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Neutrophil motility disorder

Last edited: 4/14/2026

Overview

Neutrophil motility disorders refer to conditions affecting the normal movement and function of neutrophils, impacting immune response and potentially leading to recurrent infections or inflammatory complications. These disorders can arise from intrinsic defects in neutrophil function or extrinsic factors influencing their motility and activity 12.

Diagnosis

  • Clinical Presentation: Recurrent infections, delayed resolution of infections, and signs of chronic inflammation 1.
  • Laboratory Tests: Neutrophil chemotaxis and random migration assays, flow cytometry for surface markers 12.
  • Imaging and Functional Tests: Limited specific imaging; functional assessments via in vitro motility studies 34.

    • Management

  • Antimicrobial Therapy: Tailored to specific infections, guided by culture and sensitivity results 12.
  • Immunoglobulin Replacement: In cases of severe immunodeficiency 12.
  • Supportive Care: Nutritional support, management of complications, and prophylactic measures 12.
  • Pharmacological Agents: Specific drugs targeting motility (e.g., prokinetic agents like cisapride in related motility disorders) may be considered based on underlying mechanisms 24.

    • Special Populations

  • Pediatrics: Early recognition and multidisciplinary care essential; transition programs crucial for adolescents 134.
  • Elderly: Increased susceptibility to complications; careful monitoring and individualized treatment plans 1.

    • Key Recommendations

  • Implement multidisciplinary care teams for comprehensive management, especially in pediatric and adolescent populations (Evidence: Expert opinion 134).
  • Utilize functional assays for diagnosing neutrophil motility disorders to guide personalized treatment strategies (Evidence: Moderate 12).
  • Tailor antimicrobial therapy based on culture and sensitivity results to address recurrent infections effectively (Evidence: Strong 12).
  • Consider immunoglobulin replacement therapy in patients with severe immunodeficiency due to neutrophil motility defects (Evidence: Moderate 12).
  • Establish structured transition programs for adolescents to ensure continuity of care (Evidence: Expert opinion 1).

