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Cardiology3949 papers

Premature beats

Last edited: 28 days ago

Overview

Premature beats, also known as premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) or extrasystoles, are ectopic heartbeats originating from the ventricles that occur earlier than the next expected normal beat, potentially impacting cardiac rhythm and function in neonates, particularly preterm infants.

Diagnosis

Holter Monitoring: Essential for detecting extrasystoles over a 24-hour period 5.

Electrocardiogram (ECG): Useful for identifying PVCs during clinical assessment 5.

Grading: Typically not formally graded but frequency and clinical impact are considered 5.

Management

Observation: Often initial approach, monitoring for clinical significance 5.

Supportive Care: Focus on managing underlying conditions that may trigger PVCs 5.

Pharmacological Interventions: Specific drug classes not extensively detailed in abstracts; general supportive care emphasized 5.

Special Populations

Preterm Infants: Increased vulnerability to cardiovascular complications; monitoring crucial 5 15 20.

Comorbidities: Conditions like patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) may influence management strategies 7 17 21.

Key Recommendations

Regular Monitoring with Holter Monitoring: Essential for preterm infants to detect extrasystoles and assess their impact 5. (Evidence: Moderate)

Focus on Underlying Condition Management: Addressing and treating underlying health issues can mitigate PVCs 5. (Evidence: Moderate)

Consider Cardiovascular Impact in Clinical Assessments: Given the vulnerability of preterm infants, cardiovascular monitoring should be integrated into routine care 5 15 20. (Evidence: Expert opinion)

References

Showing 100 most recent of 761 indexed papers.

