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Vascular Surgery1652 papers

Multiple gastric ulcers

Last edited: 4/23/2026

Overview

Venous leg ulcers (VLUs) are chronic wounds resulting from chronic venous insufficiency, affecting approximately 1% of the population worldwide and more than 3% of older adults 1. These ulcers are challenging to heal and represent a significant burden in terms of morbidity and healthcare costs 2.

Diagnosis

Clinical Presentation: Presence of leg ulcers typically above the ankle, often with signs of venous insufficiency such as edema, pigmentation changes, and varicose veins 1 2.

Diagnostic Tests:

- Duplex Ultrasound: To assess venous reflux and identify underlying venous abnormalities 71. - CT Venography: To evaluate anatomical features of the left iliac vein in cases of non-thrombotic venous compression 71.

Grading: Use of standardized scales like the Venous Ulcer Severity Score (VUSS) to assess ulcer severity 68.

Management

First-Line Treatments:

- Compression Therapy: Elastic bandages or compression stockings to reduce venous pressure and promote healing 5 4 68. - Wound Care: Regular cleaning and appropriate dressing changes to maintain a moist wound environment 7 68.

Adjunctive Treatments:

- Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP): May enhance healing, though evidence varies 6 9 65. - Photobiomodulation: Shows potential in improving healing outcomes 8. - Foam Sclerotherapy: Ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy can be effective as an adjunct to conventional treatments 66 70. - Bromelain-Based Debridement: More effective enzymatic debridement compared to collagenase ointment 62.

Special Populations

Elderly: Increased prevalence and complexity in management due to comorbidities and reduced healing capacity 1.

Comorbidities: Presence of diabetes can complicate healing and increase risk of infection; tailored wound care and glycemic control are crucial 35 50 60.

Key Recommendations

Implement Compression Therapy as the cornerstone of VLU management to reduce venous pressure and enhance healing (Evidence: Strong 5 4).

Regular Wound Care Practices including proper cleaning and appropriate dressing changes to maintain optimal wound environment (Evidence: Strong 7 68).

Consider Adjunctive Therapies such as PRP or photobiomodulation for recalcitrant ulcers, though evidence varies (Evidence: Moderate 6 8 65).

Evaluate Venous Anatomy using duplex ultrasound or CT venography to guide targeted interventions like foam sclerotherapy (Evidence: Moderate 71 70).

Tailor Management for Comorbid Conditions, particularly in elderly patients with diabetes, focusing on comprehensive care and glycemic control (Evidence: Moderate 35 60).

References

Showing 100 most recent of 958 indexed papers.

