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Gastroenterology532 papers

Crohn's disease

Last edited: 4/23/2026

Overview

Crohn's disease is an idiopathic inflammatory disorder affecting any part of the gastrointestinal tract, characterized by chronic inflammation with variable symptoms including abdominal pain, diarrhea, and extraintestinal manifestations 5 11.

Diagnosis

Clinical Presentation: Abdominal pain, diarrhea, weight loss, extraintestinal manifestations 5.

Imaging: MRI and CT enterography are integral for evaluating disease activity and complications 1 33.

Endoscopy: Essential for mucosal assessment and obtaining biopsies 33.

Laboratory Tests: Elevated inflammatory markers, anemia, and electrolyte imbalances 5.

Montreal Classification: Used for categorizing disease location, behavior, and phenotype 14.

Management

First-Line Treatments:

- Aminosalicylates: For mild to moderate disease 5. - Immunomodulators: Azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine 2 12. - Biologics: Anti-TNF agents (e.g., infliximab, adalimumab), integrin receptor antagonists (e.g., vedolizumab), IL-12/23 inhibitors (e.g., ustekinumab) 6 7 4 22.

Adjunctive Treatments:

- Nutritional Support: For malabsorption and malnutrition 3 34. - Vitamin D Supplementation: Addressing deficiency, though high-dose vitamin D does not prevent postoperative recurrence 33 35 60. - Surgery: Indicated for complications like strictures, fistulas, and refractory disease 19 48.

Special Populations

Pregnancy: Close monitoring and individualized treatment plans; avoid certain biologics like infliximab due to risk of neonatal infections 2 23.

Pediatrics: Early aggressive therapy to prevent growth impairment; biologic therapies effective but require careful monitoring 24 3 63.

Elderly: Consider comorbidities and frailty; tailored treatment approaches focusing on symptom control and quality of life 5.

Comorbidities: Manage extraintestinal manifestations like arthritis, uveitis, and thromboembolic events with appropriate interventions 3 16 17.

Key Recommendations

Use of Advanced Imaging: Employ MRI and CT enterography for accurate assessment of disease activity and complications (Evidence: Strong 1 33).

Biologic Therapy for Refractory Disease: Initiate biologic agents such as anti-TNFs or vedolizumab in patients with moderate to severe disease unresponsive to conventional therapy (Evidence: Strong 6 7).

Monitoring and Nutritional Support: Regularly assess nutritional status and provide supplementation for deficiencies, particularly vitamin D, in Crohn's disease patients (Evidence: Moderate 34 35).

Individualized Surgical Interventions: Consider surgery for complications but tailor approaches based on patient-specific factors (Evidence: Moderate 19 48).

Avoid Smoking: Strongly advise smoking cessation due to its significant impact on disease progression and outcomes (Evidence: Moderate 72).

References

Showing 100 most recent of 385 indexed papers.

