Overview
Hypoglycemic shock, often associated with severe hypoglycemia, represents a life-threatening condition characterized by inadequate cellular energy due to low blood glucose levels, leading to altered mental status and potential circulatory collapse 120.Diagnosis
Management
Special Populations
Key Recommendations
References
Showing 100 most recent of 676 indexed papers.
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Clinical Signs of Circulatory Impairment/Shock in Children: A Prospective Observational Study. Indian journal of pediatrics 2026. link 7 Liu Q, Ma X, Li S, Li Z, Mo Z, Lin Y et al.. Effectiveness of a multi-model teaching strategy to train emergency medicine residents to use point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) for assessment of shock. BMC medical education 2025. link 8 Bradshaw JC, Berman DJ, Leon D, Lester L, Warshel M, Nagourney E et al.. RICsy Business: A Tutorial on Rapid Infusion Catheter Placement and Utilization in Emergency Medicine. The Journal of emergency medicine 2025. link 9 Huang Q, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Wu M, Liu J, Chen J et al.. Organ dysfunction induced by hemorrhagic shock: From mechanisms to therapeutic medicines. Pharmacological research 2025. link 10 Lai J, Pan Y, Hu J, Tang Z. Mining and analysis of drug-induced shock adverse reactions: A comprehensive pharmacovigilance study based on the US FAERS database. PloS one 2025. link 11 Saito S, Taniuchi N, Motoda N, Tsunoda K, Sato J, Suzuki T et al.. Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome with Multiple Cerebral Infarctions Caused by Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis: An Autopsy Case Report. Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) 2025. link 12 Azapoglu Kaymak B, Eksioglu M. Rapid Ultrasonography for Shock and Hypotension Protocol Performed using Handheld Ultrasound Devices by Paramedics in a Moving Ambulance: Evaluation of Image Accuracy and Time in Motion. Prehospital and disaster medicine 2025. link 13 Chico S, Connolly S, Hossain J, Levenbrown Y. Accuracy of Point-Of-Care Cardiac Ultrasound Performed on Patients Admitted to a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit in Shock. Journal of clinical ultrasound : JCU 2025. link 14 Wan J, Cao X, Yang Y. Decreased in-hospital mortality in shock patients with rheumatoid arthritis compared to those without: a retrospective analysis of a critical care database. Clinical rheumatology 2025. link 15 Miller A, Wilkinson J, Kasal J. Diagnosis of Shock States. Critical care clinics 2025. link 16 Otsuru W, Nishihara M, Hatakeyama K, Iyonaga T, Fujino T, Sakamoto T et al.. A combination of veno-arteriovenous ECMO and Impella (VAVEcpella) as a rescue strategy for severe streptococcal toxic shock syndrome with cardiopulmonary failure: A case report. Medicine 2025. link 17 Basmaji J, Arntfield R, Desai K, Lau VI, Lewis K, Rochwerg B et al.. The Impact of Point-of-Care Ultrasound-Guided Resuscitation on Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Shock: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Critical care medicine 2024. link 18 Stampfl M, DeBlieux P. A Clinical Review of Vasopressors in Emergency Medicine. The Journal of emergency medicine 2024. link 19 Kikodze N, Nemsadze K. Integration of Intraosseous Approach Method in Georgia. Pediatric emergency care 2024. link 20 Tahri NB, Gravdehaug B, Bahrami N, Reitsma L. A woman in her fifties with a post-operative infection, generalised rash and organ failure. Tidsskrift for den Norske laegeforening : tidsskrift for praktisk medicin, ny raekke 2024. link 21 Rao T, Yang W, Ma X, Jiang X, Jiang S, Xu S. Bergapten attenuates hemorrhagic shock induced multi-organ injury by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis. International immunopharmacology 2024. link 22 Liu A, Shen J, Long L, Shi X, Wen Q, Pan Z. Hepatic portal venous gas initially manifesting as severe shock: a case series. The Journal of international medical research 2024. link 23 Simovic MO, Bynum J, Liu B, Dalle Lucca JJ, Li Y. Impact of Immunopathy and Coagulopathy on Multi-Organ Failure and Mortality in a Lethal Porcine Model of Controlled and Uncontrolled Hemorrhage. International journal