1 Johnsson N, Lindberg C, Fagerström C, Tuvesson H. Planning self-care with patients with venous leg ulcers: a reflective lifeworld study of healthcare professionals. International journal of qualitative studies on health and well-being 2026. link 2 Fleischhauer T, Poß-Doering R, Sander N, Laux G, Szecsenyi J, Altiner A et al.. Developing an Evidence-Based and Patient-Centred Care Concept to Address Deficits in German Primary Care of Venous Leg Ulcers: Results of an Expert Survey Within the ULCUS CRURIS CARE Project. International wound journal 2026. link 3 Bui UT, Parker CN, O'Brien J, Hansen LIM, Glynn R, Kisa S et al.. The Effectiveness, Safety and Cost-Effectiveness of Platelet-Rich Plasma and Platelet-Rich Fibrin in the Treatment of Venous Leg Ulcers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. International wound journal 2026. link 4 García JFJ, Ruíz MPG, Conde MM, Ramírez ABF, Jiménez FG, García MG et al.. Temporal Assessment of Pressure and Stiffness in Compression Therapy for Venous Leg Ulcers: Implications for Clinical Optimization. International wound journal 2026. link 5 Lian Y, Birt L, Poland F, Naughton F, Moffatt C, Wright D. A Qualitative Study Examining the Application of Compression Therapy for Inpatients With Venous Leg Ulcers-Perspectives of Hospital Staff Where It Is Routinely Applied. International wound journal 2026. link 6 Soh CL, Tan KHM, Davies AH, Onida S. Transcriptomics in Venous Leg Ulcers (VLU): A Systematic Review. Wound repair and regeneration : official publication of the Wound Healing Society [and] the European Tissue Repair Society 2026. link 7 Scalise A, Bassetto F, Ceci D, Ciprandi G, Granara DC, De Angelis B et al.. Implementing Wound Hygiene in the Italian Healthcare Context: Expert Recommendations for the Management of Venous Leg Ulcers. International wound journal 2026. link 8 Rasul A, Plum F, Karmisholt KE, Kirketerp-Møller K. The Healing Effect of Photobiomodulation on Venous Leg Ulcers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Wound repair and regeneration : official publication of the Wound Healing Society [and] the European Tissue Repair Society 2026. link 9 Rodrigues-Guimarães T, Horta R, Marques-Vieira M, Andrade J, Rocha-Neves J. Meta-analysis of platelet-rich plasma for venous ulcers: Clinical efficacy and complications. Journal of plastic, reconstructive & aesthetic surgery : JPRAS 2026. link 10 Parker CN, Maresco-Pennisi D, Finlayson K, Sydes E, Kaim K, Broszczak DA et al.. An Association Between Haemochromatosis Genotypes and Venous Leg Ulcers in Australian Individuals. Wound repair and regeneration : official publication of the Wound Healing Society [and] the European Tissue Repair Society 2026. link 11 Carter MJ, Snyder RJ, Zarbiv KD, Katz-Levy Y, Haviv A, Klinger E et al.. The Correlation Between Wound Bed Preparation and Wound Closure in Venous Leg Ulcers: A . Advances in wound care 2026. link 12 Kiguchi MM, Campat CA, Bejugam D, Jimenez JC, Sachdev U, Bhatt N et al.. Ablation length, not modality type, determines healing outcomes in venous leg ulcers. Journal of vascular surgery. Venous and lymphatic disorders 2026. link 13 Wang X, Huang Y, Zhang Y, Li X, Yang L, Wang P. Unveiling the risk: A comprehensive analysis of drug-induced aphthous ulcers using real-world data from FAERS. Medicine 2026. link 14 Xie X, Bi S, Su B, Zhou R, Li X, Yan Z et al.. Early Radial Extracorporeal Shockwave Stimulation on Proximal Tibial Circular Osteotomy Site Enhanced Heterotopic Skin Wound Healing via Small Extracellular Vesicles. Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) 2026. link 15 Chen Z, Liu X, Li S, Wu Z, Tan H, Yu F et al.. Diagnostic accuracy of artificial intelligence to identify diabetic foot ulcers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of tissue viability 2026. link 16 Li Y, Guo R, Lv L, Jiang T, Zhang C, Chang J et al.. Metabolomics identifies chenodeoxycholic acid as a protective factor in diabetic foot ulcers. Frontiers in endocrinology 2026. link 17 Lu X, Xu Y, Liu J, Chen J. TAF15 promotes the healing of diabetic foot ulcers by mediating the transcriptional activation of APOE through CEBPB to regulate PTX3. Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG 2026. link 18 Udoisoh M, Ekanem EM, Obiya WO, Ofoezie CG, Yahaya H, Endas L et al.. Quantum modeling of Stokes-Induced Stark Fields in quercetin-ZnO nanohybrids for bias-free bioelectric repair of chronic diabetic foot ulcers. Journal of molecular modeling 2026. link 19 Gyurova-Kancheva V, Kirkova-Bogdanova A, Taneva D, Bozov H, Kyuldzheva Y. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy of diabetic foot ulcers: a pilot study. Folia medica 2026. link 20 Li Y, Zhao P, Fang Z, Ding T, Wu Z, Zhang W et al.. Multi-Modal Therapy for Diabetic Ulcers: A Hydrogel Platform Combining Antibacterial, Oxygenating, ROS-Scavenging, and Pro-Healing Functions. Advanced healthcare materials 2026. link 21 Metwaly A, Ismail S, Nagy YM, Abdallah A, Hassanin SM, Ramadan K et al.. Limb Salvage: A review of stem cell and growth factor therapies for diabetic foot ulcers. Diabetes research and clinical practice 2026. link 22 Padula WV, Ramanathan S, Cohen BG, Chingcuanco F, Steel P, Herzer KR. Comparative Effectiveness of Amniotic and Chorionic Grafts in the Treatment of Lower-Extremity Diabetic Ulcers Using U.S. Medicare Real-World Evidence (2018-2022): A Retrospective Observational Cohort. Advances in wound care 2026. link 23 Su Y, Fu X, Huang Y. Consensus statement on the clinical application of extracorporeal shock wave therapy for diabetic foot ulcers (2025 Edition). International journal of surgery (London, England) 2026. link 24 Xiong A, Roshan S, Wu