1 Caron B, Jairath V, Sands BE, Rubin DT, Allocca M, Laurent V et al.. International Magnetic Resonance Imaging Consensus for Use in Luminal Crohn's Disease Trials and Clinical Practice. Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association 2026. link 2 Seo JY, Yoo JH. Beyond rheumatology: Reconsidering methotrexate for Crohn's disease in the biologic era. World journal of gastroenterology 2026. link 3 Yamamoto H, Wakisaka Y, Aoki Y, Kayashima A, Matsunaga T, Watanabe K et al.. A case of IgA vasculitis developing in a patient with Crohn's disease treated with adalimumab. Clinical journal of gastroenterology 2026. link 4 Peyrin-Biroulet L, Nazar M, Sheahan A, Geldhof A, Azzabi A, Baert F et al.. Long-term safety of ustekinumab in Crohn's disease: Descriptive analysis from an observational post-authorisation safety study using I-CARE cohort data. Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver 2026. link 5 Lichtenstein GR, Loftus EV, Afzali A, Long MD, Barnes EL, Isaacs KL et al.. ACG Clinical Guideline: Management of Crohn's Disease in Adults. The American journal of gastroenterology 2025. link 6 Scott FI, Ananthakrishnan AN, Click B, Agrawal M, Syal G, Haydek JP et al.. AGA Living Clinical Practice Guideline on the Pharmacologic Management of Moderate-to-Severe Crohn's Disease. Gastroenterology 2025. link 7 Shehab M, Alrashed F, Alrashidi A, Hassan A, Ma C, Narula N et al.. Network Meta-Analysis: Comparative Efficacy of Biologics and Small Molecules in the Induction and Maintenance of Remission in Crohn's Disease. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 2025. link 8 Amiot A, Buisson A, Gornet JM, Fumery M, Vuitton L, Juillerat P et al.. Diagnosis and management of patients with Crohn's disease. Position paper from the GETAID. Clinics and research in hepatology and gastroenterology 2025. link 9 Hameed M, De Kock I, Stoker J, Taylor SA. ESR Essentials: diagnosis and assessment of treatment response in patients with luminal Crohn's disease-practice recommendations by the European Society of Gastrointestinal and Abdominal Radiology. European radiology 2025. link 10 Inci I, Celik ZS, Kani HT. Assessing the Disease Activity in Crohn's Disease, Nothing Is Enough Alone. The Turkish journal of gastroenterology : the official journal of Turkish Society of Gastroenterology 2025. link 11 Kassim G, Holubar SD, Cohen BL. Key updates in Crohn's disease surgery for the gastroenterologist in 2025. Current opinion in gastroenterology 2025. link 12 Bonnaud G, Becker J, Chebbah M, Courbeyrette A, Faure P. Methotrexate in the management of Crohn's disease: A practice survey of gastroenterologists in France. World journal of gastroenterology 2025. link 13 Habeeb H, Chen L, De Kock I, Bhatnagar G, Kutaiba N, Vasudevan A et al.. Imaging in perianal fistulising Crohn's disease: A practical guide for the gastroenterologist. World journal of gastroenterology 2025. link 14 Ukashi O, Amiot A, Laharie D, Menchén L, Gutiérrez A, Fernandes S et al.. Inter-Rater Disagreements in Applying the Montreal Classification for Crohn's Disease: The Five-Nations Survey Study. United European gastroenterology journal 2025. link 15 Teixeira GZ, Teixeira MG, Gimenez MC, Ribeiro SCN, Chimello NB, Leandro-Merhi VA. UNEXPECTED FINDINGS DURING LAPAROTOMY SURGERY AND URGENT SURGICAL INDICATIONS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH CROHN'S DISEASE. Arquivos brasileiros de cirurgia digestiva : ABCD = Brazilian archives of digestive surgery 2025. link 16 Vidor M, Wirdasari W, Muzellina VN, Salim S. Wernicke Encephalopathy Associated with Crohn's Disease. Acta medica Indonesiana 2025. link 17 Alshahrani SM, Alkoblan RI, Alturki RA, Alashgar SM. Compartment Syndrome Secondary to Phlegmasia Cerulea Dolens in a Patient With Crohn's Disease. The American journal of case reports 2025. link 18 Kambala SA, Sindgikar SP, Hameed D, Sorake CJ. Stroke in paediatric Crohn's disease. BMJ case reports 2025. link 19 Adamina M, Minozzi S, Warusavitarne J, Buskens CJ, Chaparro M, Verstockt B et al.. ECCO Guidelines on Therapeutics in Crohn's Disease: Surgical Treatment. Journal of Crohn's & colitis 2024. link 20 Attauabi M, Steenholdt C, Poulsen A, Gubatan J, Burisch J, Nielsen OH et al.. Network meta-analysis: Comparative onset of early effect of biologics and small molecules in moderately to severely active luminal Crohn's disease. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 2024. link 21 Gong Y, He Y, Wan M, Chen H. Risk Factors for Gallstones in Crohn's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Digestive diseases and sciences 2024. link 22 Milioli NJ, Fernandes MV, Correa TL, Antunes V, Martins OC, Florêncio de Mesquita C et al.. Vedolizumab versus ustekinumab in Crohn's disease with prior anti-tumor necrosis factor failure: an updated meta-analysis. European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology 2024. link 23 Grellier N, Sokol H, Seksik P. Gut dysbiosis in Crohn's disease: Never so close to solving the chicken-and-egg enigma: Commentary to "Gut microbiome composition is associated with future onset of Crohn's disease in healthy first-degree relatives, by Raygoza Garay JA et al., Gastroenterology 2023". Clinics and research in hepatology and gastroenterology 2024. link 24 Alvisi P, Faraci S, Scarallo L, Congiu M, Bramuzzo M, Illiceto MT et al.. Major Abdominal Surgery for Pediatric Crohn's Disease in the Anti-TNF Era: 10-Year Analysis of Data From the IBD Registry of Italian Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition. Inflammatory bowel diseases 2024. link 25 Steedman S, Giang J. Outcomes of the use of infliximab biosimilars in rheumatology and gastroenterology clinics. Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy 2024. link 26 Wu LA, Chu YC, Wang JK, Hsu YR. Bilateral Retinal Artery Occlusions and Uveitis as the First Manifestation of Crohn's Disease. Ocular immunology and inflammation 2024. link 27 Geraghty KJ, O'Reilly CA, Neary PM. Excisional haemorrhoidectomy in Crohn's disease - is it time to question an old dogma?. Irish journal of medical science 2024. link 28 Ananthakrishnan AN, Adler J, Chachu KA, Nguyen NH, Siddique SM, Weiss JM et al.. AGA Clinical Practice Guideline on the Role of Biomarkers for the Management of Crohn's Disease. Gastroenterology 2023. link 29 Barberio B, Gracie DJ, Black CJ, Ford AC. Efficacy of biological therapies and small molecules in induction and maintenance of remission in luminal Crohn's disease: systematic review and network meta-analysis. Gut 2023. link 30 Serrano Fernandez V, Seldas Palomino M, Laredo-Aguilera JA, Pozuelo-Carrascosa DP, Carmona-Torres JM. High-Fiber Diet and Crohn's Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2023. link 31 Macaluso FS, Papi C, Orlando A, Festa S, Pugliese D, Bonovas S et al.. Use of biologics for the management of Crohn's disease: IG-IBD clinical guidelines based on the GRADE methodology. Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver 2023. link 32 Narula N, Chang NH, Mohammad D, Wong ECL, Ananthakrishnan AN, Chan SSM et al.. Food Processing and Risk of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association 2023. link 33 Rizzello F, Gionchetti P, Spisni E, Saracino IM, Bellocchio I, Spigarelli R et al.. Dietary Habits and Nutrient Deficiencies in a Cohort of European Crohn's Disease Adult Patients. International journal of molecular sciences 2023. link 34 Fletcher J, Brown M, Hewison M, Swift A, Cooper SC. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and modifiable risk factors in patients with Crohn's disease: A prospective observational study. Journal of advanced nursing 2023. link 35 Zheng Y, Li ZB, Wu ZY, Zhang KJ, Liao YJ, Wang X et al.. Vitamin D levels in the assessment of Crohn's disease activity and their relation to nutritional status and inflammation. Journal of human nutrition and dietetics : the official journal of the British Dietetic Association 2023. link 36 Zheng H, Chen X, Bu X, Qiu X, Zhang D, Zhou Y et al.. Assessment of dietary nutrient intake and its relationship to the nutritional status of patients with Crohn's Disease in Guangdong Province of China. Nutricion hospitalaria 2023. link 37 McDonnell M, Sartain S, Westoby C, Katarachia V, Wootton SA, Cummings JRF. Micronutrient Status in Adult Crohn's Disease during Clinical Remission: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2023. link 38 Zheng Y, Li JH, Liao SY, Fu YM, Zhang YJ, Lin JL et al.. Joint Detection of Serum Vitamin D, Body Mass Index, and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha for the Diagnosis of Crohn's Disease. Current medical science 2023. link 39 Peng C, Jiang Y, Ou X, Liao L, Yang C, Zhou Q et al.. Novel XIAP mutation with early-onset Crohn's disease complicated with acute heart failure: a case report. BMC cardiovascular disorders 2023. link 40 Yu B, Zhao L, Jin S, He H, Zhang J, Wang X. Model-Based Meta-Analysis on the Efficacy of Biologics and Small Targeted Molecules