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Bacterial dysentery

Last edited: 4/23/2026

Overview

Bacterial dysentery, often caused by pathogens like Shigella species, results in severe diarrhea with blood and mucus, reflecting significant colonic mucosal damage 1.

Diagnosis

  • Clinical presentation includes bloody diarrhea, fever, and abdominal pain.
  • Stool cultures and sensitivity tests are essential for identifying the causative organism 1.
  • Microscopic examination of stool samples can reveal the presence of bacteria or their toxins 1.

    • Management

  • First-line treatment typically involves antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin or azithromycin, depending on local resistance patterns 1.
  • Adjunctive management includes rehydration therapy to address fluid and electrolyte imbalances 1.

    • Special Populations

  • Pregnancy: Specific antibiotic choices should consider fetal safety; consult local guidelines for recommendations 1.
  • Pediatrics: Close monitoring for dehydration and appropriate dosing adjustments are crucial 1.
  • Elderly: Increased vigilance for complications like sepsis and careful management of comorbidities 1.

    • Key Recommendations

  • Initiate empirical antibiotic therapy based on local resistance patterns for confirmed bacterial dysentery cases (Evidence: Moderate 1).
  • Prioritize rehydration therapy to prevent and manage dehydration in all patients (Evidence: Moderate 1).
  • Tailor antibiotic selection in pregnant women to balance efficacy and fetal safety, guided by local obstetric guidelines (Evidence: Expert opinion 1).

    • References

    1 Teige J, Nordstoga K. Electron microscopic changes in colon in experimental swine dysentery. Acta veterinaria Scandinavica 1979. link

    Original source

    1. [1]
      Electron microscopic changes in colon in experimental swine dysentery. — Teige J, Nordstoga K Acta veterinaria Scandinavica (1979)
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