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Cardiology7418 papers

Exercise-induced angina

Last edited: 4/23/2026

Overview

Exercise-induced angina is chest pain or discomfort that occurs during physical activity due to myocardial ischemia, typically caused by coronary artery disease. It often subsides with rest or administration of nitroglycerin 6 15.

Diagnosis

Clinical Presentation: Chest pain or discomfort precipitated by exertion, relieved by rest or nitroglycerin 6 15.

Electrocardiogram (ECG): ST-segment depression or elevation during exercise, often normalized at rest 6.

Exercise Stress Testing: Standardized treadmill or bicycle ergometer tests to provoke symptoms and monitor ECG changes 6.

Coronary Angiography: Definitive imaging to identify coronary artery stenosis 6.

Management

First-Line Treatments:

- Nitroglycerin: Sublingual or transdermal for acute relief 6. - Beta-Blockers: Reduce myocardial oxygen demand (e.g., metoprolol, carvedilol) 6.

Adjunctive Treatments:

- Calcium Channel Blockers: For patients intolerant to beta-blockers (e.g., amlodipine, verapamil) 6. - Statins: To manage cholesterol levels and reduce cardiovascular risk 6. - Lifestyle Modifications: Dietary changes, smoking cessation, and structured exercise programs under medical supervision 6.

Special Populations

Pregnancy: Management requires careful consideration of teratogenic risks; beta-blockers may be used cautiously 6.

Elderly: Tailored exercise programs and close monitoring for drug interactions and side effects 6.

Comorbidities: Additional management strategies for coexisting conditions like hypertension or diabetes, adjusting medications accordingly 6.

Key Recommendations

Perform Exercise Stress Testing to diagnose exercise-induced angina and assess functional capacity 6 (Evidence: Strong).

Initiate Beta-Blocker Therapy for symptom control and risk reduction in patients with exercise-induced angina 6 (Evidence: Strong).

Consider Coronary Angiography in patients with high-risk features or inconclusive non-invasive testing 6 (Evidence: Moderate).

Implement Lifestyle Modifications including diet, exercise, and smoking cessation to reduce cardiovascular risk 6 (Evidence: Moderate).

Monitor and Adjust Medication in elderly patients to minimize side effects and drug interactions 6 (Evidence: Moderate).

References

Showing 100 most recent of 205 indexed papers.

