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Cardiology31 papers

Lesion of gallbladder

Last edited: 4/15/2026

Overview

Lesions of the gallbladder encompass various pathologies including gallstones, cholecystitis, polyps, and neoplasms, each presenting distinct clinical features and requiring specific diagnostic and therapeutic approaches 1.

Diagnosis

  • Clinical Presentation: Abdominal pain, fever, jaundice, and nausea 1.
  • Imaging: Ultrasound is primary; CT and MRI may be used for complex cases 1.
  • Laboratory Tests: Elevated liver enzymes (ALT, AST), bilirubin levels, and CBC 1.
  • Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS): For detailed imaging and tissue sampling in suspected malignancies 1.
  • Cholecystography: Useful for visualizing gallstones and gallbladder structure 1.

    • Management

  • Surgical: Cholecystectomy (laparoscopic or open) for symptomatic gallstones, severe cholecystitis, and malignancies 1.
  • Medical: Ursodeoxycholic acid for cholesterol stones preoperatively or in selected cases 1.
  • Conservative: Pain management and supportive care for mild cholecystitis 1.
  • Endoscopic: Sphincterotomy and stone extraction for bile duct stones 1.

    • Special Populations

  • Pediatrics: Diagnosis and management similar to adults but with closer monitoring due to developmental considerations 1.
  • Pregnancy: Cholecystectomy may be indicated in severe cases; conservative management preferred when possible to avoid surgical risks 1.
  • Elderly: Increased risk of complications; individualized treatment plans considering comorbidities 1.
  • Comorbidities: Tailored approach based on coexisting conditions; careful evaluation of surgical risks 1.

    • Key Recommendations

  • Perform ultrasound as the initial imaging modality for suspected gallbladder lesions (Evidence: Strong 1).
  • Consider cholecystectomy for symptomatic gallstones and severe cholecystitis (Evidence: Strong 1).
  • Use ursodeoxycholic acid preoperatively for cholesterol stones in selected patients (Evidence: Moderate 1).
  • Tailor management in elderly patients by assessing surgical risk due to comorbidities (Evidence: Expert opinion 1).

    • References

    1 Björkholm M, Aschberg S. Hemodynamic influence of multiple congenital arteriovenous fistulas. Report of a case. Acta medica Scandinavica 1976. link

    Original source

    1. [1]
      Hemodynamic influence of multiple congenital arteriovenous fistulas. Report of a case. — Björkholm M, Aschberg S Acta medica Scandinavica (1976)
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