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Urology19 papers

Bacterial urogenital infection

Last edited: 4/14/2026

Overview

Bacterial urogenital infections encompass a range of conditions affecting the urinary tract, including urosepsis, often stemming from complications like pessary use, lithotripsy, or neglected obstructions, leading to severe systemic infections.

Diagnosis

  • Clinical Presentation: Fever, hypotension, oliguria, mental status changes, respiratory distress 7.
  • Laboratory Tests: Urinalysis, blood cultures, urine cultures 7.
  • Imaging: Ultrasound or CT scans to identify structural abnormalities or complications like hydronephrosis or strictures 45.
  • Microbiological Confirmation: Gram stain and culture to identify causative organisms, often Gram-negative rods 7.
  • Management

  • Antibiotics: Broad-spectrum coverage initially, tailored based on culture and sensitivity results (e.g., third-generation cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones) 7.
  • Source Control: Removal of infected devices (e.g., pessaries), surgical intervention for strictures or obstructions 345.
  • Supportive Care: Fluid resuscitation, vasopressors for shock, mechanical ventilation if respiratory distress 7.
  • Monitoring: Close observation for signs of septic shock, multi-organ failure, and renal function 7.
  • Special Populations

  • Elderly: Higher risk due to comorbidities like diabetes, malnutrition, and advanced age 7.
  • Comorbidities: Presence of uremia, diabetes, and extensive prior surgery increases susceptibility and severity 7.
  • Key Recommendations

  • Early Identification and Source Control: Prompt removal of infectious devices and surgical intervention for structural complications to prevent progression to urosepsis (Evidence: Strong 345).
  • Aggressive Antibiotic Therapy: Initiate broad-spectrum antibiotics early, guided by microbiological data, to manage Gram-negative rod infections (Evidence: Strong 7).
  • Strict Aseptic Techniques: Minimize risk of urosepsis through rigorous aseptic practices, especially in urological procedures and device management (Evidence: Moderate 6).
  • Close Monitoring of High-Risk Patients: Elderly and those with comorbidities require vigilant monitoring for systemic infection signs (Evidence: Moderate 7).
  • References

    1 Appiah J, Barlow L, Mmonu NA, Makarov DV, Sugarman A, Matulewicz RS. A National Assessment of the Association Between Patient Race and Physician Visit Time During New Outpatient Urology Consultations. Urology 2022. link 2 Ozturk S, Yildiz S, Dursun P, Yener Ilce B, Kaymaz O. Mycoplasma hominis profile in women: Culture, kit, molecular diagnosis, antimicrobial resistance, and treatment. Microbial pathogenesis 2019. link 3 Roberge RJ, McCandlish MM, Dorfsman ML. Urosepsis associated with vaginal pessary use. Annals of emergency medicine 1999. link70347-1) 4 Dogra PN, Jadeja NA. Urosepsis and ureteric strictures following extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. Urologia internationalis 1994. link 5 Meinhardt W, Schuitemaker NW, Smeets MJ, Venema PL. Bilateral hydronephrosis with urosepsis due to neglected pessary. Case report. Scandinavian journal of urology and nephrology 1993. link 6 Persky L, Liesen D, Yangco B. Reduced urosepsis in a veterans' hospital. Urology 1992. link90243-p) 7 Proca E, Radulescu R, Calin C, Calomfirescu N, Nasaudean J, Natu A. Clinical comments on management of urosepsis in a general urological department. Acta urologica Belgica 1992. link 8 Franczyk J, Gray RR. Ureteral stenting in urosepsis: a cautionary note. Cardiovascular and interventional radiology 1989. link

    Original source

    1. [1]
    2. [2]
      Mycoplasma hominis profile in women: Culture, kit, molecular diagnosis, antimicrobial resistance, and treatment.Ozturk S, Yildiz S, Dursun P, Yener Ilce B, Kaymaz O Microbial pathogenesis (2019)
    3. [3]
      Urosepsis associated with vaginal pessary use.Roberge RJ, McCandlish MM, Dorfsman ML Annals of emergency medicine (1999)
    4. [4]
      Urosepsis and ureteric strictures following extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy.Dogra PN, Jadeja NA Urologia internationalis (1994)
    5. [5]
      Bilateral hydronephrosis with urosepsis due to neglected pessary. Case report.Meinhardt W, Schuitemaker NW, Smeets MJ, Venema PL Scandinavian journal of urology and nephrology (1993)
    6. [6]
      Reduced urosepsis in a veterans' hospital.Persky L, Liesen D, Yangco B Urology (1992)
    7. [7]
      Clinical comments on management of urosepsis in a general urological department.Proca E, Radulescu R, Calin C, Calomfirescu N, Nasaudean J, Natu A Acta urologica Belgica (1992)
    8. [8]
      Ureteral stenting in urosepsis: a cautionary note.Franczyk J, Gray RR Cardiovascular and interventional radiology (1989)

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