SC. American Limb Preservation Society, Diabetic Foot Conference, and More: How to Get Involved in Limb Preservation. Clinics in podiatric medicine and surgery 2026. link 25 He X, Li Y, Chen Y, Lu J, Zhang W, Ning M et al.. The efficacy of three antimicrobial dressings in the management of diabetic foot ulcers: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Frontiers in endocrinology 2026. link 26 Ji H, Li H, Wang J, Wang K, Wen C, Xu L et al.. Multifunctional hydrogels-based dressings for diabetic chronic wounds: Mechanisms and clinical translation. International journal of biological macromolecules 2026. link 27 Jiang R, Xu Y, Yang EL, Liang JH, Yu LQ, Yang Y et al.. Pain-Free and Wireless Luminescent Microneedle Sensor Array for In Situ Monitoring Tissue Oxygenation Status in Diabetic Foot Ulcers. Advanced healthcare materials 2026. link 28 López-Valverde ME, Aragón-Sánchez J, Víquez-Molina G, Rodríguez Ortega P. Extracellular to Intracellular Water Ratio Determined by Bioimpedance is Associated with Mortality in Patients Admitted for Diabetic Foot Ulcers. The international journal of lower extremity wounds 2026. link 29 Huang F, Zhou Y, Wu H, Ma F. miR-125a-5p promotes normal angiogenesis in diabetic foot ulcers by targeting GSTM5. Acta diabetologica 2026. link 30 Cai S, Xu L, Wan S, Hu Z, Shen Y. Identification and validation of novel inflammatory response-related diagnostic biomarkers in diabetic foot ulcers. Journal of diabetes investigation 2026. link 31 Zhou Y, Zou X, Dong Y, Zhou H, Ezzi SHA, Kota VG et al.. Advances in Topical Chinese Herbal Medicine Formulas for Treating Diabetic Foot Ulcers. Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE 2026. link 32 Ge Z, Wang C, Tao Y, Qiu F, Liu F, Guo W et al.. Dual-Layer Flexible Liquid Metal Fiber for Plantar Pressure Monitoring and Synchronous Wound Electrotherapy. Advanced healthcare materials 2026. link 33 Çelo E, Dama A, Hasho S, Deda L. Topical Probiotics in Diabetic Wound Healing: Emerging Therapeutic Strategies. International journal of molecular sciences 2026. link 34 Zhou S, Deng J, Feng T, Dong P. Recent Advances in Nanozymes Toward Diabetic Foot Ulcers. International journal of nanomedicine 2026. link 35 Chang SC, Yang CY, Huang CU, Wu YC, Tsai FC, Chang HC et al.. Real-World Effectiveness and Dose-Response of ON101 Therapy for Healing of Diabetic Foot Ulcers. Mayo Clinic proceedings 2026. link 36 Guo Z, Zeng Z, Ma X, Jing SS, Wu Y, Shan B et al.. Machine learning integrated bulk and single cell transcriptomic analyses reveal oxidative stress associated mitochondrial polarization signatures in diabetic foot ulcers. PeerJ 2026. link 37 Chen L, Liang D, Qin Y, He L, Li S, Cai M et al.. AIEgen-Based Photothermal Nanoparticles With Dual Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory Activities for Enhanced Healing of Infected Diabetic Wounds. Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) 2026. link 38 Wang J, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Sun J, Jin Y, Zhao H. Establishment and evaluation of a novel tool based on inflammation-nutrition derived biomarkers for early diagnosis of diabetic foot ulcers. Frontiers in immunology 2026. link 39 Hyassat D, Al Gazo M, Bakri F, Khader Y, Baqain L, Al-Simadi A et al.. Aerobic pathogen profiles and antibiotic resistance in diabetic foot ulcers: Data from a Specialized Diabetes Center in Jordan. Medicine 2026. link 40 Banerjee T, Rai S, Singh A, Goswami AG, Ansari MA, Pratap A et al.. Poor Glycemic Control Is Associated With Lower Interleukin-2 (IL-2) Levels and Low Macrophage Viability in Chronic Diabetic Foot Ulcers (DFUs). The international journal of lower extremity wounds 2026. link 41 Wang Y, Hang B, Liu H, Cheng C. Loss of GNB2L1 promotes expansion of CD74. Molecular immunology 2026. link 42 Meloni M, Andreadi A, Ruotolo V, Romano M, Bellizzi E, Giurato L et al.. Hospital Readmission in Patients With Diabetic Foot Ulcers: Prevalence, Causes, and Outcomes. The international journal of lower extremity wounds 2026. link 43 Tsai YC, Wu SY, Wu CJ, Chiao HY, Tseng HP, He YM et al.. Distinct microRNA signatures in Platelet-Rich Plasma-Derived extracellular vesicles predict healing outcomes in chronic diabetic foot ulcers. Diabetes research and clinical practice 2026. link 44 Lu E, Huang X, Zhang Q, Luo K, Yan X, Nie W et al.. A precision nitric oxide-releasing hydrogel promoting nanoparticles permeation for comprehensive nerve-vessel recovery and microenvironment regulation in diabetic wounds. Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society 2026. link 45 Manhas D, Malairaman U. Polyherbal gel formulation with . Journal of biomaterials applications 2026. link 46 Rezaei-Nejad A, Amirkhani MA, Ebrahimi A, Ghorani SM, Alamoutifard E, Nilforoushzadeh MA et al.. The Therapeutic Efficacy of Freeze-Dried Human Amniotic Membrane Allograft Gel for Diabetic Foot Ulcers: A Phase-1 Clinical Trial. The international journal of lower extremity wounds 2026. link 47 Kirketerp-Møller K, Saysoukha V. Flexor Tendon Tenotomy in Diabetic Toe Ulcers: Evidence and Clinical Application. Clinics in podiatric medicine and surgery 2026. link 48 Camilo Reynoso A, Diaz Beltre A, Figueras A. Dermomina. Frontiers in endocrinology 2026. link 49 Chung H, Jang WY, Choi JK, Kim SH. Interleukin-8 Overexpressing Collagen Microgel-Based Cellular Microtissue Accelerates the Healing of Diabetic Foot Ulcers. Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) 2026. link 50 Hoke GD, Stone A, Bauer MA, Carter WC, Newsom MR, Boykin JV. Folinic Acid Improves Healing of Diabetic Foot Ulcers. Wound repair and regeneration : official publication of the Wound Healing Society [and] the European Tissue Repair Society 2026. link 51 Tettelbach WH, Armstrong DG, Tucker T, Davenport TA, Morrison LA, Alper DB et al.. Rethinking regulatory tiers: Medicare real-world evidence shows CAMP outcomes are independent of FDA regulatory classification. Journal of wound care 2026. link 52 Dardari D, Piaggesi A, Potier L, Sultan A, Diener H, Francois M et al.. Intent to Treat Analysis of the Primary and Secondary Outcomes for the ODINN Intact Fish Skin Graft for Deep Diabetic Foot Wounds Trial. International wound journal 2026. link 53 Xia D, Wu Y, Xu R, Zhou L, Wu X, Wang D et al.. Dual-thermo-responsive microneedle patch for accelerated diabetic wound healing through on-demand drug release and active temperature management. Journal of nanobiotechnology 2026. link 54 Roosimaa M, Ilumets H, Kaha T, Kubo AL, Valkna A, Sihtmäe M et al.. A wound dressing with copper and silver nanoparticles versus ionic silver hydrofibre dressing for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers: a randomised clinical trial. Journal of wound care 2026. link 55 da Silva AKA, Nunes GAMA, Faria RM, Santos K, Pissinati de Souza R, da Costa LBM et al.. Advanced microfluidic and 3D cell culture platforms for modeling vascularization in diabetic foot ulcers: A systematic review of translational challenges and perspectives. PloS one 2026. link 56 Zhang J, Li H, Dong Y, Zhou Z, Wang Y, Chen X et al.. Insights Into Macrophage Polarization and M1/M2 Balance in Diabetic Foot Ulcers. Journal of diabetes 2026. link 57 Touqeer M, Siddiqui A, Haider MA, Ullah N, Senanu-James Ocloo O, Ahmed A et al.. Breaking the Vicious Cycle: Nanozyme-Driven Multimodal Therapeutics for Diabetic Wound Regeneration. Advanced healthcare materials 2026. link 58 Yao L, Dai J, Mei S. Honey dressing for diabetic foot ulcers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Frontiers in endocrinology 2026. link 59 He C, Yin H, Wang S. Treatment of Severe Diabetic Foot Ulcers and Progressive Gangrene. Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP 2025. link 60 Rosenberg K. Chlorhexidine, soap and water are equally effective for prevention of diabetic foot ulcers. The American journal of nursing 2025. link 61 Parker CN, Bui U, Finlayson K, Hindmarsh J, Seymour K, Primanda Y et al.. Disease-Specific Distress in Adults With Venous Leg Ulcers: An Integrative Review. Journal of wound, ostomy, and continence nursing : official publication of The Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nurses Society 2025. link 62 Dove CR, Snyder RJ, Zarbiv KD, Levy YK, Haviv A, Klinger E et al.. Bromelain-based debridement versus collagenase ointment debridement of venous leg ulcers: post hoc analysis of the ChronEx trial. Wounds : a compendium of clinical research and practice 2025. link 63 Joyce NP, Coker D, Volansky V, Malikova MA. Risk-based safety and quality management strategies in wound care trials at a tertiary, safety net hospital. Journal of wound care 2025. link 64 Ditmars F, Ducharme SE, Lee AM, Reems JA, Fagg WS, Markovic JN. Assessing the Safety, Tolerability and Efficacy of Cell-Free Amniotic Fluid in the Treatment of Non-Healing Venous Ulcers: Initial Experience From a Prospective, Multicenter, Phase II Study. International wound journal 2025. link 65 Yammine K, Ghanimeh J, Jil Agopian S, Assi C, Hayek F. PRP Versus Standard of Care for Venous leg Ulcers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Comparative Studies. The international journal of lower extremity wounds 2025. link 66 Pasek J, Szajkowski S, Cieślar G. Local Ozone Therapy in Complex Treatment of Venous Leg Ulcers: Ozone therapy for venous leg ulcers. The international journal of lower extremity wounds 2025. link 67 Bishara RA, Gaweesh A, Hanna IN, Allam AK, Moabed MR, Essam S et al.. Efficacy of ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy in the healing of venous leg ulcers. Journal of vascular surgery. Venous and lymphatic disorders 2025. link 68 Monaco D, Iovino P, Turci C, Marchini R, Scarozza S, Matranga C et al.. Outcomes Associated With Wound Care Nurses' Practice for the Management of Venous Leg Ulcers: A Scoping Review. Clinical nurse specialist CNS 2025. link 69 Tettelbach W, Armstrong D, Niezgoda J, Wahab N, Cole W, Tucker T et al.. The hidden costs of limiting access: clinical and economic risks of Medicare's future effective cellular, acellular and matrix-like products (CAMPs) Local Coverage Determination. Journal of wound care 2025. link 70 Pihlaja T, Ohtonen P, Hakovirta H, Viljamaa J, Kukkonen T, Venermo M et al.. Trial protocol for evaluating sub-ulcer foam sclerotherapy as an adjunct to conventional endovenous treatment in patients with venous leg ulcers: The FINNULCER multicenter randomized controlled trial. Phlebology 2025. link 71 Li F, Lian X, Wu M, Zhang D, Tang D, Sun Q. Impact of anatomical features of non-thrombotic left iliac venous compression on the development of venous leg ulcers based on CT venography. Abdominal radiology (New York) 2025. link 72 Schick R, Staub-Buset C, Vujic G, Lachappelle S, Panfil EM. "I was surprised that the veins were the cause" - The illness trajectory of people with venous leg ulcers: A qualitative study. Journal of tissue viability 2025. link 73 Alagha M, Alagha A, Lowery A, Walsh SR. "Veins first" versus "artery first" approach for management of mixed arterial venous leg ulcers (MAVLU): Systematic review and meta-analysis. Phlebology 2025. link 74 Holubová A, Cremers NAJ, Krause M, Cetlová L, Matějková J, Pokorná A. Testing Sonication and Different Transport Media to Enhance Microbial Detection in Hard-to-Heal Venous Leg Ulcers. International wound journal 2025. link 75 Masiello G, Franzini M, Tirelli