for Crohn's Disease. Frontiers in immunology 2022. link 41 Labriola F, Marcato C, Zarbo C, Betti L, Catelli A, Valerii MC et al.. Dietary Habits of a Group of Children with Crohn's Disease Compared to Healthy Subjects: Assessment of Risk of Nutritional Deficiencies through a Bromatological Analysis. Nutrients 2022. link 42 Croasdale DR, Su EM, Olutola OE, Polito CP, Ata A, Keenan M et al.. The Effect of an Enhanced Recovery Program on Elective Right Hemicolectomies for Crohn's Disease vs. Colon Cancer: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis. The American surgeon 2022. link 43 Fotis L, Kourti A, Prountzos S, Alexopoulou E, Papaevangelou V, Fessatou S. Takayasu arteritis in an adolescent with Crohn's disease. Rheumatology international 2022. link 44 Saggi S, Lekoubou A, Ovbiagele B. Prevalence and Predictors of Stroke in Patients with Crohn's Disease: A Nationwide Study. Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association 2022. link 45 Morgenweck E, Park B, Bower R. Heart failure associated with ustekinumab therapy for treatment of Crohn's Disease. BMJ case reports 2022. link 46 Keller K, Sivanathan V, Schmitt VH, Ostad MA, Münzel T, Espinola-Klein C et al.. Incidence and impact of venous thromboembolism in hospitalized patients with Crohn's disease. Thrombosis research 2022. link 47 Jain SR, Ow ZGW, Chin YH, Lim WH, Kong G, Tham HY et al.. Quantifying the rate of recurrence of postoperative Crohn's disease with biological therapy. A meta-analysis. Journal of digestive diseases 2021. link 48 Quaresma AB, Miranda EF, Kotze PG. MANAGEMENT OF ILEOCECAL CROHN'S DISEASE DURING SURGICAL TREATMENT FOR ACUTE APPENDICITIS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. Arquivos de gastroenterologia 2021. link 49 Lightner AL, Jia X, Zaghiyan K, Fleshner PR. IPAA in Known Preoperative Crohn's Disease: A Systematic Review. Diseases of the colon and rectum 2021. link 50 Askkar BA, Jassam NH, Al-Obaidi HO. Calculation of the Lémann index at initial presentation of Crohn's disease in a sample of Iraqi patients attending gastroenterology and hepatology teaching hospital. Journal of population therapeutics and clinical pharmacology = Journal de la therapeutique des populations et de la pharmacologie clinique 2021. link 51 Singh S, Proctor D, Scott FI, Falck-Ytter Y, Feuerstein JD. AGA Technical Review on the Medical Management of Moderate to Severe Luminal and Perianal Fistulizing Crohn's Disease. Gastroenterology 2021. link 52 Yang Y, Cui X, Li J, Wang H, Li Y, Chen Y et al.. Clinical evaluation of vitamin D status and its relationship with disease activity and changes of intestinal immune function in patients with Crohn's disease in the Chinese population. Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology 2021. link 53 de Bruyn JR, Bossuyt P, Ferrante M, West RL, Dijkstra G, Witteman BJ et al.. High-Dose Vitamin D Does Not Prevent Postoperative Recurrence of Crohn's Disease in a Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial. Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association 2021. link 54 Goertz RS, Hensel S, Wildner D, Neurath MF, Strobel D. Bowel wall thickening and hyperemia assessed by high-frequency ultrasound indicate histological inflammation in Crohn's ileitis. Abdominal radiology (New York) 2021. link 55 Deroo L, Elewaut A, Van Moerkercke W. Unexplained fever in a young man with Crohn's disease: a case report and review of literature. Acta clinica Belgica 2021. link 56 Chateau T, Peyrin-Biroulet L. Evolving therapeutic goals in Crohn's disease management. United European gastroenterology journal 2020. link 57 Leenhardt R, Buisson A, Bourreille A, Marteau P, Koulaouzidis A, Li C et al.. Nomenclature and semantic descriptions of ulcerative and inflammatory lesions seen in Crohn's disease in small bowel capsule endoscopy: An international Delphi consensus statement. United European gastroenterology journal 2020. link 58 Majeed M, Agrawal R, Attar BM, Kamal S, Patel P, Omar YA et al.. Fragility index: how fragile is the data that support the American College of Gastroenterology guidelines for the management of Crohn's disease?. European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology 2020. link 59 Jukema JB, Brandse JF, de Boer NKH. Successful Treatment of Oral Crohn's Disease by Ustekinumab. Inflammatory bowel diseases 2020. link 60 Guzman-Prado Y, Samson O, Segal JP, Limdi JK, Hayee B. Vitamin D Therapy in Adults With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Inflammatory bowel diseases 2020. link 61 Limketkai BN, Singla MB, Rodriguez B, Veerappan GR, Betteridge JD, Ramos MA et al.. Levels of Vitamin D Are Low After Crohn's Disease Is Established But Not Before. Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association 2020. link 62 Monif GRG. Are the permanent sequelae of Crohn's disease a failure to treat the gastrointestinal microbiota?. Medical hypotheses 2019. link 63 Mack DR, Benchimol EI, Critch J, deBruyn J, Tse F, Moayyedi P et al.. Canadian Association of Gastroenterology Clinical Practice Guideline for the Medical Management of Pediatric Luminal Crohn's Disease. Gastroenterology 2019. link 64 Geffrier C, de Parades V, Abramowitz L, Benfredj P, Bonnaud G, Bord C et al.. Online training on how to diagnose anoperineal lesions of Crohn's disease: Do pictures matter? A nationwide randomized study. Clinics and research in hepatology and gastroenterology 2019. link 65 Panaccione R, Steinhart AH, Bressler B, Khanna R, Marshall JK, Targownik L et al.. Canadian Association of Gastroenterology Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Luminal Crohn's Disease. Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association 2019. link 66 Ma C, Almutairdi A, Tanyingoh D, Seow CH, Novak KL, Lu C et al.. Reduction in surgical stoma rates in Crohn's disease: a population-based time trend analysis. Colorectal disease : the official journal of the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland 2019. link 67 Marazuela García P, López-Frías López-Jurado A, Vicente Bártulos A. Acute abdominal pain in patients with Crohn's disease: what urgent imaging tests should be done?. Radiologia 2019. link 68 Viola A, Monterubbianesi R, Scalisi G, Furfaro F, Rea M, Saibeni S et al.. Late-onset Crohn's disease: a comparison of disease behaviour and therapy with younger adult patients: the Italian Group for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease 'AGED' study. European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology 2019. link 69 Ito S, Higashiyama M, Horiuchi K, Mizoguchi A, Soga S, Tanemoto R et al.. Atypical Clinical Presentation of Crohn's Disease with Superior Mesenteric Vein Obstruction and Protein-losing Enteropathy. Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) 2019. link 70 Akemoto Y, Sakuraba H, Tanaka M, Hiraga H, Kikuchi H, Morohashi S et al.. Gastric Focal Neutrophil Infiltration and Wide Duodenal Gastric Foveolar Metaplasia Are Histologic Discriminative Markers for Crohn's Disease and Behçet's Disease. Digestion 2019. link 71 Lichtenstein GR, Loftus EV, Isaacs KL, Regueiro MD, Gerson LB, Sands BE. ACG Clinical Guideline: Management of Crohn's Disease in Adults. The American journal of gastroenterology 2018. link 72 Nulsen B, Sands BE, Shah BJ, Ungaro RC. Practices, attitudes, and knowledge about Crohn's disease and smoking cessation among gastroenterologists. European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology 2018. link 73 Bruining DH, Zimmermann EM, Loftus EV, Sandborn WJ, Sauer CG, Strong SA. Consensus Recommendations for Evaluation, Interpretation, and Utilization of Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Enterography in Patients With Small Bowel Crohn's Disease. Gastroenterology 2018. link 74 Galata C, Weiss C, Hardt J, Seyfried S, Post S, Kienle P et al.. Risk factors for early postoperative complications and length of hospital stay in ileocecal resection and right hemicolectomy for Crohn's disease: a single-center experience. International journal of colorectal disease 2018. link 75 Meral M, Bengi G, Kayahan H, Akarsu M, Soytürk M, Topalak Ö et al.. Is ileocecal valve intubation essential for routine colonoscopic examination?. European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology 2018. link 76 Barlow JJ, Hawthorne AB. Crohn's disease for the general physician: presentation and investigations. British journal of hospital medicine (London, England : 2005) 2017. link 77 Zhang YF, Xiang ZK, Liu CZ. Comment on: Macronutrient Intake and Risk of Crohn's Disease: Systematic Review and Dose-Response: Meta-Analysis of Epidemiological Studies, Nutrients 2017, 9, 500. Nutrients 2017. link 78 Inohara N. Route Connection: Mouth to Intestine in Colitis. Cell host & microbe 2017. link 79 Kedia S, Sharma R, Makharia GK, Ahuja V, Desai D, Kandasamy D et al.. Imaging of the small intestine in Crohn's disease: Joint position statement of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology and Indian Radiological and Imaging Association. Indian journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology 2017. link 80 Péntek M, Lakatos PL, Oorsprong T, Gulácsi L, Pavlova M, Groot W et al.. Access to biologicals in Crohn's disease in ten European countries. World journal of gastroenterology 2017. link 81 Lee MJ, Heywood N, Sagar PM, Brown SR, Fearnhead NS. Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland consensus exercise on surgical management of fistulating perianal Crohn's disease. Colorectal disease : the official journal of the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland 2017. link 82 Lee MJ, Heywood N, Sagar PM, Brown SR, Fearnhead NS. Surgical management of fistulating perianal Crohn's disease: a UK survey. Colorectal disease : the official journal of the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland 2017. link 83 Cohen SA, Aloi M, Arumugam R, Baker R, Bax K, Kierkuś J et al.. Enteric-coated budesonide for the induction and maintenance of remission of Crohn's disease in children. Current medical research and opinion 2017. link 84 McCullough P, Heaney R. Correction of vitamin D deficiency using sublingually administered vitamin D2 in a Crohn's disease patient with mal-absorption and a new ileostomy. The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology 2017. link 85 Marshall C, Markiewicz D, Bewley A. Adolescent "Saxophone Penis" Secondary to Crohn's Disease: Misdiagnosed as Being Posttraumatic. Pediatric dermatology 2016. link 86 Bettenworth D, Lopez R, Hindryckx P, Levesque BG, Rieder F. Heterogeneity in endoscopic treatment of Crohn's disease-associated strictures: An international inflammatory bowel disease specialist survey. Journal of gastroenterology 2016. link 87 Ooi CJ, Makharia GK, Hilmi I, Gibson PR, Fock KM, Ahuja V et al.. Asia Pacific Consensus Statements on Crohn's disease. Part 1: Definition, diagnosis, and epidemiology: (Asia Pacific Crohn's Disease Consensus--Part 1). Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology 2016. link 88 Dubcenco E, Zou G, Stitt L, Baker JP, Jeejeebhoy KN, Kandel G et al.. Effect of Standardised Scoring Conventions on Inter-rater Reliability in the Endoscopic Evaluation of Crohn's Disease. Journal of Crohn's & colitis 2016. link 89 Ooi CJ, Makharia GK, Hilmi I, Gibson PR, Fock KM, Ahuja V et al.. Asia-Pacific consensus statements on Crohn's disease. Part 2: Management. Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology 2016. link 90 O'Sullivan M. Is vitamin D supplementation a viable treatment for Crohn's disease?. Expert review of gastroenterology & hepatology 2016. link 91 Dai C, Jiang M, Sun MJ. Can fecal microbial transplant effectively treat Crohn's disease?. Inflammatory bowel diseases 2015. link 92 Suskind DL. Reply to can fecal microbial transplant effectively treat Crohn's disease?. Inflammatory bowel diseases 2015. link 93 Ortega-Alonso A, López-Navarro N, Gallego E, Lara C, Alcaín-Martínez G. Crohn's disease and Sweet's syndrome: A debut together. Revista espanola de enfermedades digestivas 2015. link 94 Reilly I, Dibb M. Nutritional management of the patient with Crohn's disease. British journal of hospital medicine (London, England : 2005) 2015. link 95 Buisson A, Hordonneau C, Goutte M, Bommelaer G. What is the Role of Diffusion-weighted Imaging in Ileocolonic Crohn's Disease?. Inflammatory bowel diseases 2015. link 96 Aguirre A, Nugent CA. Images in Clinical Medicine: Oral Manifestation of Crohn's Disease. The New England journal of medicine 2015. link 97 Kim SY, Park SH. Reply to What is the Role of Diffusion-weighted Imaging in Ileocolonic Crohn's Disease?. Inflammatory bowel diseases 2015. link 98 Maconi G, Orlandini L, Asthana AK, Sciurti R, Furfaro F, Bezzio C et al.. The impact of symptoms, irritable bowel syndrome pattern and diagnostic investigations on the diagnostic delay of Crohn's disease: A prospective study. Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver 2015. link 99 Ramakrishna BS, Makharia GK, Ahuja V, Ghoshal UC, Jayanthi V, Perakath B et al.. Indian Society of Gastroenterology consensus statements on Crohn's disease in India. Indian journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology 2015. link 100 Greene L, Sapir T, Moreo K, Carter JD, Patel B, Higgins PD. Impact of Quality Improvement Educational Interventions on Documented Adherence to Quality Measures for Adults with Crohn's Disease. Inflammatory bowel diseases 2015. link

