Overview
Myocardial injury refers to damage to the heart muscle, often characterized by elevated cardiac biomarkers such as troponin, and can result from various etiologies including ischemic insult, chemotherapy, inflammation, and environmental factors. It is a significant clinical concern due to its association with adverse outcomes and mortality 31922.Diagnosis
Management
Special Populations
Key Recommendations
References
Showing 100 most recent of 564 indexed papers.
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Hydrogen Nanobubbles Inhibit Oxidative Stress and Myocardial Fibrosis to Reverse Chemotherapy-Induced Myocardial Injury. ACS applied materials & interfaces 2026. link 5 Tomimatsu M, Obana M, Tanaka S, Kajiura R, Nagano R, Matsumoto K et al.. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis identified GARP-expressing myeloid cells that deteriorate postinfarct myocardial remodeling. American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology 2026. link 6 Shi X, Zhong J, Liu X, Guo S, Li W, Zhang J et al.. Inducing In Situ Functional Maturation of Transplanted Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes: Establishing Strategies for Treating Myocardial Injury. Advanced healthcare materials 2026. link 7 Ilic A, Radisavljevic N, Mutavdzin Krneta S, Todorovic D, Boricic N, Stankovic S et al.. Translocator Protein Modulation by PK11195 and NO Synthase Inhibition Affect Cardiac Oxidative Stress and Cardiometabolic and Inflammatory Markers in Isoprenaline-Induced Rat Myocardial Injury. International journal of molecular sciences 2026. link 8 Sarman E, Asci H, Uysal D, Selcuk E, Kucuktepe Z, Kolay O et al.. Rivastigmine attenuates LPS-induced cardiotoxicity via modulation of ER stress, oxidative pathways and apoptosis: Evidence from a rat model. Microvascular research 2026. link 9 Yu M, Fu W, Feng S, Ma W, Zuo S, Zhang Z et al.. Inonotus obliquus (Ach. ex Pers.) Pilát aqueous extract alleviates acute cold exposure/rewarming-induced myocardial injury by regulating mitochondrial dynamics via liver kinase B1/adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha signaling pathway activation. Journal of ethnopharmacology 2026. link 10 Luo L, Li L, Wu S, Zeng X, Fan L. Mesenchymal stem cell exosomes alleviate ischemic myocardial injury by miR-125b-5p/BTG2 pathway. Molecular and cellular biochemistry 2026. link 11 Qin Y, Shen D, Guo K, Meng X, Cui X, Li Y et al.. Exosomes derived from AHR-overexpressing human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells attenuate H/R injury via AHR/NLRP3 pathway. Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) 2026. link 12 Xu Y, Di X, Cai Y, Hu S. Pre-treatment with sevoflurane alleviates hypoxia-reoxygenation-induced cardiomyocyte damage through PAX8-AS1-targeted miR-145-5p. Toxicology and applied pharmacology 2026. link 13 Zhao X, Li H, Yuan Y, Cao Q, Yu B, Xue W et al.. Apigenin Protects H9c2 Cells Against Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation/Reperfusion Injury by Regulating Autophagy via the HIF-1α/miR-20a Axis. Pharmacology research & perspectives 2026. link 14 Ackland GL, Pinto BB. The PRINCE trial of remote ischaemic preconditioning in noncardiac surgery to reduce myocardial injury: sign o' the times. British journal of anaesthesia 2026. link 15 Zhang Z, Duan Y, Huo H, Wang Y, Gao Z. Impact of partial hepatectomy versus other major abdominal surgeries on postoperative myocardial injury: a propensity score-matched analysis. BMC gastroenterology 2026. link 16 Vilariño FMÁ, Cheong I, Gómez RA. The value of speckle tracking echocardiography in diagnosing minoxidil-induced cardiotoxicity: a case report. Journal of ultrasound 2025. link 17 Zhu M, Yuan Z, Wen C, Wei X. DEX Inhibits H/R-induced Cardiomyocyte Ferroptosis by the miR-141-3p/lncRNA TUG1 Axis. The Thoracic and cardiovascular surgeon 2025. link 18 Lu S, Zhang Y, Yu W. Activation of the AMPK-mTOR Pathway by Astaxanthin Against Cold Ischemia-Reperfusion in Rat Liver. The Tohoku journal of experimental medicine 2025. link 19 Haller PM, Kellner C, Sörensen NA, Lehmacher J, Toprak B, Schock A et al.. Long-term outcome of patients presenting with myocardial injury or myocardial infarction. Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society 2025. link 20 Özel HF, Özbek M, Özden MT, Vatansever HS. Cardioprotective effects of H3 receptor activation could be double-sided: insights from isoproterenol-induced cardiac injury. Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology 2025. link 21 Li L, Liu Y, Katrukha IA, Zhang L, Shu X, Xu A et al.. Characterization of Cardiac Troponin Fragment Composition Reveals Potential for Differentiating Etiologies of Myocardial Injury. Clinical chemistry 2025. link 22 Vernooij LM, van Waes JAR, Grobben RB, van Lier F, Feng S, Machina M et al.. Postoperative myocardial injury phenotypes and self-reported disability in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery: a multicentre observational study. British journal of anaesthesia 2024. link 23 Qiang YW, Hao MH, Yang J. Urinary cadmium was linearly and positively associated with cardiac infarction/injury score and subclinical myocardial injury in the general population without cardiovascular diseases and chronic kidney disease. International urology and nephrology 2024. link 24 Zhou X, Xia X. Ginsenoside Rg3 improves microcystin-induced cardiotoxicity through the miR-128-3p/MDM4 axis. Drug and chemical toxicology 2024. link 25 Golino M, Morello M, Marazzato J, Blasi F, Chierchia V, Oliva CA et al.. Sex-related differences in non-ischemic myocardial injury in the emergency department: A real-world perspective. International journal of cardiology 2024. link 26 Emoto T, Kidoh M, Oda S, Sakabe D, Morita K, Hatemura M et al.. Diagnostic performance of unenhanced electrocardiogram-gated cardiac CT for detecting myocardial edema. Medicine 2024. link 27 Li J, Lei Y, Zhao Y. Metallothionein-2A Protects Cardiomyocytes from Hypoxia/reper-Fusion through Inhibiting p38. Cell biochemistry and biophysics 2023. link 28 Wang L, Zheng M, Tang Y, Yin Y, Liu Y, Liu G. Impact of various periods of perfusion-pause and reperfusion on the severity of myocardial injury in the langenodorff model. Perfusion 2023. link 29 Beltrán de Heredia S, Mases A, Recasens L, Sabaté S, Núñez M, Bosch L et al.. Mortality and incidence of cardiovascular events in patients treated with aspirin and statins at one year after myocardial injury in noncardiac surgery: a prospective observational study. Minerva anestesiologica 2023. link 30 Yao M, Wang J, Zhang J, Guo Y, Ni Z, Jia X et al.. Asiaticoside attenuates oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation-caused injury of cardiomyocytes by inhibiting autophagy. Journal of applied toxicology : JAT 2023. link 31 Ragusa R, Masotti S, Musetti V, Rocchiccioli S, Prontera C, Perrone M et al.. Cardiac troponins: Mechanisms of release and role in healthy and diseased subjects. BioFactors (Oxford, England) 2023. link 32 Mølgaard AK, Gasbjerg KS, Meyhoff CS, Lunn TH, Jakobsen JC, Gögenur I et al.. Effect of Dexamethasone on Myocardial Injury After Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Substudy of the Randomized Clinical DEX-2-TKA Trial. The American journal of medicine 2023. link 33 Hong J, Chatila KF, John JJ, Thakker RA, Kassem H. Insight on the Etiologies of Chronically Elevated Troponin. Current problems in cardiology 2023. link 34 Naseroleslami M, Aboutaleb N. Human amniotic membrane mesenchymal stem cells exert cardioprotective effects against isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial injury through