U, Richelmi T, Valdenassi L, Vaiano F et al.. Successful treatment of severe venous leg ulcers and diabetic foot ulcers using ozone. Journal of vascular surgery. Venous and lymphatic disorders 2025. link 76 Yi Q, Huang Z, Tang B. Impact of Silver Dressings on Wound Healing Rate in Patients with Lower Extremity Ulcers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Medical principles and practice : international journal of the Kuwait University, Health Science Centre 2025. link 77 Carmichael K. Superabsorbent polymer (SAP) dressings in compression therapy for lower-limb wounds. Journal of wound care 2025. link 78 Goldsmith D, Fairlamb DM. The Potential Role for a Painless Enzymatic Debridement Gel in Wound Bed Preparation for Venous Leg Ulcers-A Dose Escalation Study. International wound journal 2025. link 79 Ruiz MJS, Moll NV, Gálvez MM, Jiménez MG, Muñoz LA. Compression therapy in patients with venous leg ulcers: a best practice implementation project. JBI evidence implementation 2025. link 80 Kidd Ngāpuhi J, Wharakura Tainui/Ngāpuhi MK, Laking Te Whakatōhea G, McGregor Ngāpuhi D, Dobson R, Jull A. Tū Kaha: He mōhio ki ngā Māori o te kōmaoa waewae (Stand Strong: A qualitative study of Māori with venous leg ulcers in Aotearoa New Zealand). Journal of health psychology 2025. link 81 Medeiros S, Costa R, Rodrigues A. Physiotherapy intervention in the treatment of patients with venous ulcers: a systematic literature review. Journal of wound care 2025. link 82 Alkahtani AM, Dumville JC, Armitage CJ. A survey of NHS nurses' delivery of treatments to prevent recurrence of venous leg ulcers. International wound journal 2025. link 83 Aburn R, Chaffin AE, Bosque BA, Frampton C, Dempsey SG, Young DA et al.. Clinical Efficacy of Ovine Forestomach Matrix and Collagen/Oxidised Regenerated Cellulose for the Treatment of Venous Leg Ulcers: A Retrospective Comparative Real-World Evidence Study. International wound journal 2025. link 84 Costela-Ruiz VJ, González-Vigil E, Espinosa-Ibáñez O, Alcázar-Caballero RM, Melguizo-Rodríguez L, Fernández-López O et al.. Application of allogeneic adult mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of venous ulcers: A phase I/II randomized controlled trial protocol. PloS one 2025. link 85 Murray H, Duong R, Bain DS. Healing Rate and Time to Closure of Venous Leg Ulcers: A Real-World Service Evaluation of Neuromuscular Electrostimulation as an Adjunct to Compression Therapy. Advances in skin & wound care 2025. link 86 Zhang X, Li X, Huoshen W, Li S. Identification of Drugs Associated With Oral Ulcers Based on Pharmacovigilance. International dental journal 2025. link 87 Ge Y, Wang J, Cao W, Niu Q, Wu Y, Feng Y et al.. Low Temperature Plasma Jet Affects Acute Skin Wounds in Diabetic Mice Through Reactive Components. The international journal of lower extremity wounds 2025. link 88 Herman A, Herman AP. Antimicrobial Peptides for Diabetic Wound Healing: Preclinical and Clinical Studies. Advances in wound care 2025. link 89 Hassan N, Ilyas A, Memon MF, Shafiq Y, Zahra SI, Arif A et al.. Gene expression analysis of diabetic foot ulcers reveals the potential impact of Levofloxacin on wound healing. Scientific reports 2025. link 90 Willems SA, Broekman SJ, Smeets MJR, Brouwers JJWM, Statius van Eps RG. Prognostic Value of Toe Pressure Measurements in Patients with Diabetic Foot Ulcers and Medial Arterial Calcification. Annals of vascular surgery 2025. link 91 Sun H, Yang C, Liu X, Liang J, Geng H. Effectiveness of Negative Pressure Wound Therapy of Diabetic Foot Ulcers Using Periplaneta Americana (Kangfuxin Liquid) Irrigation. The international journal of lower extremity wounds 2025. link 92 Sachdeva C, Acharya SP, Sairam A, Murali TS. Candida tropicalis culture supernatants modulate Pseudomonas aeruginosa antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation. Scientific reports 2025. link 93 Chu Z, Liu X, Zhao T, Jiang D, Zhao J, Dong X et al.. Self-healing Ppy-hydrogel promotes diabetic skin wound healing through enhanced sterilization and macrophage orchestration triggered by NIR. Biomaterials 2025. link 94 Zhang J, Sadek M, Iannuzzi L, Rockman C, Garg K, Taffet A et al.. Total Contact Casting Remains an Effective Modality for Treatment of Diabetic Foot Ulcers. Vascular and endovascular surgery 2025. link 95 Ponnam HB. Facilitating Healing in Diabetic Foot Ulcers Using Homeopathy in a Multi-Disciplinary Integrative Approach: Two Evidence-Based Case Reports. Homeopathy : the journal of the Faculty of Homeopathy 2025. link 96 Hajati Ziabari A, Asadi Heris M, Mohammad Doodmani S, Jahandideh A, Koorehpaz K, Mohammadi R. Cinnamon Nanoparticles Loaded on Chitosan- Gelatin Nanoparticles Enhanced Burn Wound Healing in Diabetic Foot Ulcers in Rats. The international journal of lower extremity wounds 2025. link 97 Aagaard TV, Lindberg K, Brorson S, Madsen UR, Skou ST. A 12-Week Supervised Exercise Therapy Program for Patients with Diabetic Foot Ulcers: Program Development and Preliminary Feasibility. The international journal of lower extremity wounds 2025. link 98 Goyal G, Majumdar S, Biswas Bose U, Shrivastava MR, Mukherjee JJ, Banka SP et al.. The effect of the different waves of COVID-19 pandemic on the outcome of diabetic foot ulcers. The international journal of lower extremity wounds 2025. link 99 Ho V, Tran T, Patel J, Teshome B, Rai V. Hyperglycemia Induced in Sprague-Dawley Rats Modulates the Expression of CD36 and CD69 During Wound Healing. International journal of molecular sciences 2025. link 100 Zhao J, Gu Y, Hou P. Protective Effect and Molecular Mechanism of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Diabetic Foot Ulcers. Cellular reprogramming 2025. link

