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Shenjing shuairuo — Clinical Guidelines

Overview

Shenjing shuairuo, often translated as "cosmetic surgery" or "beauty surgery" in English, encompasses a broad spectrum of surgical and minimally invasive procedures aimed at enhancing physical appearance. This practice has seen significant growth in China, driven by increasing societal acceptance, technological advancements, and evolving beauty standards. According to the 2021 white paper on the medical and beauty industry by the New Oxygen Data Research Institute, the number of cosmetic surgery customers in China surged by approximately 3 million in 2021, marking the fastest year-on-year growth in the past three years [PMID:36807969]. This surge highlights the growing demand and accessibility of cosmetic procedures within the country, reflecting broader trends in global beauty culture. Clinicians should be aware of these trends to effectively manage patient expectations and outcomes.

Epidemiology

The epidemiology of cosmetic surgery in China reveals a multifaceted landscape influenced by demographic, cultural, and technological factors. The rapid increase in cosmetic surgery customers, as noted in the 2021 white paper [PMID:36807969], underscores a shift towards proactive aesthetic enhancements among diverse age groups and socioeconomic backgrounds. Younger populations, particularly those in urban areas, are increasingly seeking procedures such as facial contouring, eyelid surgery, and minimally invasive treatments like fillers and botulinum toxin injections. This trend is further amplified by the pervasive influence of social media and digital platforms, which play a crucial role in shaping beauty ideals and driving consumer behavior.

Digital platforms, notably Douyin (TikTok's Chinese version), have emerged as pivotal channels for both marketing and patient education. With over 60,000 institutional certification accounts related to cosmetic surgery on Douyin, these platforms serve not only as marketing tools but also as informational hubs where potential patients gather insights and testimonials [PMID:36807969]. This digital engagement significantly impacts patient decision-making processes, often influencing their choice of procedures and institutions. Clinicians must consider these digital influences when counseling patients, addressing both the benefits and potential risks associated with cosmetic interventions.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis in the context of cosmetic surgery primarily revolves around patient assessment and informed consent rather than clinical pathology. Clinicians should conduct thorough evaluations to understand the patient's motivations, expectations, and psychological readiness for surgery. Key aspects include:

Psychological Evaluation: Assessing the patient's mental health and ensuring they have realistic expectations about the outcomes of cosmetic procedures. This may involve screening for body dysmorphic disorder or other psychological conditions that could affect decision-making [PMID:36807969].

Medical History: Reviewing the patient's medical history for any conditions that might complicate surgery or recovery, such as bleeding disorders, cardiovascular diseases, or previous surgeries.

Physical Examination: Conducting a detailed physical examination to identify any anatomical features that could influence surgical planning and outcomes.

While specific diagnostic criteria are not extensively detailed in the available literature, these assessments are crucial for ensuring patient safety and satisfaction post-procedure. Clinicians should tailor their approach based on individual patient needs and circumstances.

Management

Preoperative Management

Effective preoperative management is essential for optimizing patient outcomes and minimizing risks associated with cosmetic surgery. Key components include:

Comprehensive Counseling: Engaging in detailed discussions about the procedure, potential risks, recovery timelines, and realistic outcomes. This helps manage patient expectations and ensures informed consent [PMID:36807969].

Medical Optimization: Addressing any underlying health conditions that could complicate surgery. This may involve optimizing medications, managing chronic diseases, and ensuring the patient is in the best possible health state.

Psychological Support: Offering or referring patients to psychological support if there are signs of unrealistic expectations or underlying mental health concerns.

Intraoperative Considerations

During the surgical procedure, meticulous attention to technique and adherence to sterile protocols are paramount:

Surgical Precision: Utilizing advanced techniques and technologies to achieve precise outcomes while minimizing trauma to surrounding tissues.

Anesthesia Management: Ensuring safe anesthesia practices tailored to the specific procedure and patient condition, with close monitoring of vital signs throughout the surgery.

Postoperative Care

Postoperative care is critical for recovery and achieving optimal results:

Pain Management: Implementing effective pain control strategies to ensure patient comfort and facilitate early mobilization.

Wound Care: Providing detailed instructions for wound care, including signs of infection to watch for, and scheduling follow-up appointments to monitor healing progress.

Rehabilitation: Recommending appropriate physical activities and restrictions to promote healing without compromising results.

Digital Engagement and Patient Education

Given the significant role of digital platforms like Douyin in shaping patient expectations and behaviors, integrating digital engagement into postoperative care can be beneficial:

Follow-Up Communication: Utilizing digital platforms for regular check-ins, providing educational content, and addressing patient queries promptly.

Support Groups: Encouraging participation in online support groups where patients can share experiences and gain peer support, fostering a sense of community and reducing anxiety.

Key Recommendations

Comprehensive Patient Assessment: Conduct thorough psychological, medical, and physical evaluations to ensure patients are well-informed and psychologically prepared for cosmetic surgery.

Informed Consent: Emphasize detailed discussions about procedure specifics, risks, and realistic outcomes to manage patient expectations effectively.

Digital Literacy: Educate patients about the reliability of information sourced from digital platforms and encourage critical evaluation of online content.

Continuous Monitoring: Implement robust postoperative monitoring protocols, including regular follow-ups and digital engagement, to support recovery and address any complications promptly.

Multidisciplinary Approach: Consider involving a multidisciplinary team including psychologists, anesthesiologists, and specialized surgeons to provide holistic care tailored to individual patient needs.

These recommendations aim to enhance patient safety, satisfaction, and overall outcomes in the rapidly evolving landscape of cosmetic surgery in China.

References

1 Zhang J, Han P, Tang Y, Xi W, Xiao X, Yang F. Popular science and education of cosmetic surgery in China: Quality and reliability evaluation of Douyin short videos. Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy 2023. link

1 papers cited of 3 indexed.

Shenjing shuairuo