering three categories of vitamin status (replete, insufficient and deficient). Human fertility (Cambridge, England) 2022. link 48 Pouriayevali F, Tavalaee M, Taktaz-Hafshejani T, Dattilio M, Nasr-Esfahani MH. Overlapping sperm damages from vitamin B or D deficiency in mice: Insights into the role of clinical supplementations. Andrologia 2022. link 49 Di Renzo L, De Lorenzo A, Fontanari M, Gualtieri P, Monsignore D, Schifano G et al.. Immunonutrients involved in the regulation of the inflammatory and oxidative processes: implication for gamete competence. Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics 2022. link 50 Schlegel PN, Sigman M, Collura B, De Jonge CJ, Eisenberg ML, Lamb DJ et al.. Diagnosis and treatment of infertility in men: AUA/ASRM guideline part II. Fertility and sterility 2021. link 51 . Diagnosis and treatment of luteal phase deficiency: a committee opinion. Fertility and sterility 2021. link 52 Peyser A, Abittan B, Mullin C, Goldman RH. A content and quality evaluation of ACGME-accredited reproductive endocrinology and infertility fellowship program webpages. Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics 2021. link 53 Ghosh P, Hafeez N, Sanfilippo J. Basics of practice management: managing many for the care of one. Fertility and sterility 2021. link 54 Hariton E, Raker CA, Frishman GN, Feinberg EC. Perceptions and lessons from web-based interviews for the reproductive endocrinology and infertility fellowship application cycle. Fertility and sterility 2021. link 55 Corroenne R, Legendre G, Riethmuller D, El-Hachem H, Zhu KH, Dreux C et al.. Benefits of an oocyte pickup simulation training program using a high-fidelity simulator (PickUpSim. Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology : the journal of the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 2021. link 56 Wiltshire A, Jackson-Bey T, Walker Z, Chiang JL, MacLennan PA, Gunn D et al.. To treat or not to treat: perceptions of the initial American Society for Reproductive Medicine COVID-19 recommendations among women's health providers. Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics 2021. link 57 Schwartz KM, Martin CE, Hipp HS, Kawwass JF. Pregnancy and Fertility Concerns: A Survey of United States Obstetrics and Gynecology Residents. Maternal and child health journal 2021. link 58 Lewis S, Amor DJ, Glynn A, Wilton L, Halliday J. Child health after preimplantation genetic testing. Reproductive biomedicine online 2021. link 59 Cirillo M, Fucci R, Rubini S, Coccia ME, Fatini C. 5-Methyltetrahydrofolate and Vitamin B12 Supplementation Is Associated with Clinical Pregnancy and Live Birth in Women Undergoing Assisted Reproductive Technology. International journal of environmental research and public health 2021. link 60 Kuroda K, Matsumura Y, Ikemoto Y, Segawa T, Hashimoto T, Fukuda J et al.. Analysis of the risk factors and treatment for repeated implantation failure: OPtimization of Thyroid function, IMmunity, and Uterine Milieu (OPTIMUM) treatment strategy. American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) 2021. link 61 Skoracka K, Ratajczak AE, Rychter AM, Dobrowolska A, Krela-Kaźmierczak I. Female Fertility and the Nutritional Approach: The Most Essential Aspects. Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) 2021. link 62 Cirillo M, Coccia ME, Attanasio M, Fatini C. Homocysteine, vitamin B status and MTHFR polymorphisms in Italian infertile women. European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology 2021. link 63 Somigliana E, Sarais V, Reschini M, Ferrari S, Makieva S, Cermisoni GC et al.. Single oral dose of vitamin D. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology 2021. link 64 Esteves SC, Zini A, Coward RM, Evenson DP, Gosálvez J, Lewis SEM et al.. Sperm DNA fragmentation testing: Summary evidence and clinical practice recommendations. Andrologia 2021. link 65 Layman LC, Feinberg EC, Hurst BS, Morin SJ, Morris JL, Pisarska MD et al.. Academic pursuits in board-certified reproductive endocrinologists. Fertility and sterility 2020. link 66 Pavlovic ZJ, Sax MR, Kim AS, DeCherney AH. Altered evolution: are reproductive endocrinology and infertility specialists ready for the genetically engineered future?. Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics 2020. link 67 Cheng PJ, Tanrikut C. The Role of the Urologist in a Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility Practice. The Urologic clinics of North America 2020. link 68 Cruz Navarro N. The value of andrology medical-surgical training programs for Urology residents. Actas urologicas espanolas 2020. link 69 von Wolff M, Haaf T. In Vitro Fertilization Technology and Child Health. Deutsches Arzteblatt international 2020. link 70 Lai SF, Lam MT, Li HWR, Ng EHY. A randomized double-blinded non-inferiority trial comparing fentanyl and midazolam with pethidine and diazepam for pain relief during oocyte retrieval. Reproductive biomedicine online 2020. link 71 Yang X, Zhu L, Le F, Lou H, Zhao W, Pan P et al.. Proximal Fallopian Tubal Embolization by Interventional Radiology prior to Embryo Transfer in Infertile Patients with Hydrosalpinx: A Prospective Study of an Off-label Treatment. Journal of minimally invasive gynecology 2020. link 72 Mostafa T, Nabil N, Rashed L, Abo-Sief AF, Eissa HH. Seminal SIRT1-oxidative stress relationship in infertile oligoasthenoteratozoospermic men with varicocele after its surgical repair. Andrologia 2020. link 73 Stentz NC, Koelper N, Barnhart KT, Sammel MD, Senapati S. Infertility and mortality. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology 2020. link 74 Bellver J, Donnez J. Introduction: Infertility etiology and offspring health. Fertility and sterility 2019. link 75 Raff M, DeCherney A. Reproductive surgery and in vitro fertilization: the future reevaluated. Fertility and sterility 2019. link 76 Ceccaldi PF, Pirtea P, Lemarteleur V, Poulain M, Ziegler D, Ayoubi JM. Simulation and professional development: added value of 3D modelization in reproductive endocrinology and infertility and assisted reproductive technologies teamwork. Gynecological endocrinology : the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology 2019. link 77 Inal ZO, Inal HA, Altunkeser A, Alkan E, Arslan FZ. Hysterosalpingographic Findings of Infertile Patients Presenting to Our Reproductive Endocrinology Department: Analysis of 1,996 Cases. Current medical imaging reviews 2019. link 78 Nassiri N, English M, Lashkari N, Wei J, Samplaski MK. Reproductive Urologist and Gynecologist Involvement in Postvasectomy Sperm Retrieval Procedures at American Fertility Clinics. Urology 2019. link 79 Chan YM, Li TC, Poon LCY. Impact of preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy on obstetrical practice. Current opinion in obstetrics & gynecology 2019. link 80 Robertson P, Pontré J, Tucker P, Hart R. Are obstetric and gynaecological trainees in Australia and New Zealand adequately trained in the management of the infertile couple?. The Australian & New Zealand journal of obstetrics & gynaecology 2019. link 81 Pisarska MD, Chan JL, Lawrenson K, Gonzalez TL, Wang ET. Genetics and Epigenetics of Infertility and Treatments on Outcomes. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 2019. link 82 Mintjens S, Menting MD, Gemke RJBJ, van Poppel MNM, van Wely M, Bensdorp AJ et al.. The effects of intrauterine insemination and single embryo transfer or modified natural cycle in vitro fertilization on offspring's health-Follow-up of a randomized clinical trial. European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology 2019. link 83 Cuervo-Arango J, Claes AN, Stout TAE. Mare and stallion effects on blastocyst production in a commercial equine ovum pick-up-intracytoplasmic sperm injection program. Reproduction, fertility, and development 2019. link 84 Wong QHY, Lui MW, Yung SSF, Ko JKY, Li RHW, Ng EHY. Randomized controlled trial of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for pain relief during transvaginal oocyte retrieval using conscious sedation: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2019. link 85 Guasch E, Gómez R, Brogly N, Gilsanz F. Anesthesia and analgesia for transvaginal oocyte retrieval. Should we recommend or avoid any anesthetic drug or technique?. Current opinion in anaesthesiology 2019. link 86 Chu J, Gallos I, Tobias A, Robinson L, Kirkman-Brown J, Dhillon-Smith R et al.. Vitamin D and assisted