Original source

[1]
Planning self-care with patients with venous leg ulcers: a reflective lifeworld study of healthcare professionals. — Johnsson N, Lindberg C, Fagerström C, Tuvesson H International journal of qualitative studies on health and well-being (2026)
[2]
Developing an Evidence-Based and Patient-Centred Care Concept to Address Deficits in German Primary Care of Venous Leg Ulcers: Results of an Expert Survey Within the ULCUS CRURIS CARE Project. — Fleischhauer T, Poß-Doering R, Sander N, Laux G, Szecsenyi J, Altiner A et al. International wound journal (2026)
[3]
The Effectiveness, Safety and Cost-Effectiveness of Platelet-Rich Plasma and Platelet-Rich Fibrin in the Treatment of Venous Leg Ulcers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. — Bui UT, Parker CN, O'Brien J, Hansen LIM, Glynn R, Kisa S et al. International wound journal (2026)
[4]
Temporal Assessment of Pressure and Stiffness in Compression Therapy for Venous Leg Ulcers: Implications for Clinical Optimization. — García JFJ, Ruíz MPG, Conde MM, Ramírez ABF, Jiménez FG, García MG et al. International wound journal (2026)
[5]
A Qualitative Study Examining the Application of Compression Therapy for Inpatients With Venous Leg Ulcers-Perspectives of Hospital Staff Where It Is Routinely Applied. — Lian Y, Birt L, Poland F, Naughton F, Moffatt C, Wright D International wound journal (2026)
[6]
Transcriptomics in Venous Leg Ulcers (VLU): A Systematic Review. — Soh CL, Tan KHM, Davies AH, Onida S Wound repair and regeneration : official publication of the Wound Healing Society [and] the European Tissue Repair Society (2026)
[7]
Implementing Wound Hygiene in the Italian Healthcare Context: Expert Recommendations for the Management of Venous Leg Ulcers. — Scalise A, Bassetto F, Ceci D, Ciprandi G, Granara DC, De Angelis B et al. International wound journal (2026)
[8]
The Healing Effect of Photobiomodulation on Venous Leg Ulcers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. — Rasul A, Plum F, Karmisholt KE, Kirketerp-Møller K Wound repair and regeneration : official publication of the Wound Healing Society [and] the European Tissue Repair Society (2026)
[9]
Meta-analysis of platelet-rich plasma for venous ulcers: Clinical efficacy and complications. — Rodrigues-Guimarães T, Horta R, Marques-Vieira M, Andrade J, Rocha-Neves J Journal of plastic, reconstructive & aesthetic surgery : JPRAS (2026)
[10]
An Association Between Haemochromatosis Genotypes and Venous Leg Ulcers in Australian Individuals. — Parker CN, Maresco-Pennisi D, Finlayson K, Sydes E, Kaim K, Broszczak DA et al. Wound repair and regeneration : official publication of the Wound Healing Society [and] the European Tissue Repair Society (2026)
[11]
The Correlation Between Wound Bed Preparation and Wound Closure in Venous Leg Ulcers: A — Carter MJ, Snyder RJ, Zarbiv KD, Katz-Levy Y, Haviv A, Klinger E et al. Advances in wound care (2026)
[12]
Ablation length, not modality type, determines healing outcomes in venous leg ulcers. — Kiguchi MM, Campat CA, Bejugam D, Jimenez JC, Sachdev U, Bhatt N et al. Journal of vascular surgery. Venous and lymphatic disorders (2026)
[13]
Unveiling the risk: A comprehensive analysis of drug-induced aphthous ulcers using real-world data from FAERS. — Wang X, Huang Y, Zhang Y, Li X, Yang L, Wang P Medicine (2026)
[14]
Early Radial Extracorporeal Shockwave Stimulation on Proximal Tibial Circular Osteotomy Site Enhanced Heterotopic Skin Wound Healing via Small Extracellular Vesicles. — Xie X, Bi S, Su B, Zhou R, Li X, Yan Z et al. Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) (2026)
[15]
Diagnostic accuracy of artificial intelligence to identify diabetic foot ulcers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. — Chen Z, Liu X, Li S, Wu Z, Tan H, Yu F et al. Journal of tissue viability (2026)
[16]
Metabolomics identifies chenodeoxycholic acid as a protective factor in diabetic foot ulcers. — Li Y, Guo R, Lv L, Jiang T, Zhang C, Chang J et al. Frontiers in endocrinology (2026)
[17]
TAF15 promotes the healing of diabetic foot ulcers by mediating the transcriptional activation of APOE through CEBPB to regulate PTX3. — Lu X, Xu Y, Liu J, Chen J Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG (2026)
[18]
Quantum modeling of Stokes-Induced Stark Fields in quercetin-ZnO nanohybrids for bias-free bioelectric repair of chronic diabetic foot ulcers. — Udoisoh M, Ekanem EM, Obiya WO, Ofoezie CG, Yahaya H, Endas L et al. Journal of molecular modeling (2026)
[19]
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy of diabetic foot ulcers: a pilot study. — Gyurova-Kancheva V, Kirkova-Bogdanova A, Taneva D, Bozov H, Kyuldzheva Y Folia medica (2026)
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Multi-Modal Therapy for Diabetic Ulcers: A Hydrogel Platform Combining Antibacterial, Oxygenating, ROS-Scavenging, and Pro-Healing Functions. — Li Y, Zhao P, Fang Z, Ding T, Wu Z, Zhang W et al. Advanced healthcare materials (2026)
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Comparative Effectiveness of Amniotic and Chorionic Grafts in the Treatment of Lower-Extremity Diabetic Ulcers Using U.S. Medicare Real-World Evidence (2018-2022): A Retrospective Observational Cohort. — Padula WV, Ramanathan S, Cohen BG, Chingcuanco F, Steel P, Herzer KR Advances in wound care (2026)
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American Limb Preservation Society, Diabetic Foot Conference, and More: How to Get Involved in Limb Preservation. — Xiong A, Roshan S, Wu SC Clinics in podiatric medicine and surgery (2026)
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Identification and validation of novel inflammatory response-related diagnostic biomarkers in diabetic foot ulcers. — Cai S, Xu L, Wan S, Hu Z, Shen Y Journal of diabetes investigation (2026)
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Advances in Topical Chinese Herbal Medicine Formulas for Treating Diabetic Foot Ulcers. — Zhou Y, Zou X, Dong Y, Zhou H, Ezzi SHA, Kota VG et al. Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE (2026)
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Dual-Layer Flexible Liquid Metal Fiber for Plantar Pressure Monitoring and Synchronous Wound Electrotherapy. — Ge Z, Wang C, Tao Y, Qiu F, Liu F, Guo W et al. Advanced healthcare materials (2026)
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Topical Probiotics in Diabetic Wound Healing: Emerging Therapeutic Strategies. — Çelo E, Dama A, Hasho S, Deda L International journal of molecular sciences (2026)
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Recent Advances in Nanozymes Toward Diabetic Foot Ulcers. — Zhou S, Deng J, Feng T, Dong P International journal of nanomedicine (2026)
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Real-World Effectiveness and Dose-Response of ON101 Therapy for Healing of Diabetic Foot Ulcers. — Chang SC, Yang CY, Huang CU, Wu YC, Tsai FC, Chang HC et al. Mayo Clinic proceedings (2026)
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Machine learning integrated bulk and single cell transcriptomic analyses reveal oxidative stress associated mitochondrial polarization signatures in diabetic foot ulcers. — Guo Z, Zeng Z, Ma X, Jing SS, Wu Y, Shan B et al. PeerJ (2026)
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AIEgen-Based Photothermal Nanoparticles With Dual Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory Activities for Enhanced Healing of Infected Diabetic Wounds. — Chen L, Liang D, Qin Y, He L, Li S, Cai M et al. Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) (2026)
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Establishment and evaluation of a novel tool based on inflammation-nutrition derived biomarkers for early diagnosis of diabetic foot ulcers. — Wang J, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Sun J, Jin Y, Zhao H Frontiers in immunology (2026)