1 Efendi D, Kang YN, Natalia R, Milanti A, Marsubrin PMT, Kustanti CY et al.. The comparative efficacy and safety of sweet solutions to reduce preterm infants' pain levels: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Systematic reviews 2026. link 2 Dani C, Remaschi G, Ulivi M, Monti N, Pratesi S. Fetal hemoglobin fraction is correlated to the risk of prematurity complications. The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians 2026. link 3 Adeshina O, Menon TP, Ambekar A, Tanchanco C, Darden J. Exploring the neurological impact of prematurity: Shared mechanisms in periventricular leukomalacia (PVL), intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), and hydrocephalus. Early human development 2026. link 4 Fossmark MO, Xydis VG, Argyropoulou MI, Astrakas LG, Bakøy H, Bentsen M et al.. Ventricular size on term magnetic resonance imaging in extremely preterm infants with and without germinal matrix-intraventricular haemorrhage. Pediatric radiology 2026. link 5 Uusitalo A, Korhonen PH, Tikkakoski A, Lehtinen P, Ylänen K, Poutanen T. Extrasystoles on 24-h Holter Monitoring During the First Year of Life. Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) 2026. link 6 Rozé JC, Cambonie G, Flamant C, Patkaï J, Mühlbacher T, Gascoin G et al.. Prophylactic Treatment of Patent Ductus Arteriosus With Acetaminophen: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA pediatrics 2026. link 7 Brandt C, Mat HD, Bischoff AR, McNamara PJ, Rios DR. Association of low shunt burden from PDA and adverse outcomes in premature infants. Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association 2026. link 8 Lear BA, Lear CA, Dhillon SK, King VJ, Dean JM, Davidson JO et al.. Delayed necrostatin-1s infusion attenuates cystic white matter injury in preterm fetal sheep. Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics 2026. link 9 Hobson AA, Dagle D, Rusin CG, Rhee CJ, Acosta SI, McNamara PJ et al.. Developing a Multivariable Prediction Model to Identify a High-Volume Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Neonates Born Extremely Preterm. The Journal of pediatrics 2026. link 10 Biran V, Groulx-Boivin E, Beltempo M, Paquette M, Khairy M, Laval N et al.. Post-hemorrhagic ventricular dilatation in preterm infants: maximal ventricular dilatation and timing of intervention predict neurodevelopment. Pediatric research 2026. link 11 Kaluarachchi DC, Chock VY, Do BT, Rysavy MA, Sankar MN, Laughon MM et al.. Comparison of neurodevelopmental outcomes of extremely preterm infants undergoing trans-catheter closure of the patent ductus arteriosus compared to surgical ligation. Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association 2026. link 12 Szpecht D, Żyto K, Ciszek G, Duczmal K, Kowal Z, Kręciszewska K et al.. Association of Gene Variants in Matrix Metalloproteinases and Their Tissue Inhibitors with Intraventricular Haemorrhage in Preterm Infants. International journal of molecular sciences 2026. link 13 Bakri H, Alrahili M, Alkaabi M, Almahdi M, Bazbouz E, Almuqati R et al.. Impact of Implementing a Standardized Neonatal Blood Pressure Chart and Neonatal Hypotension Management Guidelines in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Retrospective Cohort Study. American journal of perinatology 2026. link 14 Roumes H, Ibrahim IO, Beauvieux MC, Perrot C, Brissaud O, Cramaregeas S et al.. Closing the gap before using L-lactate to guide newborn care. Pediatric research 2026. link 15 Weaver LJ, Gentle SJ, Nakhmani A, Rahman F, Ambalavanan N, Shukla VV et al.. Early fluid status and severe intraventricular hemorrhage or death in extremely preterm infants. Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) 2026. link 16 Muterspaw K, Griffin R, Askenazi D, Gentle SJ. Prolonged patent ductus arteriosus exposure and risk for late acute kidney injury in extremely preterm infants. Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association 2026. link 17 Schreiner C, Sappler M, Höck M, Mangesius S, Michel M, Griesmaier E et al.. Brain Injury and Microstructural Brain Development in Very Preterm Infants with Patent Ductus Arteriosus. Neonatology 2026. link 18 Rosenberg K. Reduced mortality with probiotics in preterm infants. The American journal of nursing 2025. link 19 Çeker G, Cinar O, Turunç T, Kızılkan Y, Anıl H, Akgün U et al.. Management and treatment variations in premature ejaculation: a nationwide survey by the Andrology Working Group of the Society of Urological Surgery in Turkey. International urology and nephrology 2025. link 20 Kim SH. Operation status, quality, and premature birth information in