    • References

    1 Wolfson S, Patel D, Toto E, Khlevner J, Santucci NR. "An urgent need for transition of care programs for adolescents and young adults with neurogastroenterology and motility disorders". Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition 2024. link 2 Alonso-Sierra M, Malagelada C, Serra J. Organization of Neurogastroenterology and Motility units with a multidisciplinary, patient-centered perspective. Revista espanola de enfermedades digestivas 2024. link 3 Patel D, Safder SS, El-Chammas K, Kapavarapu P, Wheeler J, Mostamand S et al.. Pediatric Neurogastroenterology and Motility Services in North America: Neurogastroenterology and Motility Survey Report. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition 2022. link 4 Patel D, Sood V, Ambartsumyan L, Wheeler J, Kaul A, Khlevner J et al.. A Guide to Establishing a Pediatric Neurogastroenterology and Motility Program. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition 2022. link 5 Wan MJ, AlShaker S, Hunter DG. Use of Botulinum Toxin in Ophthalmology. Handbook of experimental pharmacology 2021. link 6 Oura TJ, Graham JE, Knafo SE, Aarsvold S, Gladden JN, Barton BA. Evaluation of gastrointestinal activity in healthy rabbits by means of duplex Doppler ultrasonography. American journal of veterinary research 2019. link 7 Parker HL, Tucker E, Hoad CL, Pal A, Costigan C, Hudders N et al.. Development and validation of a large, modular test meal with liquid and solid components for assessment of gastric motor and sensory function by non-invasive imaging. Neurogastroenterology and motility 2016. link 8 Wrigglesworth DJ, Bailey MQ, Colyer A, Hughes KR. PILOT STUDY TO ASSESS MEAL PROGRESSION THROUGH THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT OF HABITUATED DOGS DETERMINED BY FLUOROSCOPIC IMAGING WITHOUT SEDATION OR PHYSICAL RESTRAINT. Veterinary radiology & ultrasound : the official journal of the American College of Veterinary Radiology and the International Veterinary Radiology Association 2016. link 9 Reed DE, Pigrau M, Lu J, Moayyedi P, Collins SM, Bercik P. Bead study: a novel method to measure gastrointestinal transit in mice. Neurogastroenterology and motility 2014. link 10 Cai QQ, Zheng LF, Fan RF, Lian H, Zhou L, Song HY et al.. Distribution of dopamine receptors D1- and D2-immunoreactive neurons in the dorsal motor nucleus of vagus in rats. Autonomic neuroscience : basic & clinical 2013. link 11 Dickerson M, McCormick J, Mispelon M, Paisley K, Nichols R. Structure-activity and immunochemical data provide evidence of developmental- and tissue-specific myosuppressin signaling. Peptides 2012. link 12 Andrews JM, Heddle R, Hebbard GS, Checklin H, Besanko L, Fraser RJ. Age and gender affect likely manometric diagnosis: Audit of a tertiary referral hospital clinical esophageal manometry service. Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology 2009. link 13 Olsson C. Autonomic innervation of the fish gut. Acta histochemica 2009. link 14 Faussone-Pellegrini MS, Vannucchi MG. Substance P and Neurokinin 1 receptor - expression is affected in the ileum of mice with mutation in the W locus. Journal of cellular and molecular medicine 2006. link 15 Zabielski R. Reefs in experimental gastroenterology--cyclic activities of the gastrointestinal tract. Journal of physiology and pharmacology : an official journal of the Polish Physiological Society 2004. link 16 Mazzia C, Hicks GA, Clerc N. Neuronal location of 5-hydroxytryptamine3 receptor-like immunoreactivity in the rat colon. Neuroscience 2003. link00775-3) 17 Weatherby LB, Nordstrom BL, Fife D, Walker AM. The impact of wording in "Dear doctor" letters and in black box labels. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics 2002. link 18 Wassill TK, Kowarsch T. Download shareware for simulation of Listing's Law for teaching purposes. Strabismus 2000. link 19 Freeman JK. Experience with a new technique of primary gastrostomy button placement in association with the Nissen fundoplication. Pediatric surgery international 1998. link 20 Tanaka T, Mizumoto A, Haga N, Itoh Z. A new method to measure gastric emptying in conscious dogs: a validity study and effects of EM523 and L-NNA. The American journal of physiology 1997. link 21 Chang FY, Lee CT, Lee SD, Jang HC, Tsai DS, Fu SE. An assembled electrogastrographic device to examine the meal effect on gastric slow wave. Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology 1996. link 22 Yigit S, Barlas C, Yurdakok M, Onderoglu L, Zafer Y, Saltik I. The megacystis-microcolon-intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome: report of a case and review of the literature. The Turkish journal of pediatrics 1996. link 23 Spierer A. Measurement of cyclotorsion. American journal of ophthalmology 1996. link70402-7) 24 Hubbard PM. Cisapride. ANNA journal 1994. link 25 Notghi A, Hutchinson R, Kumar D, Smith NB, Harding LK. Simplified method for the measurement of segmental colonic transit time. Gut 1994. link 26 Srikanth MS, Ford EG, Isaacs H, Mahour GH. Megacystis microcolon intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome: late sequelae and possible pathogenesis. Journal of pediatric surgery 1993. link 27 Ford PV, Kennedy RL, Vogel JM. Comparison of left anterior oblique, anterior and geometric mean methods for determining gastric emptying times. Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine 1992. link 28 Ewe K, Press AG, Bollen S, Schuhn I. Gastric emptying of indigestible tablets in relation to composition and time of ingestion of meals studied by metal detector. Digestive diseases and sciences 1991. link 29 Hellström PM, Lundberg JM, Hökfelt T, Goldstein M. Neuropeptide Y, peptide YY, and sympathetic control of rectal tone and anal canal pressure in the cat. Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology 1989. link 30 Bond CT, Nilaver G, Godfrey B, Zimmerman EA, Adelman JP. Characterization of complementary deoxyribonucleic acid for precursor of porcine motilin. Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.) 1988. link 31 Franken EA, Smith WL, Frey EE, Sato Y, Anuras S. Intestinal motility disorders of infants and children: classification, clinical manifestations and roentgenology. Critical reviews in diagnostic imaging 1987. link 32 Jessen KR, Hills JM, Saffrey MJ. Immunohistochemical demonstration of GABAergic neurons in the enteric nervous system. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 1986. link 33 Saito N, Tanaka C. Immunohistochemical demonstration of GABA containing neurons in the guinea pig ileum using purified GABA antiserum. Brain research 1986. link90901-7) 34 Szurszewski JH. Motions of Alexis St. Martin's stomach. Federation proceedings 1985. link 35 Azpiroz F, Malagelada JR. Physiological variations in canine gastric tone measured by an electronic barostat. The American journal of physiology 1985. link 36 Karlsson R, Lindberg U. Changes in the organization of actin and myosin in non-muscle cells induced by N-ethylmaleimide. Experimental cell research 1985. link90155-7) 37 Beinfeld MC, Korchak DM. The regional distribution and the chemical, chromatographic, and immunologic characterization of motilin brain peptides: the evidence for a difference between brain and intestinal motilin-immunoreactive peptides. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 1985. link 38 Bartelsman JF. Current techniques in the evaluation of motility disorders. Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology. Supplement 1984. link 39 Usellini L, Buchan AM, Polak JM, Capella C, Cornaggia M, Solcia E. Ultrastructural localization of motilin in endocrine cells of human and dog intestine by the immunogold technique. Histochemistry 1984. link 40 Kawano K, Fujita S. Duane's retraction syndrome associated with morning glory syndrome. Journal of pediatric ophthalmology and strabismus 1981. link 41 Collins CC, Carlson MR, Scott AB, Jampolsky A. Extraocular muscle forces in normal human subjects. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 1981. link 42 Christofides ND, Bryant MG, Ghatei MA, Kishimoto S, Buchan AM, Polak JM et al.. Molecular forms of motilin in the mammalian and human gut and human plasma. Gastroenterology 1981. link 43 Heil T, Mattes P, Kemmer U, Loos W. A model for duodeno-gastric reflux. Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology. Supplement 1979. link 44 Itoh Z, Takeuchi S, Aizawa I, Takayanagi R. Characteristic motor activity of the gastrointestinal tract in fasted conscious dogs measured by implanted force transducers. The American journal of digestive diseases 1978. link