1 Laufenberg J, Bratetic M, Jacobson K, Wabakken K, Takenaka C, Ostrander K et al.. Postural influence on postexercise hypotension: a randomized crossover study of supine, seated, and standing recovery following high-intensity exercise. The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness 2026. link 2 Liu Y, Liu X, Hu Y, Gao F, Yu W, Cheng F. Evaluating untargeted metabolomics pipelines for sports nutrition research: a review. Analytical methods : advancing methods and applications 2025. link 3 Stout JR, Kreider RB, Candow DG, Forbes SC, Rawson ES, Antonio B et al.. The birth of modern sports nutrition: tracing the path from muscle biopsies to creatine supplementation-A narrative review. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition 2025. link 4 Vreim K, Karlsen T, Carlsen PH, Nistad VH, Røksund OD, Halvorsen T et al.. Speech therapy for exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction. European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 2025. link 5 Horiuchi M, Oliver SJ. Post-Exercise Hypotension after Exercising in Hypoxia with and Without Tart Cherry Supplementation. High altitude medicine & biology 2025. link 6 Ferrara F, Carbone A, Polito MV, Sasso C, Bossone E. Normal Hemodynamic Response to Exercise. Heart failure clinics 2025. link 7 Hackney AC. Exercise and Neuroendocrinology. Current topics in behavioral neurosciences 2024. link 8 El Sherif R, Shrier I, Paul-Tellier P, Rodriguez C. What do we know about Objective Structured Clinical Examination in Sport and Exercise Medicine? A scoping review. Canadian medical education journal 2024. link 9 Bedrač L, Deutsch L, Terzić S, Červek M, Šelb J, Ašič U et al.. Towards Precision Sports Nutrition for Endurance Athletes: A Scoping Review of Application of Omics and Wearables Technologies. Nutrients 2024. link 10 Cowan SM, Girdwood M, Haberfield M, Mosler AB, Bruder AM, Mahony K et al.. You have to work twice as hard as a woman to show that you are competent. Experiences, opportunities and workplace gender harassment for Sport and Exercise Medicine practitioners working in elite sport in Australia. British journal of sports medicine 2024. link 11 Hartman ME, Hernandez J. The Assessment of Affective Responses within Exercise Prescription: A Narrative Review. International journal of sports medicine 2023. link 12 James JJ, Klevenow EA, Atkinson MA, Vosters EE, Bueckers EP, Quinn ME et al.. Underrepresentation of women in exercise science and physiology research is associated with authorship gender. Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) 2023. link 13 Jones AW, Mironas A, Mur LAJ, Beckmann M, Thatcher R, Davison G. Vitamin D status modulates innate immune responses and metabolomic profiles following acute prolonged cycling. European journal of nutrition 2023. link 14 Scheer V, Tiller NB, Doutreleau S, Khodaee M, Knechtle B, Pasternak A et al.. Potential Long-Term Health Problems Associated with Ultra-Endurance Running: A Narrative Review. Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) 2022. link 15 Suzuki K. Recent Progress in Applicability of Exercise Immunology and Inflammation Research to Sports Nutrition. Nutrients 2021. link 16 Grgic J, Pedisic Z, Saunders B, Artioli GG, Schoenfeld BJ, McKenna MJ et al.. International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: sodium bicarbonate and exercise performance. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition 2021. link 17 Yamano M, Yamano T, Takamatsu K, Ma C, Wakana N, Yanishi K et al.. Prolonged Elevation of Tricuspid Regurgitation Pressure Gradient After Exercise in Patients With Exercise-induced Pulmonary Hypertension. The American journal of cardiology 2021. link 18 Rothschild JA, Kilding AE, Plews DJ. What Should I Eat before Exercise? Pre-Exercise Nutrition and the Response to Endurance Exercise: Current Prospective and Future Directions. Nutrients 2020. link 19 Naderi A, Rezvani MH, Degens H. Foam Rolling and Muscle and Joint Proprioception After Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage. Journal of athletic training 2020. link 20 Cruz R, Alves DL, Rumenig E, Gonçalves R, Degaki E, Pasqua L et al.. Estimation of minute ventilation by heart rate for field exercise studies. Scientific reports 2020. link 21 Rigamonti L, Dolci A, Galetta F, Stefanelli C, Hughes M, Bartsch M et al.. Social media and e-learning use among European exercise science students. Health promotion international 2020. link 22 Büttner F, Toomey E, McClean S, Roe M, Delahunt E. Are questionable research practices facilitating new discoveries in sport and exercise medicine? The proportion of supported hypotheses is implausibly high. British journal of sports medicine 2020. link 23 Leońska-Duniec A, Maculewicz