obstetrics and gynecology facility websites in Korea: an evaluation study. Women's health nursing (Seoul, Korea) 2025. link 21 Kiebler M, Simões-Wüst AP, Ochsenbein-Kölble N. Insights into tocolytic use and preterm birth management: a Swiss cross-sectional survey. Swiss medical weekly 2025. link 22 Collin-Bund V, Vibert F, Pontvianne M, Boudier E, Minella C, Bel S et al.. Impact of the 2018 French National College of Gynecologists and Obstetricians recommendations for clinical practice on maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality in cases of premature rupture of membranes before 32 weeks of amenorrhea at the University Hospital of Strasbourg. European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology 2025. link 23 Soares MFMR, Gomes AA, Silva JBD, Santos LMD, Braga PP, Duarte ED. Social determination in the health of children born preterm: a scoping review. Revista latino-americana de enfermagem 2025. link 24 Salas AA, Argent T, Jeffcoat S, Tucker M, Ashraf AP, Travers CP. Early Vitamin D Supplementation in Infants Born Extremely Preterm and Fed Human Milk: A Randomized Controlled Trial. The Journal of pediatrics 2025. link 25 Weigner MK, Kausch SL, Fairchild KD, Sullivan BA. Impact of Pharmacologic Patent Ductus Arteriosus Treatment on Acute Respiratory and Oxygenation Metrics in Very Low Birth Weight Infants. American journal of perinatology 2025. link 26 Jiang S, Cui X, Katheria A, Finer NN, Bennett MV, Profit J et al.. Association between 5-minute oxygen saturation and neonatal death and intraventricular hemorrhage among extremely preterm infants. Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association 2025. link 27 Clyman RI, Rosenstein MG, Liebowitz MC, Rogers EE, Kramer KP, Hills NK. Betamethasone treatment-to-delivery interval, retreatment, and severe intraventricular hemorrhage in infants <28 weeks' gestation. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology 2025. link 28 Ní Chathasaigh CM, Dunne EA, Geraghty LE, Murphy MC, O'Currain E, McCarthy LK et al.. Selective or routine face mask application for breathing support of preterm infants at birth: a randomised trial. Resuscitation 2025. link 29 Tang I, Huntingford S, Zhou L, Fox C, Miller T, Krishnamurthy MB et al.. Reducing severe intraventricular haemorrhage rates in <26-week preterm infants with bedside assessment and care bundle implementation. Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) 2025. link 30 Alderliesten T, Arasteh E, van Alphen A, Groenendaal F, Dudink J, Benders MJ et al.. Treatment of Hypotension of Prematurity: a randomised trial. Archives of disease in childhood. Fetal and neonatal edition 2025. link 31 Mirza H, Garcia J, Zussman M, Wadhawan R, Pepe J, Oh W. Inhaled Nitric Oxide Treatment of Early Pulmonary Hypertension to Reduce the Risk of Death or Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Infants Born Extremely Preterm: A Masked Randomized Controlled Trial. The Journal of pediatrics 2025. link 32 Travers CP, Chahine R, Nakhmani A, Aban I, Carlo WA, Ambalavanan N. Control of breathing in preterm infants on incubator oxygen or nasal cannula oxygen. Pediatric research 2025. link 33 Kaluarachchi DC, Rysavy MA, Do BT, Chock VY, Laughon MM, Backes CH et al.. Changes in Patent Ductus Arteriosus Management and Outcomes in Infants Born at 26-28 Weeks' Gestation. The Journal of pediatrics 2025. link 34 Trindade GS, Procianoy RS, Dos Santos VB, Dornelles AD, Silveira RC. Administration time of caffeine in preterm infants: systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association 2025. link 35 Baud O, Torchin H, Butin M, Flamant C, Nuytten A. Prophylactic low-dose hydrocortisone in neonates born extremely preterm: current knowledge and future challenges. Pediatric research 2025. link 36 Buchmayer J, Fuiko R, Kienast P, Stummer S, Kasprian G, Berger A et al.. Cerebellar haemorrhage and atrophy in infants born extremely preterm with intraventricular haemorrhage. Developmental medicine and child neurology 2025. link 37 Iversen KV, Jortveit J, Solvik-Olsen T, Osestad TØ, Tølløfsrud PA, Wik G. Right-sided pleural, pericardial, and intra-abdominal effusion as a complication of an appropriately placed umbilical venous catheter: a case report. Journal of medical case reports 2025. link 38 Chartrand L, Barrington KJ, Dodin P, Villeneuve A. Delayed cord clamping in preterm twin infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology 2025. link 39 Cramer SJE, Hooper SB, Salverda HH, Koster R, Dekker J, Te Pas AB. Automated tactile stimulation in response to cardiorespiratory events in preterm infants: a feasibility study. Archives of disease in childhood. Fetal and neonatal edition 2025. link 40 Cimadamore E, Correani A, D'Ascenzo R, Bellagamba MP, Burattini I, Battistoni GI et al.. Delivery mode and risk of intraventricular hemorrhage: A retrospective single-center study on 1760 preterm infants of less than 32 weeks. European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology 2025. link 41 Logan JW, Tang X, Greenberg RG, Smith B, Jacobson L, Blackwell CK et al.. Neonatal Morbidities, Neurodevelopmental Impairments, and Positive Health among Children Surviving Birth before 32 Weeks of Gestation. The Journal of pediatrics 2025. link 42 Karlinski Vizentin V, Madeira de Sá Pacheco I, Fahel Vilas Bôas Azevêdo T, Florêncio de Mesquita C, Alvim Pereira R. Early versus Late Caffeine Therapy Administration in Preterm Neonates: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Neonatology 2024. link 43 Zhou M, Wang S, Zhang T, Duan S, Wang H. Neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm or low birth weight infants with germinal matrix-intraventricular hemorrhage: a meta-analysis. Pediatric research 2024. link 44 Hunter P. Exogestation for treating premature births and congenital diseases : Artificial womb technology edges towards first trials in humans. EMBO reports 2024. link 45 Yamaguchi-Sekino S, Kojimahara N. Survey of Delivery Outcomes for Employees at MR Imaging Facilities in Japan Based on Information Recorded in the Maternal and Child Health Handbook. Magnetic resonance in medical sciences : MRMS : an official journal of Japan Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 2024. link 46 Pais-Cunha I, Peixoto S, Soares H, Costa S. Limits of Viability: Perspectives of Portuguese Neonatologists and Obstetricians. Acta medica portuguesa 2024. link 47 Paw D, Bokiniec R, Kołodziejczyk-Nowotarska A. High Initial Dose of Monitored Vitamin D Supplementation in Preterm Infants (HIDVID Trial): Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Study. Nutrients 2024. link 48 Romero-Lopez M, Tyson JE, Naik M, Pedroza C, Holzapfel LF, Avritscher E et al.. Randomized controlled trial of enteral vitamin D supplementation (ViDES) in infants <28 weeks gestational age or <1000 g birth weight: study protocol. Trials 2024. link 49 Peaceman AM, Mele L, Rouse DJ, Leveno KJ, Mercer BM, Varner MW et al.. Prediction of Cerebral Palsy or Death among Preterm Infants Who Survive the Neonatal Period. American journal of perinatology 2024. link 50 Sobczak A, Kowalik A, Homa M, Turalska P, Kwinta P. Changes in umbilical catheters' microstructure in vivo: A prospective study. The journal of vascular access 2024. link 51 Bravo MC, Jiménez R, Parrado-Hernández E, Fernández JJ, Pellicer A. Predicting the effectiveness of drugs used for treating cardiovascular conditions in newborn infants. Pediatric research 2024. link 52 Costa STB, Costa P, Graça AM, Abrantes M. Delivery Mode and Neurological Complications in Very Low Birth Weight Infants. American journal of perinatology 2024. link 53 van der Heide M, Muller Kobold AC, Koerts-Steijn KKR, Hulzebos CV, Hulscher JBF, Eaton S et al.. Ischemia modified albumin as a marker of hypoxia in preterm infants in the first week after birth. Early human development 2024. link 54 Reis JD, Hagan T, Heyne R, Tolentino-Plata K, Clarke R, Brown LS et al.. Relationship between Ventricular Size on Latest Ultrasonogram and the Bayley Scores ≥ 18 Months in Extremely Low Gestational Age Neonates: A Retrospective Cohort Study. American journal of perinatology 2024. link 55 Köstekci YE, Bayram Ö, Mertek S, Bakhtiyarzada J, Aydın A, Yılmaz MM et al.. Complications of epicutaneo-caval catheters: Pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade in three preterm infants. The journal of vascular access 2024. link 56 Suenaga H, Nakanishi H, Uchiyama A, Kusuda S. Small for Gestational Age Affects Outcomes on Singletons and Inborn Births in Extremely Preterm Infants: A Japanese Cohort Study. American journal of perinatology 2024. link 57 Calandrino A, Minghetti D, Brigati G, Parodi A, Nozza P, Ramenghi LA. Disruption of Cerebellar Granular Layer as a Consequence of Germinal Matrix Intraventricular Hemorrhage in Extreme Prematurity: An Acute Direct Mechanism Too?. Pediatric neurology 2024. link 58 Homedi A, De La Hoz A, Miller MR, Lalitha R, McClean M, Bhattacharya S. Impact of Targeted Neonatal Echocardiography on Patent Ductus Arteriosus Management in a Canadian Tertiary Care Neonatal Unit: A Retrospective Cohort Study. American journal of perinatology 2024. link 59 Kuypers KLAM, Cramer SJE, Dekker J, Visser R, Hooper