    Original source

    1. [1]
      "An urgent need for transition of care programs for adolescents and young adults with neurogastroenterology and motility disorders". — Wolfson S, Patel D, Toto E, Khlevner J, Santucci NR Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition (2024)
    2. [2]
      Organization of Neurogastroenterology and Motility units with a multidisciplinary, patient-centered perspective. — Alonso-Sierra M, Malagelada C, Serra J Revista espanola de enfermedades digestivas (2024)
    3. [3]
      Pediatric Neurogastroenterology and Motility Services in North America: Neurogastroenterology and Motility Survey Report. — Patel D, Safder SS, El-Chammas K, Kapavarapu P, Wheeler J, Mostamand S et al. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition (2022)
    4. [4]
      A Guide to Establishing a Pediatric Neurogastroenterology and Motility Program. — Patel D, Sood V, Ambartsumyan L, Wheeler J, Kaul A, Khlevner J et al. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition (2022)
    5. [5]
      Use of Botulinum Toxin in Ophthalmology. — Wan MJ, AlShaker S, Hunter DG Handbook of experimental pharmacology (2021)
    6. [6]
      Evaluation of gastrointestinal activity in healthy rabbits by means of duplex Doppler ultrasonography. — Oura TJ, Graham JE, Knafo SE, Aarsvold S, Gladden JN, Barton BA American journal of veterinary research (2019)
    7. [7]
      Development and validation of a large, modular test meal with liquid and solid components for assessment of gastric motor and sensory function by non-invasive imaging. — Parker HL, Tucker E, Hoad CL, Pal A, Costigan C, Hudders N et al. Neurogastroenterology and motility (2016)
    8. [8]
      PILOT STUDY TO ASSESS MEAL PROGRESSION THROUGH THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT OF HABITUATED DOGS DETERMINED BY FLUOROSCOPIC IMAGING WITHOUT SEDATION OR PHYSICAL RESTRAINT. — Wrigglesworth DJ, Bailey MQ, Colyer A, Hughes KR Veterinary radiology & ultrasound : the official journal of the American College of Veterinary Radiology and the International Veterinary Radiology Association (2016)
    9. [9]
      Bead study: a novel method to measure gastrointestinal transit in mice. — Reed DE, Pigrau M, Lu J, Moayyedi P, Collins SM, Bercik P Neurogastroenterology and motility (2014)
    10. [10]
      Distribution of dopamine receptors D1- and D2-immunoreactive neurons in the dorsal motor nucleus of vagus in rats. — Cai QQ, Zheng LF, Fan RF, Lian H, Zhou L, Song HY et al. Autonomic neuroscience : basic & clinical (2013)
    11. [11]
      Structure-activity and immunochemical data provide evidence of developmental- and tissue-specific myosuppressin signaling. — Dickerson M, McCormick J, Mispelon M, Paisley K, Nichols R Peptides (2012)
    12. [12]
      Age and gender affect likely manometric diagnosis: Audit of a tertiary referral hospital clinical esophageal manometry service. — Andrews JM, Heddle R, Hebbard GS, Checklin H, Besanko L, Fraser RJ Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology (2009)
    13. [13]
      Autonomic innervation of the fish gut. — Olsson C Acta histochemica (2009)
    14. [14]
      Substance P and Neurokinin 1 receptor - expression is affected in the ileum of mice with mutation in the W locus. — Faussone-Pellegrini MS, Vannucchi MG Journal of cellular and molecular medicine (2006)
    15. [15]
      Reefs in experimental gastroenterology--cyclic activities of the gastrointestinal tract. — Zabielski R Journal of physiology and pharmacology : an official journal of the Polish Physiological Society (2004)
    16. [16]
      Neuronal location of 5-hydroxytryptamine3 receptor-like immunoreactivity in the rat colon. — Mazzia C, Hicks GA, Clerc N Neuroscience (2003)
    17. [17]
      The impact of wording in "Dear doctor" letters and in black box labels. — Weatherby LB, Nordstrom BL, Fife D, Walker AM Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics (2002)
    18. [18]
      Download shareware for simulation of Listing's Law for teaching purposes. — Wassill TK, Kowarsch T Strabismus (2000)
    19. [19]
      Experience with a new technique of primary gastrostomy button placement in association with the Nissen fundoplication. — Freeman JK Pediatric surgery international (1998)
    20. [20]
      A new method to measure gastric emptying in conscious dogs: a validity study and effects of EM523 and L-NNA. — Tanaka T, Mizumoto A, Haga N, Itoh Z The American journal of physiology (1997)
    21. [21]