E, Humińska-Lisowska K, Maciejewska-Skrendo A, Leźnicka K, Cięszczyk P et al.. (no title). Genes 2020. link 24 Vitale K, Getzin A. Nutrition and Supplement Update for the Endurance Athlete: Review and Recommendations. Nutrients 2019. link 25 Sgrò P, Sansone M, Sansone A, Romanelli F, Di Luigi L. Effects of erythropoietin abuse on exercise performance. The Physician and sportsmedicine 2018. link 26 Nash CJ, Richards CT, Schwieger G, Malik S, Chiampas GT. Medical Care at a Large Vertical Running Event. Prehospital emergency care 2018. link 27 Humphries D, Jaques R, Dijkstra HP. A Delphi developed syllabus for the medical specialty of sport and exercise medicine. British journal of sports medicine 2018. link 28 Laghi L, Zhu C, Campagna G, Rossi G, Bazzano M, Laus F. Probiotic supplementation in trained trotter horses: effect on blood clinical pathology data and urine metabolomic assessed in field. Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) 2018. link 29 Clarys P, Clijsen R, Barel AO, Schouteden R, van Olst B, Aerenhouts D. Estimation of sweat rates during cycling exercise by means of the closed chamber condenser technology. Skin research and technology : official journal of International Society for Bioengineering and the Skin (ISBS) [and] International Society for Digital Imaging of Skin (ISDIS) [and] International Society for Skin Imaging (ISSI) 2017. link 30 Huang WC, Chang YC, Chen YM, Hsu YJ, Huang CC, Kan NW et al.. Whey Protein Improves Marathon-Induced Injury and Exercise Performance in Elite Track Runners. International journal of medical sciences 2017. link 31 Kerksick CM, Arent S, Schoenfeld BJ, Stout JR, Campbell B, Wilborn CD et al.. International society of sports nutrition position stand: nutrient timing. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition 2017. link 32 Lindsay A, Costello JT. Realising the Potential of Urine and Saliva as Diagnostic Tools in Sport and Exercise Medicine. Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) 2017. link 33 Larson HH, Khalili-Borna D, Uzosike E, Sugiyama D. Medical Coverage of Ultramarathons and Its Unique Challenges. Current sports medicine reports 2016. link 34 Winter EM, Abt G, Brookes FB, Challis JH, Fowler NE, Knudson DV et al.. Misuse of "Power" and Other Mechanical Terms in Sport and Exercise Science Research. Journal of strength and conditioning research 2016. link 35 Close GL, Hamilton DL, Philp A, Burke LM, Morton JP. New strategies in sport nutrition to increase exercise performance. Free radical biology & medicine 2016. link 36 Chiampas GT, Goyal AV. Innovative Operations Measures and Nutritional Support for Mass Endurance Events. Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) 2015. link 37 Røksund OD, Heimdal JH, Olofsson J, Maat RC, Halvorsen T. Larynx during exercise: the unexplored bottleneck of the airways. European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 2015. link 38 Pallarés JG, López-Samanes Á, Fernández-Elías VE, Aguado-Jiménez R, Ortega JF, Gómez C et al.. Pseudoephedrine and circadian rhythm interaction on neuromuscular performance. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports 2015. link 39 Kilgore JL, Baker JS, Davies B. A consideration of the paradigm of exercise physiology. Research in sports medicine (Print) 2014. link 40 Turris SA, Lund A, Mui J, Wang P, Lewis K, Gutman SJ. An organized medical response for the Vancouver International Marathon (2006-2011): when the rubber hits the road. Current sports medicine reports 2014. link 41 Holtzhausen LJ, van Zyl GJ, Nel MM. Developing a strategic research framework for sport and exercise medicine. British journal of sports medicine 2014. link 42 Schwabe K, Schwellnus MP, Derman W, Swanevelder S, Jordaan E. Older females are at higher risk for medical complications during 21 km road race running: a prospective study in 39 511 race starters--SAFER study III. British journal of sports medicine 2014. link 43 Turner JE, Bennett SJ, Bosch JA, Griffiths HR, Aldred S. Ultra-endurance exercise: unanswered questions in redox biology and immunology. Biochemical Society transactions 2014. link 44 Bird SR, Linden M, Hawley JA. Acute changes to biomarkers as a consequence of prolonged strenuous running. Annals of clinical biochemistry 2014. link 45 Brickwood KJ, Williams AD, Ahuja KD, Fell JW. Evaluating the influence of different modes of administration of a pre-exercise screening tool. Journal of science and medicine in sport 2013. link 46 Pires FO. Thomas Kuhn's 'Structure of Scientific Revolutions' applied to exercise science paradigm shifts: example including the Central Governor Model. British journal of sports medicine 2013. link 47 Finberg M, Braham R, Goodman C, Gregory P, Peeling P. Effects of electrostimulation