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Infectious Disease2301 papers

Fungal respiratory infection

Last edited: 29 days ago

Overview

Fungal respiratory infections encompass a range of mycoses affecting the respiratory tract, including invasive and non-invasive forms, often requiring prompt diagnosis and targeted antifungal therapy. 4445

Diagnosis

  • Clinical symptoms such as cough, fever, and respiratory distress.
  • Microbiological confirmation via sputum cultures, bronchoscopy samples, and molecular diagnostics (PCR).
  • Imaging studies (chest X-ray, CT scans) to assess extent and severity of infection. 444544
  • Management

  • First-line treatments: Voriconazole (oral or IV) and isavuconazole for invasive aspergillosis and other mold infections. 444
  • Adjunctive therapies: Surgical debridement for localized infections or complications like fungal balls.
  • Supportive care: Oxygen therapy, mechanical ventilation as needed, and management of underlying conditions. 444
  • Special Populations

  • Pediatrics: Increased vigilance for superinfections and careful monitoring of drug toxicity due to developing organs. 329
  • Elderly: Higher risk of complications and comorbidities necessitating individualized treatment plans. 44
  • Comorbidities: Patients with hematologic malignancies or organ transplant recipients require intensive antifungal prophylaxis and monitoring. 444
  • Key Recommendations

  • Initiate empirical antifungal therapy promptly in high-risk patients with suspected invasive fungal respiratory infections based on clinical and radiological findings. (Evidence: Moderate 444)
  • Use voriconazole as a first-line treatment for invasive aspergillosis, considering therapeutic drug monitoring to optimize efficacy and minimize toxicity. (Evidence: Moderate 4434)
  • Regularly assess for adverse events, particularly CNS toxicity with voriconazole use, and adjust dosing accordingly. (Evidence: Moderate 23)
  • References

    Showing 100 most recent of 251 indexed papers.