of molecular sciences 2024. link 24 Enokiya T, Ozaki K. Developing an AI-based prediction model for anaphylactic shock from injection drugs using Japanese real-world data and chemical structure-based analysis. Daru : journal of Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences 2024. link 25 See EJ, Chaba A, Spano S, Maeda A, Clapham C, Liu J et al.. Exploring the norepinephrine to angiotensin II conversion ratio in patients with vasodilatory hypotension: A post-hoc analysis of the ARAMIS trial. Journal of critical care 2024. link 26 Furukawa S, Inanaga K, Osaki T, Yasuda M, Ohga Y, Ohishi Y et al.. Obstructive Shock Due to a Crushed Left Atrium and Pulmonary Vein by Pulmonary Artery Intimal Sarcoma Successfully Treated with Pulmonary Vein Stenting. Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) 2024. link 27 Baucom MR, Wallen TE, Price AD, Caskey C, Schuster RM, Smith MP et al.. Validation of Preload Assessment Technologies at Altitude in a Porcine Model of Hemorrhage. The Journal of surgical research 2024. link 28 Dubensky A, Ryzhkov I, Tsokolaeva Z, Lapin K, Kalabushev S, Varnakova L et al.. Post-occlusive reactive hyperemia variables can be used to diagnose vascular dysfunction in hemorrhagic shock. Microvascular research 2024. link 29 Kelestemur T, Németh ZH, Pacher P, Beesley J, Robson SC, Eltzschig HK et al.. Adenosine metabolized from extracellular ATP ameliorates organ injury by triggering A. Respiratory research 2023. link 30 Patel NM, Oliveira FRMB, Ramos HP, Aimaretti E, Alves GF, Coldewey SM et al.. Inhibition of Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Activity Attenuates Hemorrhagic Shock-Induced Multiple Organ Dysfunction in Rats. Annals of surgery 2023. link 31 Smith LM, Mentz GB, Engoren MC. Angiotensin II for the Treatment of Refractory Shock: A Matched Analysis. Critical care medicine 2023. link 32 Iwasaki N, Sekino M, Tominaga T, Tanaka T, Araki H, Yano R et al.. Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for group B streptococcal toxic shock syndrome: A case report and literature review. Medicine 2023. link 33 Han L, Tang J, Zhu S, Zhu J. LncRNA SNHG7 Knockdown Aggravates Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury and Promotes Apoptosis in Hemorrhagic Shock Pregnant Rats by Modulating miR-34a-5p/YWHAG Axis. Molecular biotechnology 2023. link 34 Villarreal E, Ramírez P, Gordon M, Vicent C, Gómez MD, de Hevia L et al.. Anti-endotoxin antibodies consumption in cardiovascular collapse: Pathophysiological concerns. Medicina intensiva 2023. link 35 Tavazzi G, Spiegel R, Rola P, Price S, Corradi F, Hockstein M. Multiorgan evaluation of perfusion and congestion using ultrasound in patients with shock. European heart journal. Acute cardiovascular care 2023. link 36 Bartoszko JJ, Elias Z, Rudziak P, Lo CKL, Thabane L, Mertz D et al.. Prognostic factors for streptococcal toxic shock syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ open 2022. link 37 Barrett CD, Theodore S, Dechert T, Burke P, Khoury R, Cap AP et al.. Resuscitation of an exsanguinated obstetrics patient with HBOC-201: A case report. Transfusion 2022. link 38 Patel S, Holden K, Calvin B, DiSilvio B, Dumont T. Shock. Critical care nursing quarterly 2022. link 39 Perizes EN, Chong G, Sanchez-Pinto LN. Derivation and Validation of Vasoactive Inotrope Score Trajectory Groups in Critically Ill Children With Shock. Pediatric critical care medicine : a journal of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies 2022. link 40 Hillinger P, Mayr VD, Luger M, Tauber H, Luckner G, Morgenthaler NG et al.. The course of adrenomedullin and endothelin levels in patients with vasodilatory shock after cardiac surgery compared to patients after uncomplicated elective cardiac surgery. Journal of critical care 2022. link 41 Kelestemur T, Németh ZH, Pacher P, Antonioli L, Haskó G. A 2A ADENOSINE RECEPTORS REGULATE MULTIPLE ORGAN FAILURE AFTER HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK IN MICE. Shock (Augusta, Ga.) 2022. link 42 Courçon M, Badiou C, Louwagie M, Etievant S, Jaquinod M, Lina G et al.. Targeted Proteomics Analysis of Staphylococcal Superantigenic Toxins in Menstrual Fluid from Women with Menstrual Toxic Shock Syndrome (mTSS). Toxins 