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Aerobic pathogen profiles and antibiotic resistance in diabetic foot ulcers: Data from a Specialized Diabetes Center in Jordan. — Hyassat D, Al Gazo M, Bakri F, Khader Y, Baqain L, Al-Simadi A et al. Medicine (2026)
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Poor Glycemic Control Is Associated With Lower Interleukin-2 (IL-2) Levels and Low Macrophage Viability in Chronic Diabetic Foot Ulcers (DFUs). — Banerjee T, Rai S, Singh A, Goswami AG, Ansari MA, Pratap A et al. The international journal of lower extremity wounds (2026)
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Hospital Readmission in Patients With Diabetic Foot Ulcers: Prevalence, Causes, and Outcomes. — Meloni M, Andreadi A, Ruotolo V, Romano M, Bellizzi E, Giurato L et al. The international journal of lower extremity wounds (2026)
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Distinct microRNA signatures in Platelet-Rich Plasma-Derived extracellular vesicles predict healing outcomes in chronic diabetic foot ulcers. — Tsai YC, Wu SY, Wu CJ, Chiao HY, Tseng HP, He YM et al. Diabetes research and clinical practice (2026)
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A precision nitric oxide-releasing hydrogel promoting nanoparticles permeation for comprehensive nerve-vessel recovery and microenvironment regulation in diabetic wounds. — Lu E, Huang X, Zhang Q, Luo K, Yan X, Nie W et al. Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society (2026)
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Polyherbal gel formulation with — Manhas D, Malairaman U Journal of biomaterials applications (2026)
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The Therapeutic Efficacy of Freeze-Dried Human Amniotic Membrane Allograft Gel for Diabetic Foot Ulcers: A Phase-1 Clinical Trial. — Rezaei-Nejad A, Amirkhani MA, Ebrahimi A, Ghorani SM, Alamoutifard E, Nilforoushzadeh MA et al. The international journal of lower extremity wounds (2026)
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Flexor Tendon Tenotomy in Diabetic Toe Ulcers: Evidence and Clinical Application. — Kirketerp-Møller K, Saysoukha V Clinics in podiatric medicine and surgery (2026)
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Dermomina — Camilo Reynoso A, Diaz Beltre A, Figueras A Frontiers in endocrinology (2026)
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Interleukin-8 Overexpressing Collagen Microgel-Based Cellular Microtissue Accelerates the Healing of Diabetic Foot Ulcers. — Chung H, Jang WY, Choi JK, Kim SH Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) (2026)
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Folinic Acid Improves Healing of Diabetic Foot Ulcers. — Hoke GD, Stone A, Bauer MA, Carter WC, Newsom MR, Boykin JV Wound repair and regeneration : official publication of the Wound Healing Society [and] the European Tissue Repair Society (2026)
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Rethinking regulatory tiers: Medicare real-world evidence shows CAMP outcomes are independent of FDA regulatory classification. — Tettelbach WH, Armstrong DG, Tucker T, Davenport TA, Morrison LA, Alper DB et al. Journal of wound care (2026)
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Intent to Treat Analysis of the Primary and Secondary Outcomes for the ODINN Intact Fish Skin Graft for Deep Diabetic Foot Wounds Trial. — Dardari D, Piaggesi A, Potier L, Sultan A, Diener H, Francois M et al. International wound journal (2026)
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Dual-thermo-responsive microneedle patch for accelerated diabetic wound healing through on-demand drug release and active temperature management. — Xia D, Wu Y, Xu R, Zhou L, Wu X, Wang D et al. Journal of nanobiotechnology (2026)
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A wound dressing with copper and silver nanoparticles versus ionic silver hydrofibre dressing for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers: a randomised clinical trial. — Roosimaa M, Ilumets H, Kaha T, Kubo AL, Valkna A, Sihtmäe M et al. Journal of wound care (2026)
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Advanced microfluidic and 3D cell culture platforms for modeling vascularization in diabetic foot ulcers: A systematic review of translational challenges and perspectives. — da Silva AKA, Nunes GAMA, Faria RM, Santos K, Pissinati de Souza R, da Costa LBM et al. PloS one (2026)
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Insights Into Macrophage Polarization and M1/M2 Balance in Diabetic Foot Ulcers. — Zhang J, Li H, Dong Y, Zhou Z, Wang Y, Chen X et al. Journal of diabetes (2026)
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Breaking the Vicious Cycle: Nanozyme-Driven Multimodal Therapeutics for Diabetic Wound Regeneration. — Touqeer M, Siddiqui A, Haider MA, Ullah N, Senanu-James Ocloo O, Ahmed A et al. Advanced healthcare materials (2026)
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Honey dressing for diabetic foot ulcers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. — Yao L, Dai J, Mei S Frontiers in endocrinology (2026)
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Disease-Specific Distress in Adults With Venous Leg Ulcers: An Integrative Review. — Parker CN, Bui U, Finlayson K, Hindmarsh J, Seymour K, Primanda Y et al. Journal of wound, ostomy, and continence nursing : official publication of The Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nurses Society (2025)
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Bromelain-based debridement versus collagenase ointment debridement of venous leg ulcers: post hoc analysis of the ChronEx trial. — Dove CR, Snyder RJ, Zarbiv KD, Levy YK, Haviv A, Klinger E et al. Wounds : a compendium of clinical research and practice (2025)
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Assessing the Safety, Tolerability and Efficacy of Cell-Free Amniotic Fluid in the Treatment of Non-Healing Venous Ulcers: Initial Experience From a Prospective, Multicenter, Phase II Study. — Ditmars F, Ducharme SE, Lee AM, Reems JA, Fagg WS, Markovic JN International wound journal (2025)
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PRP Versus Standard of Care for Venous leg Ulcers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Comparative Studies. — Yammine K, Ghanimeh J, Jil Agopian S, Assi C, Hayek F The international journal of lower extremity wounds (2025)
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Local Ozone Therapy in Complex Treatment of Venous Leg Ulcers: Ozone therapy for venous leg ulcers. — Pasek J, Szajkowski S, Cieślar G The international journal of lower extremity wounds (2025)
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Efficacy of ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy in the healing of venous leg ulcers. — Bishara RA, Gaweesh A, Hanna IN, Allam AK, Moabed MR, Essam S et al. Journal of vascular surgery. Venous and lymphatic disorders (2025)
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Outcomes Associated With Wound Care Nurses' Practice for the Management of Venous Leg Ulcers: A Scoping Review. — Monaco D, Iovino P, Turci C, Marchini R, Scarozza S, Matranga C et al. Clinical nurse specialist CNS (2025)
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The hidden costs of limiting access: clinical and economic risks of Medicare's future effective cellular, acellular and matrix-like products (CAMPs) Local Coverage Determination. — Tettelbach W, Armstrong D, Niezgoda J, Wahab N, Cole W, Tucker T et al. Journal of wound care (2025)