suppression of inflammation and modulation of inflammatory MAPK/NF-κB pathway. Cell and tissue banking 2022. link 35 Gomes SA, Trigo C, Pinto FF. (no title). Cardiology in the young 2022. link 36 Ellenberger C, Schorer R, Diaper J, Jeleff A, Luise S, Hagermann A et al.. Myocardial injury after major noncardiac surgery: A secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Surgery 2022. link 37 Oglakci-Ilhan A, Kusat-Ol K, Uzuner K, Uysal O, Sogut I, Yucel F et al.. Effect of chronic alcohol consumption on myocardial apoptosis in the rat model of isoproterenol-induced myocardial injury and investigation on the cardioprotective role of calpain inhibitor 1. Drug and chemical toxicology 2022. link 38 Huang Y, Chen S, Yang X, Lin Z, Yan L, Wang F et al.. Impact of serum uric acid on subclinical myocardial injury in general population. Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD 2022. link 39 Wang AP, Homme JL, Qureshi MY, Sandoval Y, Jaffe AS. High-Sensitivity Troponin T Testing for Pediatric Patients in the Emergency Department. Pediatric cardiology 2022. link 40 Wang Y, Jian Y, Zhang X, Ni B, Wang M, Pan C. Melatonin protects H9c2 cardiomyoblasts from oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion-induced injury by inhibiting Rac1/JNK/Foxo3a/Bim signaling pathway. Cell biology international 2022. link 41 Park J, Oh AR, Kwon JH, Kim S, Kim J, Yang K et al.. Association between cardiologist evaluation and mortality in myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery. Heart (British Cardiac Society) 2022. link 42 Canty JM. Myocardial injury, troponin release, and cardiomyocyte death in brief ischemia, failure, and ventricular remodeling. American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology 2022. link 43 Kousa O, Essa A, Saleh M, Ahsan MJ, Alali Y, Pajjuru V et al.. The Impact of Cardiology Consultation on Medical Intensive Care Unit Patients with Elevated Troponin Levels. The American journal of the medical sciences 2021. link 44 Simko F, Baka T, Repova K, Aziriova S, Krajcirovicova K, Paulis L et al.. Ivabradine improves survival and attenuates cardiac remodeling in isoproterenol-induced myocardial injury. Fundamental & clinical pharmacology 2021. link 45 Lu Y, Yang M, Peng M, Xie L, Shen A, Lin S et al.. Kuanxiong aerosol inhibits apoptosis and attenuates isoproterenol-induced myocardial injury through the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Journal of ethnopharmacology 2021. link 46 Gan X, Gong T, Zheng Y, Gopinath SCB, Zhao K. Electroimmunodetection of cardiac C-reactive protein for determining myocardial Injury. Biotechnology and applied biochemistry 2021. link 47 Sousa J, Rocha-Neves J, Oliveira-Pinto J, Mansilha A. Myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery (MINS) in EVAR patients: a retrospective single-centered study. The Journal of cardiovascular surgery 2021. link 48 Yang HS, Shemesh A, Li J, Xie T, Apple FS, Williams J et al.. No increase in the incidence of cardiac troponin I concentration above the 99th percentile by Siemens Centaur high-sensitivity compared to the contemporary assay. Clinical biochemistry 2021. link 49 Iddagoda MT. The role of high-sensitive troponin measurement as a biomarker during the postoperative period for the detection of myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery. Journal of perioperative practice 2021. link 50 Lee S, Allen AJH, Morley E, Swart P, Henderson W, Jen R et al.. Perioperative myocardial injury risk after elective knee and hip arthroplasty in patients with a high risk of obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung 2021. link 51 Zheng D, Cao T, Zhang LL, Fan GC, Qiu J, Peng TQ. Targeted inhibition of calpain in mitochondria alleviates oxidative stress-induced myocardial injury. Acta pharmacologica Sinica 2021. link 52 Costa MCDBG, Furtado MV, Borges FK, Ziegelmann PK, Suzumura ÉA, Berwanger O et al.. Perioperative Troponin Screening Identifies Patients at Higher Risk for Major Cardiovascular Events in Noncardiac Surgery. Current problems in cardiology 2021. link 53 Emrich T, Kros M, Schoepf UJ, Geyer M, Mildenberger P, Kloeckner R et al.. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging features prognostic information in patients with suspected myocardial infarction with non-obstructed coronary arteries. International journal of cardiology 2021. link 54 Bonet G, Carrasquer A, Peiró ÓM, Sanchez-Gimenez R, Lal-Trehan N, Del-Moral-Ronda V et al.. Clinical characteristics and prognostic implications of diabetes and myocardial injury in patients admitted to the emergency room. BMC cardiovascular disorders 2021. link 55 Lee S, Hwang HS, Song N, Kang GH, Choi KH, Ji E et al.. Effect of Neprilysin Inhibition for Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation after Myocardial Injury. International journal of molecular sciences 2021. link 56 Long B, Long DA, Tannenbaum L, Koyfman A. An emergency medicine approach to troponin elevation due to causes other than occlusion myocardial infarction. The American journal of emergency medicine 2020. link 57 Ekeloef S, Bjerrum E, Kristiansen P, Wahlstrøm K, Burcharth J, Gögenur I. The risk of post-operative myocardial injury after major emergency abdominal surgery: A retrospective cohort study. Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 2020. link 58 Mo W, Shen J, Huang X, Zhang Y, Zhang Z. Acute myocardial injury following hydrogen sulfide poisoning. Toxicology and industrial health 2020. link 59 Fujii M, Bessho R. Neutrophil Elastase Inhibitor Sivelestat Attenuates Myocardial Injury after Cardioplegic Arrest in Rat Hearts. Annals of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery : official journal of the Association of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeons of Asia 2020. link 60 Feriani A, Tir M, Gómez-Caravaca AM, Contreras MDM, Talhaoui N, Taamalli A et al.. HPLC-DAD-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS profiling of Zygophyllum album roots extract and assessment of its cardioprotective effect against deltamethrin-induced myocardial injuries in rat, by suppression of oxidative stress-related inflammation and apoptosis via NF-κB signaling pathway. Journal of ethnopharmacology 2020. link 61 Boshra SA. Resveratrol Modulates miR-34a in Cardiotoxicity Induced by Isoproterenol. Journal of medicinal food 2020. link 62 Meershoek AJA, Leunissen TC, van Waes JAR, Klei WA, Huisman A, de Groot MCH et al.. Reticulated Platelets as Predictor of Myocardial Injury and 30 Day Mortality After Non-cardiac Surgery. European journal of vascular and endovascular surgery : the official journal of the European Society for Vascular Surgery 2020. link 63 Petersen C, Loft FC, Aasvang EK, Vester-Andersen M, Rasmussen LS, Wetterslev J et al.. Hyperoxia and antioxidants during major non-cardiac surgery and risk of cardiovascular events: Protocol for a 2 × 2 factorial randomised clinical trial. Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 2020. link 64 Kadesjö E, Roos A, Siddiqui AJ, Sartipy U, Holzmann MJ. Causes of Death in Patients With Acute and Chronic Myocardial Injury. The American journal of medicine 2020. link 65 Wu P, Zhang Z, Ma G, Li J, Zhou W. Transcriptomics and metabolomics reveal the cardioprotective effect of Compound Danshen tablet on isoproterenol-induced myocardial injury in high-fat-diet fed mice. Journal of ethnopharmacology 2020. link 66 Mishra S, Chattopadhyay A, Naaz S, Ghosh AK, Das AR, Bandyopadhyay D. Oleic acid ameliorates adrenaline induced dysfunction of rat heart mitochondria by binding with adrenaline: An isothermal titration calorimetry study. Life sciences 2019. link 67 Dong Y, Bai Y, Zhang S, Xu W, Xu J, Zhou Y et al.. Cyclic peptide RD808 reduces myocardial injury induced by β. Heart and vessels 2019. link 68 Zhang WX, Xiao XY, Peng CG, Chen WL, Xie S, Wang DW. Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfate protects myocardium against paraquat-induced toxicity through activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway in rats. Human & experimental toxicology 2019. link 69 Lu Y, Bu M, Yun H. Sevoflurane prevents hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis by inhibiting PI3KC3-mediated autophagy. Human cell 2019. link 70 Lambrakis K, French JK, Scott IA, Briffa T, Brieger D, Farkouh ME et al.. The appropriateness of coronary investigation in myocardial injury and type 2 myocardial infarction (ACT-2): A randomized trial design. American heart journal 2019. link 71 Bardají A, Bonet G, Carrasquer A, González-Del Hoyo M, Vásquez-Nuñez K, Ali S et al.. Clinical Features and Prognosis of Patients with Acute and Chronic Myocardial Injury Admitted to the Emergency Department. The American journal of medicine 2019. link 72 Nomura Y, Hayashi N, Hanaoka S, Takenaga T, Nemoto M, Miki S et al.. Can the spherical gold standards be used as an alternative to painted gold standards for the computerized detection of lesions using voxel-based classification?. Japanese journal of radiology 2019. link 73 Chen QF, Wang W, Huang Z, Huang DL, Wang F, Li J et al.. Role of high-mobility group B1 in myocardial injury induced by coronary microembolization in rats. Journal of cellular biochemistry 2019. link 74 Yang H, Wang C, Zhang L, Lv J, Ni H. Rutin alleviates hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced injury in myocardial cells by up-regulating SIRT1 expression. Chemico-biological interactions 2019. link 75 Cirer-Sastre R, Legaz-Arrese A, Corbi F, George K, Nie J, Carranza-García LE et al.. Cardiac Biomarker Release After Exercise in Healthy Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Pediatric exercise science 2019. link 76 Chen JF, Smilowitz NR, Kim JT, Cuff G, Boltunova A, Toffey J et al.. Medical therapy for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in patients with myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery. International journal of cardiology 2019. link 77 Sözmen M, Devrim AK, Kabak YB, Devrim T. Periostin alters transcriptional profile in a rat model of isoproterenol-induced cardiotoxicity. Human & experimental toxicology 2019. link 78 Kadesjö E, Roos A, Siddiqui A, Desta L, Lundbäck M, Holzmann MJ. Acute versus chronic myocardial injury and long-term outcomes. Heart (British Cardiac Society) 2019. link 79 Pereira-Macedo J, Rocha-Neves JP, Dias-Neto MF, Andrade JPV. Prognostic effect of troponin elevation in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy with regional anesthesia - A prospective study. International journal of surgery (London, England) 2019. link 80 Berkowitz J, Snyder S. Editorial Commentary: SLAP Repair-The Anterosuperior Portal for Anchor Placement Is Best. Arthroscopy : the journal of arthroscopic & related surgery : official publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association 2018. link 81 Luo H, Fan Z, Xiang D, Jiang Z, Zhang W, Gao L et al.. The protective effect of umbelliferone ameliorates myocardial injury following ischemia‑reperfusion in the rat through suppression NLRP3 inflammasome and upregulating the PPAR-γ. Molecular medicine reports 2018. link 82 Yuan Y, Pan SS, Shen YJ. Cardioprotection of exercise preconditioning involving heat shock protein 70 and concurrent autophagy: a potential chaperone-assisted selective macroautophagy effect. The journal of physiological sciences : JPS 2018. link 83 Wu Z, Zhao S, Li C, Liu C. LncRNA TUG1 serves an important