reproductive treatment outcome: a prospective cohort study. Reproductive health 2019. link 87 Abramova N, Hubbard J, Schertz J, Richter E. Safety of Follitropin Alfa/Lutropin Alfa for Stimulation of Follicular Development. Drug safety 2019. link 88 Al-Mohammady AA, El-Sherbiny AF, Mehaney AB, Ghobara YA. Varicocele repair in patients prepared for intracytoplasmic sperm injection: To do or not to do?. Andrologia 2019. link 89 Santos-Ribeiro S, Mackens S, Racca A, Blockeel C. Towards complication-free assisted reproduction technology. Best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism 2019. link 90 Balasubramanian A, Thirumavalavan N, Scovell JM, Lo J, Ji B, Godfrey EL et al.. An Infertile Couple's Long and Expensive Path to Varicocele Repair. Urology 2019. link 91 Moenter SM. GnRH Neurons on LSD: A Year of Rejecting Hypotheses That May Have Made Karl Popper Proud. Endocrinology 2018. link 92 Li HWR, Tank J, Haththotuwa R. Updated status of assisted reproductive technology activities in the Asia-Oceania region. The journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research 2018. link 93 Morue HI, Raj-Lawrence S, Saxena S, Delbaere A, Engelman E, Barvais LA. Placebo versus low-dose ketamine infusion in addition to remifentanil target-controlled infusion for conscious sedation during oocyte retrieval: A double-blinded, randomised controlled trial. European journal of anaesthesiology 2018. link 94 Kwan I, Wang R, Pearce E, Bhattacharya S. Pain relief for women undergoing oocyte retrieval for assisted reproduction. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews 2018. link 95 Gaskins AJ, Chavarro JE. Diet and fertility: a review. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology 2018. link 96 Sun XL, Wang JL, Peng YP, Gao QQ, Song T, Yu W et al.. Bilateral is superior to unilateral varicocelectomy in infertile males with left clinical and right subclinical varicocele: a prospective randomized controlled study. International urology and nephrology 2018. link 97 Schauer I, Mohamad Al-Ali B. Combined effects of varicocele and cell phones on semen and hormonal parameters. Wiener klinische Wochenschrift 2018. link 98 Mahany EB, Randolph JF. Biochemical and Imaging Diagnostics in Endocrinology: Predictors of Fertility. Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America 2017. link 99 Shaia KL, Farag S, Chyjek K, Knopman J, Chen KT. An Evaluation of Mobile Applications for Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility Providers. Telemedicine journal and e-health : the official journal of the American Telemedicine Association 2017. link 100 Kaser DJ. On developing a thesis for Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility fellowship: a case study of ultra-low (2%) oxygen tension for extended culture of human embryos. Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics 2017. link

Original source

[1]
No anxiety or pain reduction by Virtual Reality during oocyte retrieval in IVF/ICSI treatment: results of a randomized controlled trial. — van Haaps AP, Schreurs AMF, Rosielle K, Mijatovic V, Kallewaard JW, Dreyer K Human reproduction (Oxford, England) (2026)
[2]
Predictive Value of Vein Diameter Threshold and Clinical Factors in Semen Quality Improvement after Varicocelectomy. — Erbatu O, Albaz A, Bilmis M, Ucer O, Temeltas G, Muezzinoglu T Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP (2026)
[3]
Reappraisal of adverse obstetric outcomes independently associated with contemporary fertility treatment practices: a US prospective cohort study. — Huang D, Song Y, Qin J, Wong R, Durgana C, Adeleye A et al. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology (2026)
[4]
Career trends after fellowship: the rising tide of private equity and the ebb of academic medicine in fertility care. — Lew AM, Cromack SC, Walter JR, Cedars MI, Hipp HS, Kawwass JF et al. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology (2025)
[5]
A global survey on reproductive endocrinology and infertility training and care services. — Topcu EG, Tsiapakidou S, Ubom AE, Roy P, Ruiloba Portilla FJ, Mocanu E International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (2025)
[6]