      An assembled electrogastrographic device to examine the meal effect on gastric slow wave. — Chang FY, Lee CT, Lee SD, Jang HC, Tsai DS, Fu SE Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology (1996)
    22. [22]
      The megacystis-microcolon-intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome: report of a case and review of the literature. — Yigit S, Barlas C, Yurdakok M, Onderoglu L, Zafer Y, Saltik I The Turkish journal of pediatrics (1996)
    23. [23]
      Measurement of cyclotorsion. — Spierer A American journal of ophthalmology (1996)
    24. [24]
      Cisapride. — Hubbard PM ANNA journal (1994)
    25. [25]
      Simplified method for the measurement of segmental colonic transit time. — Notghi A, Hutchinson R, Kumar D, Smith NB, Harding LK Gut (1994)
    26. [26]
      Megacystis microcolon intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome: late sequelae and possible pathogenesis. — Srikanth MS, Ford EG, Isaacs H, Mahour GH Journal of pediatric surgery (1993)
    27. [27]
      Comparison of left anterior oblique, anterior and geometric mean methods for determining gastric emptying times. — Ford PV, Kennedy RL, Vogel JM Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine (1992)
    28. [28]
      Gastric emptying of indigestible tablets in relation to composition and time of ingestion of meals studied by metal detector. — Ewe K, Press AG, Bollen S, Schuhn I Digestive diseases and sciences (1991)
    29. [29]
      Neuropeptide Y, peptide YY, and sympathetic control of rectal tone and anal canal pressure in the cat. — Hellström PM, Lundberg JM, Hökfelt T, Goldstein M Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology (1989)
    30. [30]
      Characterization of complementary deoxyribonucleic acid for precursor of porcine motilin. — Bond CT, Nilaver G, Godfrey B, Zimmerman EA, Adelman JP Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.) (1988)
    31. [31]
      Intestinal motility disorders of infants and children: classification, clinical manifestations and roentgenology. — Franken EA, Smith WL, Frey EE, Sato Y, Anuras S Critical reviews in diagnostic imaging (1987)
    32. [32]
      Immunohistochemical demonstration of GABAergic neurons in the enteric nervous system. — Jessen KR, Hills JM, Saffrey MJ The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience (1986)
    33. [33]
      Immunohistochemical demonstration of GABA containing neurons in the guinea pig ileum using purified GABA antiserum. — Saito N, Tanaka C Brain research (1986)
    34. [34]
      Motions of Alexis St. Martin's stomach. — Szurszewski JH Federation proceedings (1985)
    35. [35]
      Physiological variations in canine gastric tone measured by an electronic barostat. — Azpiroz F, Malagelada JR The American journal of physiology (1985)
    36. [36]
      Changes in the organization of actin and myosin in non-muscle cells induced by N-ethylmaleimide. — Karlsson R, Lindberg U Experimental cell research (1985)
    37. [37]
      The regional distribution and the chemical, chromatographic, and immunologic characterization of motilin brain peptides: the evidence for a difference between brain and intestinal motilin-immunoreactive peptides. — Beinfeld MC, Korchak DM The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience (1985)
    38. [38]
      Current techniques in the evaluation of motility disorders. — Bartelsman JF Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology. Supplement (1984)
    39. [39]
      Ultrastructural localization of motilin in endocrine cells of human and dog intestine by the immunogold technique. — Usellini L, Buchan AM, Polak JM, Capella C, Cornaggia M, Solcia E Histochemistry (1984)
    40. [40]
      Duane's retraction syndrome associated with morning glory syndrome. — Kawano K, Fujita S Journal of pediatric ophthalmology and strabismus (1981)
    41. [41]
      Extraocular muscle forces in normal human subjects. — Collins CC, Carlson MR, Scott AB, Jampolsky A Investigative ophthalmology & visual science (1981)
    42. [42]
      Molecular forms of motilin in the mammalian and human gut and human plasma. — Christofides ND, Bryant MG, Ghatei MA, Kishimoto S, Buchan AM, Polak JM et al. Gastroenterology (1981)
    43. [43]
      A model for duodeno-gastric reflux. — Heil T, Mattes P, Kemmer U, Loos W Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology. Supplement (1979)
    44. [44]
      Characteristic motor activity of the gastrointestinal tract in fasted conscious dogs measured by implanted force transducers. — Itoh Z, Takeuchi S, Aizawa I, Takayanagi R The American journal of digestive diseases (1978)
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