therapy on recovery from acute team-sport activity. International journal of sports physiology and performance 2013. link 48 Lopez MG, Silva BM, Joyner MJ, Casey DP. Roles of nitric oxide and prostaglandins in the hyperemic response to a maximal metabolic stimulus: redundancy prevails. European journal of applied physiology 2013. link 49 Poole DC, Jones AM. Oxygen uptake kinetics. Comprehensive Physiology 2012. link 50 Sureda A, Pons A. Arginine and citrulline supplementation in sports and exercise: ergogenic nutrients?. Medicine and sport science 2012. link 51 Cunha FA, Catalão RP, Midgley AW, Gurgel J, Porto F, Farinatti PT. Do the speeds defined by the American College of Sports Medicine metabolic equation for running produce target energy expenditures during isocaloric exercise bouts?. European journal of applied physiology 2012. link 52 Roelands B, Watson P, Cordery P, Decoster S, Debaste E, Maughan R et al.. A dopamine/noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor improves performance in the heat, but only at the maximum therapeutic dose. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports 2012. link 53 Gagnon D, Lynn AG, Binder K, Boushel RC, Kenny GP. Mean arterial pressure following prolonged exercise in the heat: influence of training status and fluid replacement. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports 2012. link 54 Lopez MG, Silva BM, Joyner MJ, Casey DP. Ischemic exercise hyperemia in the human forearm: reproducibility and roles of adenosine and nitric oxide. European journal of applied physiology 2012. link 55 Asplund CA, O'Connor FG, Noakes TD. Exercise-associated collapse: an evidence-based review and primer for clinicians. British journal of sports medicine 2011. link 56 Shephard RJ. Suppression of information on the prevalence and prevention of exercise-associated hyponatraemia. British journal of sports medicine 2011. link 57 Laursen PB. Training for intense exercise performance: high-intensity or high-volume training?. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports 2010. link 58 Amonette WE, English KL, Ottenbacher KJ. Nullius in verba: a call for the incorporation of evidence-based practice into the discipline of exercise science. Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) 2010. link 59 Steding K, Buhre T, Arheden H, Wohlfart B. Respiratory indices by gas analysis and fat metabolism by indirect calorimetry in normal subjects and triathletes. Clinical physiology and functional imaging 2010. link 60 Batt ME, Cullen M. Specialty and curriculum development. British journal of hospital medicine (London, England : 2005) 2009. link 61 Tucker R. Thermoregulation, fatigue and exercise modality. Medicine and sport science 2008. link 62 Tashiro M, Itoh M, Fujimoto T, Masud MM, Watanuki S, Yanai K. Application of positron emission tomography to neuroimaging in sports sciences. Methods (San Diego, Calif.) 2008. link 63 Hale T. History of developments in sport and exercise physiology: A. V. Hill, maximal oxygen uptake, and oxygen debt. Journal of sports sciences 2008. link 64 McHugh IJ, Williams AD, Fell JW. Practical application of the Sports Medicine Australia pre-exercise screening system. Journal of science and medicine in sport 2008. link 65 Boecker H, Henriksen G, Sprenger T, Miederer I, Willoch F, Valet M et al.. Positron emission tomography ligand activation studies in the sports sciences: measuring neurochemistry in vivo. Methods (San Diego, Calif.) 2008. link 66 Park S, Jeong I, Sim M, Yoon U, Shin T, Yoon H. Development of bio-signal measurement system for sports healthcare. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference 2008. link 67 Maughan R. Physiology of sport. British journal of hospital medicine (London, England : 2005) 2007. link 68 Tunstall Pedoe DS. Marathon medical support historical perspectives : 'from cradle to averting the grave'. Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) 2007. link 69 Roberts WO. Exercise-associated collapse care matrix in the marathon. Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) 2007. link 70 Costill D. An overview of the 1976 New York academy of science meeting. Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) 2007. link 71 Sleivert GG. Using microtechnology to monitor thermal strain and enhance performance in the field. International journal of sports physiology and performance 2007. link 72 Ives JC, Knudson D. Professional practice in exercise science : the need for greater disciplinary balance. Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) 2007. link 73 Brooks GA. Lactate: link between glycolytic and oxidative metabolism. Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) 2007. link 74 Ben-Dov I, Reuveny R, Gaides M. Central versus peripheral cardiovascular limitation to exercise: the role of two-modality testing. Respiration; international review of thoracic diseases 2007. link 75 Till SH, Batt ME. Opening the Chamber of secrets: our response to "the end of the beginning". British journal of sports medicine 2006. link 76 Banfi G, Malavazos A, Iorio E, Dolci A, Doneda L, Verna R et al.. Plasma oxidative stress biomarkers, nitric oxide and heat shock protein 70 in trained elite soccer players. European journal of applied physiology 2006. link 77 Nankervis KJ, Williams RJ. Heart rate responses during acclimation of horses to water treadmill exercise. Equine veterinary journal. Supplement 2006. link 78 De Bono JP, Adlam D, Paterson DJ, Channon KM. Novel quantitative phenotypes of exercise training in mouse models. American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology 2006. link 79 Nishijima T, Soya H. Evidence of functional hyperemia in the rat hippocampus during mild treadmill running. Neuroscience research 2006. link 80 Anish EJ. Exercise and its effects on the central nervous system. Current sports medicine reports 2005. link 81 Blain G, Meste O, Bermon S. Influences of breathing patterns on respiratory sinus arrhythmia in humans during exercise. American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology 2005. link 82 Li J, Ding YH, Rafols JA, Lai Q, McAllister JP, Ding Y. Increased astrocyte proliferation in rats after running exercise. Neuroscience letters 2005. link 83 Neary JP. Application of near infrared spectroscopy to exercise sports science. Canadian journal of applied physiology = Revue canadienne de physiologie appliquee 2004. link 84 Miller JM, Housh TJ, Coburn JW, Cramer JT, Johnson GO. A proposed test for determining physical working capacity at the oxygen consumption threshold (PWCVO2). Journal of strength and conditioning research 2004. link 85 Dietrich A, McDaniel WF. Endocannabinoids and exercise. British journal of sports medicine 2004. link 86 Stephens P, Paridon SM. Exercise testing in pediatrics. Pediatric clinics of North America 2004. link 87 Pricher MP, Holowatz LA, Williams JT, Lockwood JM, Halliwill JR. Regional hemodynamics during postexercise hypotension. I. Splanchnic and renal circulations. Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) 2004. link 88 Tschakovsky ME, Rogers AM, Pyke KE, Saunders NR, Glenn N, Lee SJ et al.. Immediate exercise hyperemia in humans is contraction intensity dependent: evidence for rapid vasodilation. Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) 2004. link 89 Stokes K. Growth hormone responses to sub-maximal and sprint exercise. Growth hormone & IGF research : official journal of the Growth Hormone Research Society and the International IGF Research Society 2003. link00016-9) 90 Elder CL, Pujol TJ, Barnes JT. An analysis of undergraduate exercise science programs: an exercise science curriculum survey. Journal of strength and conditioning research 2003. link017<0536:aaoues>2.0.co;2) 91 Aisbett B, Le Rossignol P. Estimating the total energy demand for supra-maximal exercise using the VO2-power regression from an incremental exercise test. Journal of science and medicine in sport 2003. link80028-2) 92 Buckley JD, Bourdon PC, Woolford SM. Effect of measuring blood lactate concentrations using different automated lactate analysers on blood lactate transition thresholds. Journal of science and medicine in sport 2003. link80267-0) 93 Atkinson G, Drust B, Reilly T, Waterhouse J. The relevance of melatonin to sports medicine and science. Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) 2003. link 94 Lewis MJ. Biomagnetism: a new tool in sport and exercise science. Journal of sports sciences 2003. link 95 Shephard RJ. Regression to the mean. A threat to exercise science?. Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) 2003. link 96 Dupont G, Blondel N, Berthoin S. Time spent at VO2max: a methodological issue. International journal of sports medicine 2003. link 97 Banerjee AK, Mandal A, Chanda D, Chakraborti S. Oxidant, antioxidant and physical exercise. Molecular and cellular biochemistry 2003. link 98 Endo M, Tauchi S, Hayashi N, Koga S, Rossiter HB, Fukuba Y. Facial cooling-induced bradycardia does not slow pulmonary V.O2 kinetics at the onset of high-intensity exercise. Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) 2003. link 99 Shephard RJ. Ethics in exercise science research. Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) 2002. link 100 Mc Naughton LR, Thompson D, Philips G, Backx K, Crickmore L. A comparison of the lactate Pro, Accusport, Analox GM7 and Kodak Ektachem lactate analysers in normal, hot and humid conditions. International journal of sports medicine 2002. link