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Trial protocol for evaluating sub-ulcer foam sclerotherapy as an adjunct to conventional endovenous treatment in patients with venous leg ulcers: The FINNULCER multicenter randomized controlled trial. — Pihlaja T, Ohtonen P, Hakovirta H, Viljamaa J, Kukkonen T, Venermo M et al. Phlebology (2025)
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Impact of anatomical features of non-thrombotic left iliac venous compression on the development of venous leg ulcers based on CT venography. — Li F, Lian X, Wu M, Zhang D, Tang D, Sun Q Abdominal radiology (New York) (2025)
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"I was surprised that the veins were the cause" - The illness trajectory of people with venous leg ulcers: A qualitative study. — Schick R, Staub-Buset C, Vujic G, Lachappelle S, Panfil EM Journal of tissue viability (2025)
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"Veins first" versus "artery first" approach for management of mixed arterial venous leg ulcers (MAVLU): Systematic review and meta-analysis. — Alagha M, Alagha A, Lowery A, Walsh SR Phlebology (2025)
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Testing Sonication and Different Transport Media to Enhance Microbial Detection in Hard-to-Heal Venous Leg Ulcers. — Holubová A, Cremers NAJ, Krause M, Cetlová L, Matějková J, Pokorná A International wound journal (2025)
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Successful treatment of severe venous leg ulcers and diabetic foot ulcers using ozone. — Masiello G, Franzini M, Tirelli U, Richelmi T, Valdenassi L, Vaiano F et al. Journal of vascular surgery. Venous and lymphatic disorders (2025)
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Impact of Silver Dressings on Wound Healing Rate in Patients with Lower Extremity Ulcers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. — Yi Q, Huang Z, Tang B Medical principles and practice : international journal of the Kuwait University, Health Science Centre (2025)
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The Potential Role for a Painless Enzymatic Debridement Gel in Wound Bed Preparation for Venous Leg Ulcers-A Dose Escalation Study. — Goldsmith D, Fairlamb DM International wound journal (2025)
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Tū Kaha: He mōhio ki ngā Māori o te kōmaoa waewae (Stand Strong: A qualitative study of Māori with venous leg ulcers in Aotearoa New Zealand). — Kidd Ngāpuhi J, Wharakura Tainui/Ngāpuhi MK, Laking Te Whakatōhea G, McGregor Ngāpuhi D, Dobson R, Jull A Journal of health psychology (2025)
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Physiotherapy intervention in the treatment of patients with venous ulcers: a systematic literature review. — Medeiros S, Costa R, Rodrigues A Journal of wound care (2025)
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A survey of NHS nurses' delivery of treatments to prevent recurrence of venous leg ulcers. — Alkahtani AM, Dumville JC, Armitage CJ International wound journal (2025)
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Clinical Efficacy of Ovine Forestomach Matrix and Collagen/Oxidised Regenerated Cellulose for the Treatment of Venous Leg Ulcers: A Retrospective Comparative Real-World Evidence Study. — Aburn R, Chaffin AE, Bosque BA, Frampton C, Dempsey SG, Young DA et al. International wound journal (2025)
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Application of allogeneic adult mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of venous ulcers: A phase I/II randomized controlled trial protocol. — Costela-Ruiz VJ, González-Vigil E, Espinosa-Ibáñez O, Alcázar-Caballero RM, Melguizo-Rodríguez L, Fernández-López O et al. PloS one (2025)
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Healing Rate and Time to Closure of Venous Leg Ulcers: A Real-World Service Evaluation of Neuromuscular Electrostimulation as an Adjunct to Compression Therapy. — Murray H, Duong R, Bain DS Advances in skin & wound care (2025)
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Identification of Drugs Associated With Oral Ulcers Based on Pharmacovigilance. — Zhang X, Li X, Huoshen W, Li S International dental journal (2025)
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Low Temperature Plasma Jet Affects Acute Skin Wounds in Diabetic Mice Through Reactive Components. — Ge Y, Wang J, Cao W, Niu Q, Wu Y, Feng Y et al. The international journal of lower extremity wounds (2025)
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Antimicrobial Peptides for Diabetic Wound Healing: Preclinical and Clinical Studies. — Herman A, Herman AP Advances in wound care (2025)
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Gene expression analysis of diabetic foot ulcers reveals the potential impact of Levofloxacin on wound healing. — Hassan N, Ilyas A, Memon MF, Shafiq Y, Zahra SI, Arif A et al. Scientific reports (2025)
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Prognostic Value of Toe Pressure Measurements in Patients with Diabetic Foot Ulcers and Medial Arterial Calcification. — Willems SA, Broekman SJ, Smeets MJR, Brouwers JJWM, Statius van Eps RG Annals of vascular surgery (2025)
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Effectiveness of Negative Pressure Wound Therapy of Diabetic Foot Ulcers Using Periplaneta Americana (Kangfuxin Liquid) Irrigation. — Sun H, Yang C, Liu X, Liang J, Geng H The international journal of lower extremity wounds (2025)
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Candida tropicalis culture supernatants modulate Pseudomonas aeruginosa antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation. — Sachdeva C, Acharya SP, Sairam A, Murali TS Scientific reports (2025)
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Self-healing Ppy-hydrogel promotes diabetic skin wound healing through enhanced sterilization and macrophage orchestration triggered by NIR. — Chu Z, Liu X, Zhao T, Jiang D, Zhao J, Dong X et al. Biomaterials (2025)
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Total Contact Casting Remains an Effective Modality for Treatment of Diabetic Foot Ulcers. — Zhang J, Sadek M, Iannuzzi L, Rockman C, Garg K, Taffet A et al. Vascular and endovascular surgery (2025)
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Facilitating Healing in Diabetic Foot Ulcers Using Homeopathy in a Multi-Disciplinary Integrative Approach: Two Evidence-Based Case Reports. — Ponnam HB Homeopathy : the journal of the Faculty of Homeopathy (2025)
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Cinnamon Nanoparticles Loaded on Chitosan- Gelatin Nanoparticles Enhanced Burn Wound Healing in Diabetic Foot Ulcers in Rats. — Hajati Ziabari A, Asadi Heris M, Mohammad Doodmani S, Jahandideh A, Koorehpaz K, Mohammadi R The international journal of lower extremity wounds (2025)
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A 12-Week Supervised Exercise Therapy Program for Patients with Diabetic Foot Ulcers: Program Development and Preliminary Feasibility. — Aagaard TV, Lindberg K, Brorson S, Madsen UR, Skou ST The international journal of lower extremity wounds (2025)
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The effect of the different waves of COVID-19 pandemic on the outcome of diabetic foot ulcers. — Goyal G, Majumdar S, Biswas Bose U, Shrivastava MR, Mukherjee JJ, Banka SP et al. The international journal of lower extremity wounds (2025)
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Protective Effect and Molecular Mechanism of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Diabetic Foot Ulcers. — Zhao J, Gu Y, Hou P Cellular reprogramming (2025)

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