2022. link 43 Huang Q, Gao S, Yao Y, Wang Y, Li J, Chen J et al.. Innate immunity and immunotherapy for hemorrhagic shock. Frontiers in immunology 2022. link 44 Xu L, Li L, Zu J, Huang X, Tian L, Sun Y et al.. Effects of Different Types of Early Restrictive Fluid Resuscitation on Immune Function and Multiorgan Damage on Hemorrhagic Shock Rat Model in a Hypothermic Environment. Computational and mathematical methods in medicine 2022. link 45 Ma M, Ho A, Joosten A, Rinehart J. In-silico analysis of closed-loop vasopressor control of phenylephrine versus norepinephrine. Journal of clinical monitoring and computing 2022. link 46 Alam A, Sovic W, Gill J, Ragula N, Salem M, Hughes GJ et al.. Angiotensin II: A Review of Current Literature. Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia 2022. link 47 Ritter LA, Maldarelli M, McCurdy MT, Yamane DP, Davison D, Parrino C et al.. Effects of a single bolus of hydroxocobalamin on hemodynamics in vasodilatory shock. Journal of critical care 2022. link 48 Zaaqoq AM, Pottash M, Ahlstrom E, Brodie D. Postcardiotomy Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: Narrative Review Navigating the Ethical Issues. Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia 2022. link 49 Suzuki T, Matsuo T, Kijima Y, Hasegawa R, Ishikawa K, Yamanaka M et al.. Acute heart failure associated with toxic shock syndrome due to methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus during the postpartum period: case report and systematic literature review. BMC cardiovascular disorders 2022. link 50 Katsuki S, Miyamoto K, Yamaga H, Maeda A, Takayasu H, Yagi M et al.. Obstructive shock due to right ventricular compression by a massively expanded reconstructed gastric tube. The American journal of emergency medicine 2022. link 51 Brown KN, Castleberry A, Velagapudi P. Insertion, Maintenance, and Removal of the Percutaneous Dual Lumen Cannula Right Ventricular Assist Device. Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE 2022. link 52 Jiang S, Wu M, Lu X, Zhong Y, Kang X, Song Y et al.. Is restrictive fluid resuscitation beneficial not only for hemorrhagic shock but also for septic shock?: A meta-analysis. Medicine 2021. link 53 Heavner MS, McCurdy MT, Mazzeffi MA, Galvagno SM, Tanaka KA, Chow JH. Angiotensin II and Vasopressin for Vasodilatory Shock: A Critical Appraisal of Catecholamine-Sparing Strategies. Journal of intensive care medicine 2021. link 54 Ortoleva J, Roberts RJ, Devine LT, French A, Kawabori M, Chen F et al.. Methylene Blue for Vasoplegia During Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Support. Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia 2021. link 55 Budniok T, ElSayed Y, Louis D. Effect of Vasopressin on Systemic and Pulmonary Hemodynamics in Neonates. American journal of perinatology 2021. link 56 Wu TW, Noori S. Recognition and management of neonatal hemodynamic compromise. Pediatrics and neonatology 2021. link 57 Wasicek PJ, Teeter WA, Yang S, Hu P, Gamble WB, Galvagno SM et al.. Arterial waveform morphomics during hemorrhagic shock. European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society 2021. link 58 Leroux P, Javaudin F, Le Bastard Q, Lebret Y, Pes P, Arnaudet I et al.. Goal-directed ultrasound protocol in patients with nontraumatic undifferentiated shock in the emergency department: prospective dual centre study. European journal of emergency medicine : official journal of the European Society for Emergency Medicine 2021. link 59 Cardinale M, Cungi PJ, Esnault P, Nguyen C, Cotte J, Montcriol A et al.. Impact of high-dose norepinephrine during intra-hospital damage control resuscitation of traumatic haemorrhagic shock: A propensity-score analysis. Injury 2020. link 60 Fang J, Xu M, Liu B, Wang B, Ren H, Yang H et al.. Effect of sub-hypothermia blood purification technique in cardiac shock after valvular disease surgery. Medicine 2020. link 61 Hashiyama T, Mori N, Fukushima Y, Takahashi T. Non-Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infection and Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome Caused by a Novel Streptococcus pyogenes Subtype (emm76.10). Japanese journal of infectious diseases 2020. link 62 Kloner RA, Shi J, Dai W, Carreno J, Zhao L. Remote Ischemic Conditioning in Acute Myocardial Infarction and Shock States. Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology and therapeutics 2020. link 63 Tian DH, Smyth C, Keijzers G, Macdonald SP, Peake S, Udy A et al.. Safety of peripheral administration of vasopressor medications: A systematic review. Emergency medicine Australasia : EMA 2020. link 64 Goldstein JA, Hanson I. Impella RP for treatment of right ventricular shock: Appropriate unloading never gets old. Catheterization and cardiovascular interventions : official journal of the Society for Cardiac Angiography & Interventions 2020. link 65 Medlej K. Calculated decisions: Shock index. Emergency medicine practice 2019. link 66 Ghazali DA, Fournier E, Breque C, Ragot SP, Oriot D. Immersive simulation training at 6-week intervals for 1 year and multidisciplinary team performance scores: a randomized controlled trial of simulation training for life-threatening pediatric emergencies. Emergencias : revista de la Sociedad Espanola de Medicina de Emergencias 2019. link 67 Hallisey SD, Greenwood JC. Beyond Mean Arterial Pressure and Lactate: Perfusion End Points for Managing the Shocked Patient. Emergency medicine clinics of North America 2019. link 68 Dargère M, Langlais ML, Gangloff C, Léostic C, Le Niger C, Ozier Y. Implementation and evaluation of a major haemorrhage protocol in the Emergency Department Resuscitation Area in the University-affiliated Hospital of Brest (France). Transfusion clinique et biologique : journal de la Societe francaise de transfusion sanguine 2019. link 69 Rodríguez-Muñoz L, García-Galván Ó, González-Soto MÁ, Echániz-Avilés G, Solórzano-Santos F. Toxic shock syndrome caused by Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis in a Mexican preschool patient. Boletin medico del Hospital Infantil de Mexico 2019. link 70 Buckley MS, Barletta JF, Smithburger PL, Radosevich JJ, Kane-Gill SL. Catecholamine Vasopressor Support Sparing Strategies in Vasodilatory Shock. Pharmacotherapy 2019. link 71 Suresh MR, Chung KK, Schiller AM, Holley AB, Howard JT, Convertino VA. Unmasking the Hypovolemic Shock Continuum: The Compensatory Reserve. Journal of intensive care medicine 2019. link 72 Li Z, Li J, Zhang S, Chen G, Chi S, Li X et al.. Metabolomics analysis of gut barrier dysfunction in a trauma-hemorrhagic shock rat model. Bioscience reports 2019. link 73 Cagliani J, Yang WL, McGinn JT, Wang Z, Wang P. Anti-interferon-α receptor 1 antibodies attenuate inflammation and organ injury following hemorrhagic shock. The journal of trauma and acute care surgery 2019. link 74 Hagiya H, Nakagami F, Minami Y, Terada H. Pustules on the back possibly triggering toxic-shock syndrome. BMJ case reports 2019. link 75 Napp LC, Ziegeler S, Kindgen-Milles D. Rationale of Hemoadsorption during Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Support. Blood purification 2019. link 76 Langgartner D, Wachter U, Hartmann C, Gröger M, Vogt J, Merz T et al.. Effects of Psychosocial Stress on Subsequent Hemorrhagic Shock and Resuscitation in Male Mice. Shock (Augusta, Ga.) 2019. link 77 Kawaguchi K, Mori N, Ejima T, Yamada Y, Takahashi T. Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome following group A streptococcal vulvovaginitis in a breastfeeding woman. Journal of infection and chemotherapy : official journal of the Japan Society of Chemotherapy 2019. link 78 Lui C, Whitman G. Cardiac Intensive Care Units: What Should Be the Standard of Care?. Seminars in thoracic and cardiovascular surgery 2019. link 79 Clendenen N, Nunns GR, Moore EE, Gonzalez E, Chapman M, Reisz JA et al.. Selective organ ischaemia/reperfusion identifies liver as the key driver of the post-injury plasma metabolome derangements. Blood transfusion = Trasfusione del sangue 2019. link 80 McIntyre WF, Um KJ, Alhazzani W, Lengyel AP, Hajjar L, Gordon AC et al.. Association of Vasopressin Plus Catecholamine Vasopressors vs Catecholamines Alone With Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With Distributive Shock: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA 2018. link 81 Mendelson J. Emergency Department Management of Pediatric Shock. Emergency medicine clinics of North America 2018. link 82 Houston KA, George EC, Maitland K. Implications for paediatric shock management in resource-limited settings: a perspective from the FEAST trial. Critical care (London, England) 2018. link 83 Martel MJ. No. 115-Hemorrhagic Shock. Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology Canada : JOGC = Journal d'obstetrique et gynecologie du Canada : JOGC 2018. link 84 Møller MH, Granholm A, Junttila E, Haney M, Oscarsson-Tibblin A, Haavind A et al.. Scandinavian SSAI clinical practice guideline on choice of inotropic agent for patients with acute circulatory failure. Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 2018. link 85 Matsumura Y, Matsumoto J, Kondo H, Idoguchi K, Ishida T, Okada Y et al.. Early arterial access for resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta is related to survival outcome in trauma. The journal of trauma and acute care surgery 2018. link 86 Ranjbaran M, Kadkhodaee M, Seifi B, Mirzaei R, Ahghari P. Resuscitative therapy with erythropoietin reduces oxidative stress and inflammatory responses of vital organs in a rat severe fixed-volume hemorrhagic shock model. General physiology and biophysics 2018. link 87 Yamada N, Martin LB, Zechendorf E, Purvis GSD, Chiazza F, Varrone B et al.. Novel Synthetic, Host-defense Peptide Protects Against Organ Injury/Dysfunction in a Rat Model of Severe Hemorrhagic Shock. Annals of surgery 2018. link 88 Zhu R, Ma XC. Role of metabolic changes of mucosal layer in the intestinal barrier dysfunction following trauma/hemorrhagic shock. Pathology, research and practice 2018. link 89 Zhao J, Sun Z, You G, Wang Y, Chen G, Zhao L et al.. Transfusion of cryopreserved platelets exacerbates inflammatory liver and lung injury in a mice model of hemorrhage. The journal of trauma and acute care surgery 2018. link 90 Rao G, Houson H, Nkepang G, Yari H, Teng C, Awasthi V. Induction of gut proteasome activity in hemorrhagic shock and its recovery by treatment with diphenyldihaloketones CLEFMA and EF24. American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology 2018. link 91 Lamontagne F, Day AG, Meade MO, Cook DJ, Guyatt GH, Hylands M et al.. Pooled analysis of higher versus lower blood pressure targets for vasopressor therapy septic and vasodilatory shock. Intensive care medicine 2018. link 92 Koko KR, McCauley BD, Gaughan JP, Fromer MW, Nolan RS, Hagaman AL et al.. Spectral analysis of heart rate variability predicts mortality and instability from vascular injury. The Journal of surgical research 2018. link 93 Tafoya CA, Tafoya MJ, Osei-Ampofo M, Oteng RA, Becker TK. Sustainable Resuscitation Ultrasound Education in a Low-Resource Environment: The Kumasi Experience. The Journal of emergency medicine 2017. link 94 Ragot C, Gerbaud E, Boyer A. Terlipressin in refractory shock induced by diltiazem poisoning. The American journal of emergency medicine 2017. link 95 Sordi R, Nandra KK, Chiazza F, Johnson FL, Cabrera CP, Torrance HD et al.. Artesunate Protects Against the Organ Injury and Dysfunction Induced by Severe Hemorrhage and Resuscitation. Annals of surgery 2017. link 96 Yang L, Dong X. Inhibition of Inflammatory Response by Crocin Attenuates Hemorrhagic Shock-Induced Organ Damages in Rats. Journal of interferon & cytokine research : the official journal of the International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research 2017. link 97 Qian C, Ren Y, Xia Y. Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate attenuates hemorrhagic shock-induced organ damages by nuclear factor-kappa B pathway. The Journal of surgical research 2017. link 98 Müller T, Kirsch M, Petrat F. Attenuation of Multiple Organ Damage by Continuous Low-Dose Solvent-Free Infusions of Resveratrol after Severe Hemorrhagic Shock in Rats. Nutrients 2017. link 99 Black GE, Sokol KK, Moe DM, Simmons JD, Muscat D, Pastukh V et al.. Impact of a novel phosphoinositol-3 kinase inhibitor in preventing mitochondrial DNA damage and damage-associated molecular pattern accumulation: Results from the Biochronicity Project. The journal of trauma and acute care surgery 2017. link 100 Qin Q, Xia Y, Cao Y. Clinical study of a new Modified Early Warning System scoring system for rapidly evaluating shock in adults. Journal of critical care 2017. link