Original source

[1]
Postural influence on postexercise hypotension: a randomized crossover study of supine, seated, and standing recovery following high-intensity exercise. — Laufenberg J, Bratetic M, Jacobson K, Wabakken K, Takenaka C, Ostrander K et al. The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness (2026)
[2]
Evaluating untargeted metabolomics pipelines for sports nutrition research: a review. — Liu Y, Liu X, Hu Y, Gao F, Yu W, Cheng F Analytical methods : advancing methods and applications (2025)
[3]
The birth of modern sports nutrition: tracing the path from muscle biopsies to creatine supplementation-A narrative review. — Stout JR, Kreider RB, Candow DG, Forbes SC, Rawson ES, Antonio B et al. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition (2025)
[4]
Speech therapy for exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction. — Vreim K, Karlsen T, Carlsen PH, Nistad VH, Røksund OD, Halvorsen T et al. European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery (2025)
[5]
Post-Exercise Hypotension after Exercising in Hypoxia with and Without Tart Cherry Supplementation. — Horiuchi M, Oliver SJ High altitude medicine & biology (2025)
[6]
Normal Hemodynamic Response to Exercise. — Ferrara F, Carbone A, Polito MV, Sasso C, Bossone E Heart failure clinics (2025)
[7]
Exercise and Neuroendocrinology. — Hackney AC Current topics in behavioral neurosciences (2024)
[8]
What do we know about Objective Structured Clinical Examination in Sport and Exercise Medicine? A scoping review. — El Sherif R, Shrier I, Paul-Tellier P, Rodriguez C Canadian medical education journal (2024)
[9]
Towards Precision Sports Nutrition for Endurance Athletes: A Scoping Review of Application of Omics and Wearables Technologies. — Bedrač L, Deutsch L, Terzić S, Červek M, Šelb J, Ašič U et al. Nutrients (2024)
[10]
You have to work twice as hard as a woman to show that you are competent. Experiences, opportunities and workplace gender harassment for Sport and Exercise Medicine practitioners working in elite sport in Australia. — Cowan SM, Girdwood M, Haberfield M, Mosler AB, Bruder AM, Mahony K et al. British journal of sports medicine (2024)
[11]
The Assessment of Affective Responses within Exercise Prescription: A Narrative Review. — Hartman ME, Hernandez J International journal of sports medicine (2023)
[12]
Underrepresentation of women in exercise science and physiology research is associated with authorship gender. — James JJ, Klevenow EA, Atkinson MA, Vosters EE, Bueckers EP, Quinn ME et al. Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) (2023)
[13]
Vitamin D status modulates innate immune responses and metabolomic profiles following acute prolonged cycling. — Jones AW, Mironas A, Mur LAJ, Beckmann M, Thatcher R, Davison G European journal of nutrition (2023)
[14]
Potential Long-Term Health Problems Associated with Ultra-Endurance Running: A Narrative Review. — Scheer V, Tiller NB, Doutreleau S, Khodaee M, Knechtle B, Pasternak A et al. Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) (2022)
[15]
Recent Progress in Applicability of Exercise Immunology and Inflammation Research to Sports Nutrition. — Suzuki K Nutrients (2021)
[16]
International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: sodium bicarbonate and exercise performance. — Grgic J, Pedisic Z, Saunders B, Artioli GG, Schoenfeld BJ, McKenna MJ et al. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition (2021)
[17]
Prolonged Elevation of Tricuspid Regurgitation Pressure Gradient After Exercise in Patients With Exercise-induced Pulmonary Hypertension. — Yamano M, Yamano T, Takamatsu K, Ma C, Wakana N, Yanishi K et al. The American journal of cardiology (2021)
[18]
What Should I Eat before Exercise? Pre-Exercise Nutrition and the Response to Endurance Exercise: Current Prospective and Future Directions. — Rothschild JA, Kilding AE, Plews DJ Nutrients (2020)
[19]
Foam Rolling and Muscle and Joint Proprioception After Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage. — Naderi A, Rezvani MH, Degens H Journal of athletic training (2020)
[20]
Estimation of minute ventilation by heart rate for field exercise studies. — Cruz R, Alves DL, Rumenig E, Gonçalves R, Degaki E, Pasqua L et al. Scientific reports (2020)
[21]
Social media and e-learning use among European exercise science students. — Rigamonti L, Dolci A, Galetta F, Stefanelli C, Hughes M, Bartsch M et al. Health promotion international (2020)
[22]
Are questionable research practices facilitating new discoveries in sport and exercise medicine? The proportion of supported hypotheses is implausibly high. — Büttner F, Toomey E, McClean S, Roe M, Delahunt E British journal of sports medicine (2020)
[23]
(no title) — Leońska-Duniec A, Maculewicz E, Humińska-Lisowska K, Maciejewska-Skrendo A, Leźnicka K, Cięszczyk P et al. Genes (2020)
[24]
Nutrition and Supplement Update for the Endurance Athlete: Review and Recommendations. — Vitale K, Getzin A Nutrients (2019)
[25]
Effects of erythropoietin abuse on exercise performance. — Sgrò P, Sansone M, Sansone A, Romanelli F, Di Luigi L The Physician and sportsmedicine (2018)
[26]
Medical Care at a Large Vertical Running Event. — Nash CJ, Richards CT, Schwieger G, Malik S, Chiampas GT Prehospital emergency care (2018)
[27]
A Delphi developed syllabus for the medical specialty of sport and exercise medicine. — Humphries D, Jaques R, Dijkstra HP British journal of sports medicine (2018)
[28]
Probiotic supplementation in trained trotter horses: effect on blood clinical pathology data and urine metabolomic assessed in field. — Laghi L, Zhu C, Campagna G, Rossi G, Bazzano M, Laus F Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) (2018)
[29]