role in hypoxia-induced myocardial cell injury by regulating the miR‑145‑5p‑Binp3 axis. Molecular medicine reports 2018. link 84 Wu LH, Zhang Q, Zhang S, Meng LY, Wang YC, Sheng CJ. Effects of gene knockdown of CNP on ventricular remodeling after myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury through NPRB/Cgmp signaling pathway in rats. Journal of cellular biochemistry 2018. link 85 Cui XH, Wang HL, Wu R, Yao PA, Wei KZ, Gao JP. Effect of Atractylodes macrocephala rhizoma on isoproterenol‑induced ventricular remodeling in rats. Molecular medicine reports 2018. link 86 van Lier F, Wesdorp FHIM, Liem VGB, Potters JW, Grüne F, Boersma H et al.. Association between postoperative mean arterial blood pressure and myocardial injury after noncardiac surgery. British journal of anaesthesia 2018. link 87 Li X, Zhu Q, Liu Y, Yang Z, Li B. Gastrodin protects myocardial cells against hypoxia/reoxygenation injury in neonatal rats by inhibiting cell autophagy through the activation of mTOR signals in PI3K-Akt pathway. The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology 2018. link 88 Puelacher C, Lurati Buse G, Seeberger D, Sazgary L, Marbot S, Lampart A et al.. Perioperative Myocardial Injury After Noncardiac Surgery: Incidence, Mortality, and Characterization. Circulation 2018. link 89 Jacob J, Ngo D, Finkel N, Pitts R, Gleim S, Benson MD et al.. Application of Large-Scale Aptamer-Based Proteomic Profiling to Planned Myocardial Infarctions. Circulation 2018. link 90 Geldi O, Kubat E, Ünal CS, Canbaz S. Acetaminophen Mitigates Myocardial Injury Induced by Lower Extremity Ischemia-Reperfusion in Rat Model. Brazilian journal of cardiovascular surgery 2018. link 91 Shellikeri S, Setser RM, Hwang TJ, Srinivasan A, Krishnamurthy G, Vatsky S et al.. Real-time fluoroscopic needle guidance in the interventional radiology suite using navigational software for percutaneous bone biopsies in children. Pediatric radiology 2017. link 92 Yang C, Jiao Y, Yan N, Wu B, Ren Y, Li H et al.. NOD2 mediates isoflurane preconditioning-induced protection of myocardial injury. Neuroscience letters 2017. link 93 Sandoval Y, Thygesen K. Myocardial Infarction Type 2 and Myocardial Injury. Clinical chemistry 2017. link 94 Yung BS, Brand CS, Xiang SY, Gray CB, Means CK, Rosen H et al.. Selective coupling of the S1P. Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology 2017. link 95 Zangi L, Oliveira MS, Ye LY, Ma Q, Sultana N, Hadas Y et al.. Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Receptor-Dependent Pathway Drives Epicardial Adipose Tissue Formation After Myocardial Injury. Circulation 2017. link 96 Lu J, Pan SS. Elevated C-type natriuretic peptide elicits exercise preconditioning-induced cardioprotection against myocardial injury probably via the up-regulation of NPR-B. The journal of physiological sciences : JPS 2017. link 97 Järve A, Mühlstedt S, Qadri F, Nickl B, Schulz H, Hübner N et al.. Adverse left ventricular remodeling by glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B in myocardial infarction. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 2017. link 98 Wallace AN, Pacheco RA, Tomasian A, Hsi AC, Long J, Chang RO et al.. Fluoroscopy-Guided Percutaneous Vertebral Body Biopsy Using a Novel Drill-Powered Device: Technical Case Series. Cardiovascular and interventional radiology 2016. link 99 Langhorn R, Willesen JL. Cardiac Troponins in Dogs and Cats. Journal of veterinary internal medicine 2016. link 100 Sommer S, Leistner M, Aleksic I, Schimmer C, Alhussini K, Kanofsky P et al.. Impact of levosimendan and ischaemia-reperfusion injury on myocardial subsarcolemmal mitochondrial respiratory chain, mitochondrial membrane potential, Ca2+ cycling and ATP synthesis. European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery 2016. link