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Expert opinion on drug safety 2026. link 5 Rudman Spergel AK, Ananworanich J, Guo R, Deng W, Carmona L, Schaefers K et al.. mRNA-based seasonal influenza and SARS-CoV-2 multicomponent vaccine in healthy adults: a phase 1/2 trial. Nature medicine 2025. link 6 Shang X, Zhang R, Zheng J, Luo Y, Guo K, Zhou Q et al.. Global meta-analysis of short-term associations between ambient temperature and pathogen-specific respiratory infections, 2004 to 2023. Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin 2025. link 7 Zaman N, Gul K, Khurram K, Azam SS. Molecular insights into pangenome localization and constructs design for Hemophilus influenza vaccine. Scientific reports 2025. link 8 Shi J, Han S, Zhang Y, Lu X, Gan Y, Tong N et al.. Respiratory bacterial and viral pathogen spectrum among influenza-positive and influenza-negative patients. BMC infectious diseases 2025. link 9 Lado EPZ, Awiti JO, Mwai D. The effect of indoor air pollution on under-five child health in South Sudan. BMC public health 2025. link 10 Dai Z, Woolley KE, Dickinson-Craig E, Bayandorj T, Gombojav N, Tsogt B et al.. Assessing the association between household air pollution exposure and child heath in Mongolia: a birth-cohort study. Scientific reports 2025. link 11 Lei D, Liu Y, Liu M. Expression of Serum Immune Inflammatory Factors in Children with Suppurative Tonsillitis Caused by Adenovirus Infection and Its Correlation with Adenovirus Pneumonia. Iranian journal of allergy, asthma, and immunology 2025. link 12 Wang D, Peng Y, Zhang Q, Pu Y, Gao X, Zeng L et al.. Ocular safety evaluation of toplic and systemic antifungal medications: A multi-source pharmacovigilance and genomic study. European journal of pharmacology 2025. link 13 Xu Q, Cheng H, Sun X, Zhao J, Chen Y, Ji L et al.. A Real-world Pharmacovigilance Study Of FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) Events For Gender Of Voriconazole Drugs. Drug research 2025. link 14 Wang RM, Friedman A, Booker WA, Liu LY, Wen T. Delivery Hospitalization Cardiac and Respiratory Complications during SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant Dominance. American journal of perinatology 2025. link 15 Willcox ML, Lavu D, Yousaf U, Dalton S, Roberts N, Plüddemann A. The effectiveness of interventions to reduce the transmission of acute respiratory infections in care homes: a systematic review. Journal of public health (Oxford, England) 2024. link 16 Roush K. COVID Fallout Continues to Dog Nursing Homes. The American journal of nursing 2024. link 17 Rosenberg K. Virtual Reality an Option for PPE Skills Training. The American journal of nursing 2024. link 18 Rector A, Bloemen M, Thijssen M, Pussig B, Beuselinck K, Van Ranst M et al.. Respiratory Viruses in Wastewater Compared with Clinical Samples, Leuven, Belgium. Emerging infectious diseases 2024. link 19 Khojah IM, Alazhary NW, Alyazidi AS, Alsubaie MA, Alghamdi MK, Jawhari AA. Pediatric respiratory infectious emergencies: clinical profiles and outcomes. Journal of medicine and life 2024. link 20 Fathollahi M, Motamedi H, Hossainpour H, Abiri R, Shahlaei M, Moradi S et al.. Designing a novel multi-epitopes pan-vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 and seasonal influenza: . Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics 2024. link 21 Balczon R, Lin MT, Voth S, Nelson AR, Schupp JC, Wagener BM et al.. Lung endothelium, tau, and amyloids in health and disease. Physiological reviews 2024. link 22 Reyes ML, Vizcaya C, Le Roy C, Loureiro C, Brinkmann K, Arancibia M et al.. Weekly Vitamin D Supplementation to Prevent Acute Respiratory Infections in Young Children at Different Latitudes: A Randomized Controlled Trial. The Journal of pediatrics 2024. link 23 Yun J, Wang Z, Liu W. Voriconazole-induced central nervous system toxicity: a pharmacovigilance study based on FDA adverse event reporting system (FAERS) database. Expert opinion on drug safety 2024. link 24 Luo Y, Li Y, Xiao S, Lei H. Comparative analysis of inflight transmission of SARS-CoV-2, influenza, and SARS-CoV-1. Epidemiology and infection 2023. link 25 Clark TW, Lindsley K, Wigmosta TB, Bhagat A, Hemmert RB, Uyei J et al.. Rapid multiplex PCR for respiratory viruses reduces time to result and improves clinical care: Results of a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Journal of infection 2023. link 26 Hui KPY, Ho JCW, Ng KC, Cheng SMS, Sit KY, Au TWK et al.. Replication of Novel Zoonotic-Like Influenza A(H3N8) Virus in Ex Vivo Human Bronchus and Lung. Emerging infectious diseases 2023. link 27 Sanchez Picot V, Keovichith I, Paboriboune P, Flaissier B, Saadatian-Elahi M, Rudge JW. Epidemiology and serotype distribution of . Frontiers in public health 2023. link 28 Powell J, Porter E, Rafferty S, Field S, O'Connell NH, Dunne CP. Dermatology mycology diagnostics in Ireland: National deficits identified in 2022 that are relevant internationally. Mycoses 2023. link 29 Green M, Feschuk AM, Kashetsky N, Maibach HI. Clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of Pityrosporum folliculitis in immunocompetent patients. Archives of dermatological research 2023. link 30 Li B, Liu B, Bao W, Rong S. Association between Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations and Respiratory Infection among United States Adults. The Journal of nutrition 2023. link 31 Li H, Zhang M, Jiao X, Zhu Y, Liu Y, Zeng L et al.. Using disproportionality analysis to explore the association between periostitis and triazole antifungals in the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System Database. Scientific reports 2023. link 32 Anbari K, Sicard P, Omidi Khaniabadi Y, Raja Naqvi H, Rashidi R. Assessing the effect of COVID-19 pandemic on air quality change and human health outcomes in a capital city, southwestern Iran. International journal of environmental health research 2023. link 33 Begley KM, Monto AS, Lamerato LE, Malani AN, Lauring AS, Talbot HK et al.. Prevalence and Clinical Outcomes of Respiratory Syncytial Virus vs Influenza in Adults Hospitalized With Acute Respiratory Illness From a Prospective Multicenter Study. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2023. link 34 Takesue Y, Hanai Y, Oda K, Hamada Y, Ueda T, Mayumi T et al.. Clinical Practice Guideline for the Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Voriconazole in Non-Asian and Asian Adult Patients: Consensus Review by the Japanese Society of Chemotherapy and the Japanese Society of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring. Clinical therapeutics 2022. link 35 Spencer JA, Shutt DP, Moser SK, Clegg H, Wearing HJ, Mukundan H et al.. Distinguishing viruses responsible for influenza-like illness. Journal of theoretical biology 2022. link 36 Bertozzi G, Ferrara M, Maiese A, Di Fazio N, Delogu G, Frati P et al.. COVID-19 and H1N1-09: A Systematic Review of Two Pandemics with a Focus on the Lung at Autopsy. Frontiers in bioscience (Landmark edition) 2022. link 37 Roberts NJ, Krilov LR. The Continued Threat of Influenza A Viruses. Viruses 2022. link 38 Cohen J. Will viral interference hold off the tripledemic?. Science (New York, N.Y.) 2022. link 39 Hoang VT, Dao TL, Ly TDA, Drali T, Yezli S, Parola P et al.. Respiratory pathogens among ill pilgrims and the potential benefit of using point-of-care rapid molecular diagnostic tools during the Hajj. Acta microbiologica et immunologica Hungarica 2022. link 40 Lofgren ET, Naumova EN, Gorski J, Naumov Y, Fefferman NH. How Drivers of Seasonality in Respiratory Infections May Impact Vaccine Strategy: A Case Study in How Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) May Help Us Solve One of Influenza's Biggest Challenges. 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