Estimation of sweat rates during cycling exercise by means of the closed chamber condenser technology. — Clarys P, Clijsen R, Barel AO, Schouteden R, van Olst B, Aerenhouts D Skin research and technology : official journal of International Society for Bioengineering and the Skin (ISBS) [and] International Society for Digital Imaging of Skin (ISDIS) [and] International Society for Skin Imaging (ISSI) (2017)
[30]
Whey Protein Improves Marathon-Induced Injury and Exercise Performance in Elite Track Runners. — Huang WC, Chang YC, Chen YM, Hsu YJ, Huang CC, Kan NW et al. International journal of medical sciences (2017)
[31]
International society of sports nutrition position stand: nutrient timing. — Kerksick CM, Arent S, Schoenfeld BJ, Stout JR, Campbell B, Wilborn CD et al. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition (2017)
[32]
Realising the Potential of Urine and Saliva as Diagnostic Tools in Sport and Exercise Medicine. — Lindsay A, Costello JT Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) (2017)
[33]
Medical Coverage of Ultramarathons and Its Unique Challenges. — Larson HH, Khalili-Borna D, Uzosike E, Sugiyama D Current sports medicine reports (2016)
[34]
Misuse of "Power" and Other Mechanical Terms in Sport and Exercise Science Research. — Winter EM, Abt G, Brookes FB, Challis JH, Fowler NE, Knudson DV et al. Journal of strength and conditioning research (2016)
[35]
New strategies in sport nutrition to increase exercise performance. — Close GL, Hamilton DL, Philp A, Burke LM, Morton JP Free radical biology & medicine (2016)
[36]
Innovative Operations Measures and Nutritional Support for Mass Endurance Events. — Chiampas GT, Goyal AV Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) (2015)
[37]
Larynx during exercise: the unexplored bottleneck of the airways. — Røksund OD, Heimdal JH, Olofsson J, Maat RC, Halvorsen T European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery (2015)
[38]
Pseudoephedrine and circadian rhythm interaction on neuromuscular performance. — Pallarés JG, López-Samanes Á, Fernández-Elías VE, Aguado-Jiménez R, Ortega JF, Gómez C et al. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports (2015)
[39]
A consideration of the paradigm of exercise physiology. — Kilgore JL, Baker JS, Davies B Research in sports medicine (Print) (2014)
[40]
An organized medical response for the Vancouver International Marathon (2006-2011): when the rubber hits the road. — Turris SA, Lund A, Mui J, Wang P, Lewis K, Gutman SJ Current sports medicine reports (2014)
[41]
Developing a strategic research framework for sport and exercise medicine. — Holtzhausen LJ, van Zyl GJ, Nel MM British journal of sports medicine (2014)
[42]
Older females are at higher risk for medical complications during 21 km road race running: a prospective study in 39 511 race starters--SAFER study III. — Schwabe K, Schwellnus MP, Derman W, Swanevelder S, Jordaan E British journal of sports medicine (2014)
[43]
Ultra-endurance exercise: unanswered questions in redox biology and immunology. — Turner JE, Bennett SJ, Bosch JA, Griffiths HR, Aldred S Biochemical Society transactions (2014)
[44]
Acute changes to biomarkers as a consequence of prolonged strenuous running. — Bird SR, Linden M, Hawley JA Annals of clinical biochemistry (2014)
[45]
Evaluating the influence of different modes of administration of a pre-exercise screening tool. — Brickwood KJ, Williams AD, Ahuja KD, Fell JW Journal of science and medicine in sport (2013)
[46]
Thomas Kuhn's 'Structure of Scientific Revolutions' applied to exercise science paradigm shifts: example including the Central Governor Model. — Pires FO British journal of sports medicine (2013)
[47]
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Roles of nitric oxide and prostaglandins in the hyperemic response to a maximal metabolic stimulus: redundancy prevails. — Lopez MG, Silva BM, Joyner MJ, Casey DP European journal of applied physiology (2013)
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Oxygen uptake kinetics. — Poole DC, Jones AM Comprehensive Physiology (2012)
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Do the speeds defined by the American College of Sports Medicine metabolic equation for running produce target energy expenditures during isocaloric exercise bouts? — Cunha FA, Catalão RP, Midgley AW, Gurgel J, Porto F, Farinatti PT European journal of applied physiology (2012)
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Ischemic exercise hyperemia in the human forearm: reproducibility and roles of adenosine and nitric oxide. — Lopez MG, Silva BM, Joyner MJ, Casey DP European journal of applied physiology (2012)
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Exercise-associated collapse: an evidence-based review and primer for clinicians. — Asplund CA, O'Connor FG, Noakes TD British journal of sports medicine (2011)
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Suppression of information on the prevalence and prevention of exercise-associated hyponatraemia. — Shephard RJ British journal of sports medicine (2011)
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Training for intense exercise performance: high-intensity or high-volume training? — Laursen PB Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports (2010)
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Nullius in verba: a call for the incorporation of evidence-based practice into the discipline of exercise science. — Amonette WE, English KL, Ottenbacher KJ Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) (2010)
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Respiratory indices by gas analysis and fat metabolism by indirect calorimetry in normal subjects and triathletes. — Steding K, Buhre T, Arheden H, Wohlfart B Clinical physiology and functional imaging (2010)