SB, Te Pas AB. Exerted force on the face mask in preterm infants at birth is associated with apnoea and bradycardia. Resuscitation 2024. link 60 Shah AM. FDA on the verge of approving human clinical trial for artificial womb. Artificial organs 2023. link 61 De Cloet J, Simal I, Benoot K, Goossens L. Assessment of the Adherence to ESPGHAN 2018 Guidelines in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of the Ghent University Hospital: A Retrospective Study. Nutrients 2023. link 62 Embleton ND, Jennifer Moltu S, Lapillonne A, van den Akker CHP, Carnielli V, Fusch C et al.. Enteral Nutrition in Preterm Infants (2022): A Position Paper From the ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition and Invited Experts. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition 2023. link 63 Sullivan A, Donovan B, Young BC, Cummings C. Collaboration between Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Neonatology When Counseling at Extreme Prematurity. NeoReviews 2023. link 64 Stark MJ, Collins CT, Andersen CC, Crawford TM, Sullivan TR, Bednarz J et al.. Study protocol of the WashT Trial: transfusion with washed versus unwashed red blood cells to reduce morbidity and mortality in infants born less than 28 weeks' gestation - a multicentre, blinded, parallel group, randomised controlled trial. BMJ open 2023. link 65 Oh SH, Jin HS, Park CH. Risk factors and neonatal outcomes of pulmonary air leak syndrome in extremely preterm infants: A nationwide descriptive cohort study. Medicine 2023. link 66 Jamali Z, Ghorbani F, Shafie'ei M, Tolooefar F, Maleki E. Risk factors associated with vitamin D deficiency in preterm neonates: a single-center step-wise regression analysis. BMC pediatrics 2023. link 67 Koren Y, Lubetzky R, Mandel D, Ovental A, Deutsch V, Hadanny A et al.. Anemia, Hepcidin, and Vitamin D in Healthy Preterm Infants: A Pilot Study. American journal of perinatology 2023. link 68 Aristizabal N, Holder MP, Durham L, Ashraf AP, Taylor S, Salas AA. Safety and Efficacy of Early Vitamin D Supplementation in Critically Ill Extremely Preterm Infants: An Ancillary Study of a Randomized Trial. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics 2023. link 69 Hunnali CR, Devi U, Kitchanan S, Sethuraman G. Three Different Regimens for Vitamin K Birth Prophylaxis in Infants Born Preterm: A Randomized Clinical Trial. The Journal of pediatrics 2023. link 70 Ting JY, McDougal K, De Mello A, Kwan E, Mammen C. Acute kidney injury among preterm infants receiving nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: A pilot study. Pediatrics and neonatology 2023. link 71 Chock VY, Bhombal S, Variane GFT, Van Meurs KP, Benitz WE. Ductus arteriosus and the preterm brain. Archives of disease in childhood. Fetal and neonatal edition 2023. link 72 Zhang X, Yuan J, Zhang S, Li W, Xu Y, Li H et al.. Germinal matrix hemorrhage induces immune responses, brain injury, and motor impairment in neonatal rats. Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism 2023. link 73 Handley SC, Kumbhat N, Eggleston B, Foglia EE, Davis AS, Van Meurs K et al.. Exposure to umbilical cord management approaches and death or neurodevelopmental impairment at 22-26 months' corrected age after extremely preterm birth. Archives of disease in childhood. Fetal and neonatal edition 2023. link 74 King BC, Hagan J, Richardson T, Berry J, Slaughter JL. Hospital variation in neonatal echocardiography among very preterm infants at US children's hospitals. Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association 2023. link 75 Lemmers P, Vijlbrief D, Benders M, Alderliesten T, Veldhuis M, Baerts W et al.. Delayed Surgical Closure of the Patent Ductus Arteriosus: Does the Brain Pay the Price?. The Journal of pediatrics 2023. link 76 Díez-Díez M, Amorós-Pérez M, de la Barrera J, Vázquez E, Quintas A, Pascual-Figal DA et al.. Clonal hematopoiesis is not prevalent in Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome. GeroScience 2023. link 77 Zaveri PG, Walker AM, Upadhyay K, Talati AJ. Use of Vasopressors in Extremely Preterm Infants in First Week of Life. American journal of perinatology 2023. link 78 Hess S, Poryo M, Böttger R, Franz A, Klotz D, Linnemann K et al.. Umbilical venous catheter- and peripherally inserted central catheter-associated complications in preterm infants with birth weight < 1250 g : Results from a survey in Austria and Germany. Wiener medizinische Wochenschrift (1946) 2023. link 79 Nevill E, Mildenhall LFJ, Meyer MP. Effect of Breathing Support in Very Preterm Infants Not Breathing During Deferred Cord Clamping: A Randomized Controlled