Microsurgical Education in Reproductive Urology: A Review of Current Techniques and Opportunities for Improved Access to Learning Experiences. — Waggener K, Wolff D, Snipes M, Tranchina S, Yi X, Boaretto D et al. Urology (2025)
[7]
Infertility: Disparities and Access to Services: ACOG Committee Statement No. 14. Obstetrics and gynecology (2025)
[8]
Impact of embryo transfer strategies on children health outcomes: a retrospective national cohort study in Taiwan. — Chang CT, Weng SF, Chuang HY, Hsu CY, Tsai EM Frontiers in endocrinology (2025)
[9]
Randomized controlled study on the use of virtual reality for pain relief in oocyte retrieval under transvaginal ultrasound guidance using paracervical block and conscious sedation. — Ng CSM, Tong PYW, Wong E, Cheng HHY, Ko JKY, Li RHW et al. Human reproduction (Oxford, England) (2025)
[10]
Post-marketing safety profile of ganirelix in women: a 20-year pharmacovigilance analysis of global adverse drug event databases (2004-2024). — Yang Y, Cui Z, Feng X, Zou F, Wu X BMC pharmacology & toxicology (2025)
[11]
The effects of microsurgical varicocelectomy performed for infertility on premature ejaculation. — Kizilkan Y, Duran MB, Kayra MV, Sahin B, Toksoz S, Gultekin MH et al. International urology and nephrology (2025)
[12]
Fertility drugs and cancer: a guideline. Fertility and sterility (2024)
[13]
ESHRE guideline: number of embryos to transfer during IVF/ICSI†. — Alteri A, Arroyo G, Baccino G, Craciunas L, De Geyter C, Ebner T et al. Human reproduction (Oxford, England) (2024)
[14]
[Medium and long-term health outcome of children conceived through in vitro fertilization]. — Jouannet P, Claris O, Le Bouc Y La Revue du praticien (2024)
[15]
Trends, outcomes and knowledge gaps in mobile apps for reproductive endocrinology and infertility: a scoping review protocol. — Dos Santos ER, de Gouvêa AR, Castro NAASR, Souza Menezes JD, Querino da Silva M, Cristóvão HLG et al. BMJ open (2024)
[16]
GYNs at the REI gates: unsolvable conundrum or unambiguous opportunity? — Letterie G Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics (2024)
[17]
Social media's impact on patient provider choice. — Walker Z, Markert T, Berzansky I, Lanes A, Srouji SS Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics (2024)
[18]
Outcomes of oocyte retrievals completed by reproductive endocrinology and infertility fellows versus faculty: a 7-year retrospective review. — Aase DA, Miller C, Weaver A, Li Y, Zhao Y, Babayev SN Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics (2024)
[19]
In vitro fertilization and long-term child health and development: nationwide birth cohort study in Japan. — Matsumoto N, Mitsui T, Kadowaki T, Mitsuhashi T, Hirota T, Masuyama H et al. European journal of pediatrics (2024)
[20]
[The impact of health of mothers on health of children delivered by women 35-45 age old after application of auxiliary reproductive technologies]. — Kuzmichev KA, Tyumina OV Problemy sotsial'noi gigieny, zdravookhraneniia i istorii meditsiny (2024)
[21]
IUD Insertion Under Conscious Sedation: Patient Characteristics with Clinical Decisions. — Ross M, Corpin A, Priebe AM, Lawson A Journal of pediatric and adolescent gynecology (2024)
[22]
Effects of vitamin D on sex steroids, luteinizing hormone, and testosterone to luteinizing hormone ratio in 307 infertile men. — Holt R, Yahyavi SK, Kooij I, Poulsen NN, Juul A, Jørgensen N et al. Andrology (2024)
[23]
The Association Between Lipid Serum and Semen Parameters: a Systematic Review. — Pakpahan C, Rezano A, Margiana R, Amanda B, Agustinus A, Darmadi D Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) (2023)
[24]
Meeting the demand for fertility services: the present and future of reproductive endocrinology and infertility in the United States. — Hariton E, Alvero R, Hill MJ, Mersereau JE, Perman S, Sable D et al. Fertility and sterility (2023)
[25]
Challenges in medically assisted reproduction - Ethics, law and society: An invited scientific review by the European Board and College of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (EBCOG). — Tarlatzis BC, Milapidou M European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology (2023)
[26]
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