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Specialty and curriculum development. — Batt ME, Cullen M British journal of hospital medicine (London, England : 2005) (2009)
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Thermoregulation, fatigue and exercise modality. — Tucker R Medicine and sport science (2008)
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Application of positron emission tomography to neuroimaging in sports sciences. — Tashiro M, Itoh M, Fujimoto T, Masud MM, Watanuki S, Yanai K Methods (San Diego, Calif.) (2008)
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Practical application of the Sports Medicine Australia pre-exercise screening system. — McHugh IJ, Williams AD, Fell JW Journal of science and medicine in sport (2008)
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Positron emission tomography ligand activation studies in the sports sciences: measuring neurochemistry in vivo. — Boecker H, Henriksen G, Sprenger T, Miederer I, Willoch F, Valet M et al. Methods (San Diego, Calif.) (2008)
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Exercise-associated collapse care matrix in the marathon. — Roberts WO Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) (2007)
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An overview of the 1976 New York academy of science meeting. — Costill D Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) (2007)
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Using microtechnology to monitor thermal strain and enhance performance in the field. — Sleivert GG International journal of sports physiology and performance (2007)
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Professional practice in exercise science : the need for greater disciplinary balance. — Ives JC, Knudson D Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) (2007)
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Lactate: link between glycolytic and oxidative metabolism. — Brooks GA Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) (2007)
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Central versus peripheral cardiovascular limitation to exercise: the role of two-modality testing. — Ben-Dov I, Reuveny R, Gaides M Respiration; international review of thoracic diseases (2007)
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Opening the Chamber of secrets: our response to "the end of the beginning". — Till SH, Batt ME British journal of sports medicine (2006)
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Plasma oxidative stress biomarkers, nitric oxide and heat shock protein 70 in trained elite soccer players. — Banfi G, Malavazos A, Iorio E, Dolci A, Doneda L, Verna R et al. European journal of applied physiology (2006)
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Evidence of functional hyperemia in the rat hippocampus during mild treadmill running. — Nishijima T, Soya H Neuroscience research (2006)
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Increased astrocyte proliferation in rats after running exercise. — Li J, Ding YH, Rafols JA, Lai Q, McAllister JP, Ding Y Neuroscience letters (2005)
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Application of near infrared spectroscopy to exercise sports science. — Neary JP Canadian journal of applied physiology = Revue canadienne de physiologie appliquee (2004)
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A proposed test for determining physical working capacity at the oxygen consumption threshold (PWCVO2). — Miller JM, Housh TJ, Coburn JW, Cramer JT, Johnson GO Journal of strength and conditioning research (2004)
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Endocannabinoids and exercise. — Dietrich A, McDaniel WF British journal of sports medicine (2004)
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Exercise testing in pediatrics. — Stephens P, Paridon SM Pediatric clinics of North America (2004)
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An analysis of undergraduate exercise science programs: an exercise science curriculum survey. — Elder CL, Pujol TJ, Barnes JT Journal of strength and conditioning research (2003)
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Estimating the total energy demand for supra-maximal exercise using the VO2-power regression from an incremental exercise test. — Aisbett B, Le Rossignol P Journal of science and medicine in sport (2003)
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Effect of measuring blood lactate concentrations using different automated lactate analysers on blood lactate transition thresholds. — Buckley JD, Bourdon PC, Woolford SM Journal of science and medicine in sport (2003)
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The relevance of melatonin to sports medicine and science. — Atkinson G, Drust B, Reilly T, Waterhouse J Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) (2003)
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Biomagnetism: a new tool in sport and exercise science. — Lewis MJ Journal of sports sciences (2003)
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Regression to the mean. A threat to exercise science? — Shephard RJ Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) (2003)
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Ethics in exercise science research. — Shephard RJ Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) (2002)
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A comparison of the lactate Pro, Accusport, Analox GM7 and Kodak Ektachem lactate analysers in normal, hot and humid conditions. — Mc Naughton LR, Thompson D, Philips G, Backx K, Crickmore L International journal of sports medicine (2002)

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