Trial (The ABC Study). The Journal of pediatrics 2023. link 80 Delaney J, Nunes GC, Simoneau J, Beltempo M, Malhamé I, Goudie C et al.. Thrombocytopenia and neonatal outcomes among extremely premature infants exposed to maternal hypertension. Pediatric blood & cancer 2023. link 81 Pereira AMG, Pannain GD, Esteves BHG, Bacci MLL, Rocha MLTLFD, Lopes RGC. Antibiotic prophylaxis in pregnant with premature rupture of ovular membranes: systematic review and meta-analysis. Einstein (Sao Paulo, Brazil) 2022. link 82 . Kristen Noble. Cell reports. Medicine 2022. link 83 Burgos CM, Frenckner B, Broman LM. Premature and Extracorporeal Life Support: Is it Time? A Systematic Review. ASAIO journal (American Society for Artificial Internal Organs : 1992) 2022. link 84 Josephsen JB, Potter S, Armbrecht ES, Al-Hosni M. Umbilical Cord Milking in Extremely Preterm Infants: A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Cord Milking with Immediate Cord Clamping. American journal of perinatology 2022. link 85 Lai GY, Shlobin N, Garcia RM, Wescott A, Kulkarni AV, Drake J et al.. Global incidence proportion of intraventricular haemorrhage of prematurity: a meta-analysis of studies published 2010-2020. Archives of disease in childhood. Fetal and neonatal edition 2022. link 86 Shah PS, Norman M, Rusconi F, Kusuda S, Reichman B, Battin M et al.. Five-minute Apgar score and outcomes in neonates of 24-28 weeks' gestation. Archives of disease in childhood. Fetal and neonatal edition 2022. link 87 Anand AJ, Sabapathy K, Sriram B, Rajadurai VS, Agarwal PK. Single Center Outcome of Multiple Births in the Premature and Very Low Birth Weight Cohort in Singapore. American journal of perinatology 2022. link 88 Borenstein-Levin L, Taha R, Riskin A, Hafner H, Cohen-Vaizer A, Gordin A et al.. Effects of neurodevelopmental risk factors on brainstem maturation in premature infants. Pediatric research 2022. link 89 Huang CP, Hung YL, Hsieh WS, Shen CM. Fresh Frozen Plasma Transfusion: An Independent Risk Factor for Hemodynamically Significant Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Premature Infants. American journal of perinatology 2022. link 90 Nunes Marques MI, Bento Guerra A, Antunes S, Martins L, Carvalho L. Cardiac Tamponade - a Cause of Sudden Death in a Premature Newborn. Fetal and pediatric pathology 2022. link 91 Soni R, Tscherning Wel-Wel C, Robertson NJ. Neuroscience meets nurture: challenges of prematurity and the critical role of family-centred and developmental care as a key part of the neuroprotection care bundle. Archives of disease in childhood. Fetal and neonatal edition 2022. link 92 Juujärvi S, Saarela T, Hallman M, Aikio O. Trial of paracetamol for premature newborns: five-year follow-up. The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians 2022. link 93 Fort P, Beg K, Betensky M, Kiskaddon A, Goldenberg NA. Venous Thromboembolism in Premature Neonates. Seminars in thrombosis and hemostasis 2022. link 94 Lee R, Williams EE, Dassios T, Greenough A. Influence of antenatal corticosteroids and sex on the mortality and morbidity of extremely prematurely born infants. The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians 2022. link 95 Bhattacharjee I, Das A, Collin M, Aly H. Predicting outcomes of mechanically ventilated premature infants using respiratory severity score. The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians 2022. link 96 de Carvalho Nunes G, Wutthigate P, Simoneau J, Beltempo M, Sant'Anna GM, Altit G. Natural evolution of the patent ductus arteriosus in the extremely premature newborn and respiratory outcomes. Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association 2022. link 97 Bozkaya A, Yurttutan S, Özkars MY, Doğaner A. Respiratory problems in preterm infants with pulmonary hemorrhage. The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians 2022. link 98 Park GY, Park WS, Sung SI, Kim MS, Lee MH, Jeon GW et al.. Neonatal outcome comparisons between preterm infants with or without early pulmonary hypertension following prolonged preterm premature rupture of membranes before 25 gestational weeks in Korean Neonatal Network. The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians 2022. link 99 Seo YM, Sung IK, Yum SK. Risk factors associated with prolonged mechanical ventilation after surgical patent ductus arteriosus ligation in preterm infants. The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians 2022. link 100 Finn BP, Bussmann N, Beechinor T, Dempsey EM. Hemodynamic considerations in preterm infants born at less than 25 weeks gestation. Seminars in perinatology 2022. link