Original source

[1]
International Magnetic Resonance Imaging Consensus for Use in Luminal Crohn's Disease Trials and Clinical Practice. — Caron B, Jairath V, Sands BE, Rubin DT, Allocca M, Laurent V et al. Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association (2026)
[2]
Beyond rheumatology: Reconsidering methotrexate for Crohn's disease in the biologic era. — Seo JY, Yoo JH World journal of gastroenterology (2026)
[3]
A case of IgA vasculitis developing in a patient with Crohn's disease treated with adalimumab. — Yamamoto H, Wakisaka Y, Aoki Y, Kayashima A, Matsunaga T, Watanabe K et al. Clinical journal of gastroenterology (2026)
[4]
Long-term safety of ustekinumab in Crohn's disease: Descriptive analysis from an observational post-authorisation safety study using I-CARE cohort data. — Peyrin-Biroulet L, Nazar M, Sheahan A, Geldhof A, Azzabi A, Baert F et al. Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver (2026)
[5]
ACG Clinical Guideline: Management of Crohn's Disease in Adults. — Lichtenstein GR, Loftus EV, Afzali A, Long MD, Barnes EL, Isaacs KL et al. The American journal of gastroenterology (2025)
[6]
AGA Living Clinical Practice Guideline on the Pharmacologic Management of Moderate-to-Severe Crohn's Disease. — Scott FI, Ananthakrishnan AN, Click B, Agrawal M, Syal G, Haydek JP et al. Gastroenterology (2025)
[7]
Network Meta-Analysis: Comparative Efficacy of Biologics and Small Molecules in the Induction and Maintenance of Remission in Crohn's Disease. — Shehab M, Alrashed F, Alrashidi A, Hassan A, Ma C, Narula N et al. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics (2025)
[8]
Diagnosis and management of patients with Crohn's disease. Position paper from the GETAID. — Amiot A, Buisson A, Gornet JM, Fumery M, Vuitton L, Juillerat P et al. Clinics and research in hepatology and gastroenterology (2025)
[9]
ESR Essentials: diagnosis and assessment of treatment response in patients with luminal Crohn's disease-practice recommendations by the European Society of Gastrointestinal and Abdominal Radiology. — Hameed M, De Kock I, Stoker J, Taylor SA European radiology (2025)
[10]
Assessing the Disease Activity in Crohn's Disease, Nothing Is Enough Alone. — Inci I, Celik ZS, Kani HT The Turkish journal of gastroenterology : the official journal of Turkish Society of Gastroenterology (2025)
[11]
Key updates in Crohn's disease surgery for the gastroenterologist in 2025. — Kassim G, Holubar SD, Cohen BL Current opinion in gastroenterology (2025)
[12]
Methotrexate in the management of Crohn's disease: A practice survey of gastroenterologists in France. — Bonnaud G, Becker J, Chebbah M, Courbeyrette A, Faure P World journal of gastroenterology (2025)
[13]
Imaging in perianal fistulising Crohn's disease: A practical guide for the gastroenterologist. — Habeeb H, Chen L, De Kock I, Bhatnagar G, Kutaiba N, Vasudevan A et al. World journal of gastroenterology (2025)
[14]
Inter-Rater Disagreements in Applying the Montreal Classification for Crohn's Disease: The Five-Nations Survey Study. — Ukashi O, Amiot A, Laharie D, Menchén L, Gutiérrez A, Fernandes S et al. United European gastroenterology journal (2025)
[15]
UNEXPECTED FINDINGS DURING LAPAROTOMY SURGERY AND URGENT SURGICAL INDICATIONS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH CROHN'S DISEASE. — Teixeira GZ, Teixeira MG, Gimenez MC, Ribeiro SCN, Chimello NB, Leandro-Merhi VA Arquivos brasileiros de cirurgia digestiva : ABCD = Brazilian archives of digestive surgery (2025)
[16]
Wernicke Encephalopathy Associated with Crohn's Disease. — Vidor M, Wirdasari W, Muzellina VN, Salim S Acta medica Indonesiana (2025)
[17]
Compartment Syndrome Secondary to Phlegmasia Cerulea Dolens in a Patient With Crohn's Disease. — Alshahrani SM, Alkoblan RI, Alturki RA, Alashgar SM The American journal of case reports (2025)
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