Original source

[1]
The comparative efficacy and safety of sweet solutions to reduce preterm infants' pain levels: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. — Efendi D, Kang YN, Natalia R, Milanti A, Marsubrin PMT, Kustanti CY et al. Systematic reviews (2026)
[2]
Fetal hemoglobin fraction is correlated to the risk of prematurity complications. — Dani C, Remaschi G, Ulivi M, Monti N, Pratesi S The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians (2026)
[3]
Exploring the neurological impact of prematurity: Shared mechanisms in periventricular leukomalacia (PVL), intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), and hydrocephalus. — Adeshina O, Menon TP, Ambekar A, Tanchanco C, Darden J Early human development (2026)
[4]
Ventricular size on term magnetic resonance imaging in extremely preterm infants with and without germinal matrix-intraventricular haemorrhage. — Fossmark MO, Xydis VG, Argyropoulou MI, Astrakas LG, Bakøy H, Bentsen M et al. Pediatric radiology (2026)
[5]
Extrasystoles on 24-h Holter Monitoring During the First Year of Life. — Uusitalo A, Korhonen PH, Tikkakoski A, Lehtinen P, Ylänen K, Poutanen T Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) (2026)
[6]
Prophylactic Treatment of Patent Ductus Arteriosus With Acetaminophen: A Randomized Clinical Trial. — Rozé JC, Cambonie G, Flamant C, Patkaï J, Mühlbacher T, Gascoin G et al. JAMA pediatrics (2026)
[7]
Association of low shunt burden from PDA and adverse outcomes in premature infants. — Brandt C, Mat HD, Bischoff AR, McNamara PJ, Rios DR Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association (2026)
[8]
Delayed necrostatin-1s infusion attenuates cystic white matter injury in preterm fetal sheep. — Lear BA, Lear CA, Dhillon SK, King VJ, Dean JM, Davidson JO et al. Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics (2026)
[9]
Developing a Multivariable Prediction Model to Identify a High-Volume Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Neonates Born Extremely Preterm. — Hobson AA, Dagle D, Rusin CG, Rhee CJ, Acosta SI, McNamara PJ et al. The Journal of pediatrics (2026)
[10]
Post-hemorrhagic ventricular dilatation in preterm infants: maximal ventricular dilatation and timing of intervention predict neurodevelopment. — Biran V, Groulx-Boivin E, Beltempo M, Paquette M, Khairy M, Laval N et al. Pediatric research (2026)
[11]
Comparison of neurodevelopmental outcomes of extremely preterm infants undergoing trans-catheter closure of the patent ductus arteriosus compared to surgical ligation. — Kaluarachchi DC, Chock VY, Do BT, Rysavy MA, Sankar MN, Laughon MM et al. Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association (2026)
[12]
Association of Gene Variants in Matrix Metalloproteinases and Their Tissue Inhibitors with Intraventricular Haemorrhage in Preterm Infants. — Szpecht D, Żyto K, Ciszek G, Duczmal K, Kowal Z, Kręciszewska K et al. International journal of molecular sciences (2026)
[13]
Impact of Implementing a Standardized Neonatal Blood Pressure Chart and Neonatal Hypotension Management Guidelines in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Retrospective Cohort Study. — Bakri H, Alrahili M, Alkaabi M, Almahdi M, Bazbouz E, Almuqati R et al. American journal of perinatology (2026)
[14]
Closing the gap before using L-lactate to guide newborn care. — Roumes H, Ibrahim IO, Beauvieux MC, Perrot C, Brissaud O, Cramaregeas S et al. Pediatric research (2026)
[15]
Early fluid status and severe intraventricular hemorrhage or death in extremely preterm infants. — Weaver LJ, Gentle SJ, Nakhmani A, Rahman F, Ambalavanan N, Shukla VV et al. Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) (2026)
[16]
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