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Cardiology793 papers

Glomerulonephritis

Last edited: 27 days ago

Overview

Glomerulonephritis (GN) encompasses a spectrum of kidney disorders characterized by glomerular inflammation and damage, leading to symptoms such as proteinuria, hematuria, and renal dysfunction. 4 20

Diagnosis

Clinical Presentation: Nephrotic syndrome, hematuria, hypertension, and renal failure.

Laboratory Tests: Urine protein/creatinine ratio (uPCR) is practical for monitoring proteinuria compared to 24-hour urine protein. 2

Imaging: Not typically required but may help assess renal size and structure.

Biopsy: Essential for definitive diagnosis, grading, and classification (e.g., crescentic, membranous, ANCA-associated). 7 27

Serological Tests: ANCA, anti-GBM antibodies, cryofibrinogen, and other specific markers depending on suspected etiology. 3 19 21

Histopathological Classification: Important for prognosis and guiding treatment (e.g., EUVAS classification for ANCA-associated GN). 9 29

Management

First-Line Treatments:

- Immunosuppressive Therapy: Corticosteroids, cyclophosphamide, rituximab for severe cases like ANCA-associated GN. 24 6 21 - Plasma Exchange: Considered in severe cases with rapidly progressive GN. 10

Adjunctive Treatments:

- Infection Control: Cotrimoxazole for preventing infections in rituximab-treated patients. 6 - Blood Pressure Control: ACE inhibitors or ARBs to reduce proteinuria and protect renal function. 20 - Lipid Management: Statins to manage hyperlipidemia common in chronic GN.

Specific Drug Classes/Doses:

- Rituximab: Doses vary but typically involve cycles of 375 mg/m2 weekly for 4 weeks. 24 - Cyclophosphamide: Often used at doses of 0.5-1 g/m2 intravenously every 2-3 weeks. 21

Special Populations

Pediatrics: Crescentic GN in children requires prompt management; outcomes can be poor without timely intervention. 5

Elderly: ANCA-associated GN in the elderly may have distinct clinical features and outcomes; tailored immunosuppressive strategies are crucial. 55

Comorbidities: Presence of comorbidities like infective endocarditis complicates management; integrated care addressing both conditions is essential. 3 19

Key Recommendations

Biopsy for Definitive Diagnosis and Classification: Essential for guiding treatment in GN. (Evidence: Strong 7 27)

Use of uPCR for Monitoring Proteinuria: More practical than 24-hour urine protein collection. (Evidence: Moderate 2)

Immunosuppressive Therapy for Severe Cases: Corticosteroids and rituximab are effective in ANCA-associated GN. (Evidence: Strong 24 21)

Control of Blood Pressure with ACE Inhibitors/ARBs: To reduce proteinuria and protect renal function. (Evidence: Moderate 20)

Consider Plasma Exchange in Rapidly Progressive GN: For severe cases with poor prognosis. (Evidence: Moderate 10)

References

Showing 100 most recent of 410 indexed papers.

1 Ochiai S, Minakawa A, Hisanaga S, Kikuchi M, Kaikita K, Fujimoto S. Renal-Limited Cryofibrinogen-Associated Glomerulonephritis Diagnosed Using Electron Microscopy. Nephrology (Carlton, Vic.) 2026. link 2 Fan S, Liu J, Chen B, Yao J, Zhou Q. Comparison of urine protein/creatinine ratio with 24-hour urine protein in ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis. Clinical rheumatology 2026. link 3 Sayad R, Elsaeidy AS, Mokresh ME, Shawqi MM, Mohammed YA, Hawash EA et al.. Immunosuppressant Use in Infective Endocarditis-Associated Glomerulonephritis: A Systematic Review. Clinical drug investigation 2025. link 4 Palma RH, Soares RGL, Meinerz G, Keitel E. Current epidemiological overview of glomerulonephritis in Latin America: a systematic literature review. Journal of nephrology 2025. link 5 Meena J, Nangla P, Ojha S, Sinha A, Hari P, Bagga A. Etiology, clinical profile, and outcomes of crescentic glomerulonephritis in children: a systematic review. Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) 2025. link 6 Chen Y, Zha Y, Hu A, Yu X, Ma B, Han J et al.. Cotrimoxazole for infection prevention in glomerulonephritis treated with rituximab: a randomized controlled trial. BMC medicine 2025. link 7 Zununi Vahed S, Hosseiniyan Khatibi SM, Ardalan M. Canonical effects of cytokines on glomerulonephritis: A new outlook in nephrology. Medicinal research reviews 2025. link 8 Gigante A, Pellicano C, Gallicchio C, Melena M, Fiorino M, Rosato E et al.. Serum Uric Acid/Serum Creatinine Ratio and Chronic Vascular Lesions on Renal Biopsy: A Retrospective Observational Study. High blood pressure & cardiovascular prevention : the official journal of the Italian Society of Hypertension 2025. link 9 Bate S, McGovern D, Costigliolo F, Tan PG, Kratky V, Scott J et al.. The Improved Kidney Risk Score in ANCA-Associated Vasculitis for Clinical Practice and Trials. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN 2024. link 10 Mohamed ON, Ibrahim SA, Saleh RK, Issa AS, Setouhi A, Rabou AAA et al.. Clinicopathological characteristics and predictors of outcome of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis: a retrospective study. BMC nephrology 2024. link 11 Campos MAG, Valois TO, Magalhães LE, Vasques LF, de Medeiros RG, Costa DMDN et al.. ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis and lupus nephritis following COVID-19 vaccination: a case report and literature review. Frontiers in immunology 2023. link 12 Locatelli L, Calatroni M, Reggiani F, Bonelli GD, Gerosa M, Argolini LM et al.. Long-term kidney outcome of patients with rheumatological diseases and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-glomerulonephritis: comparison with a primitive ANCA-glomerulonephritis cohort. Clinical and experimental rheumatology 2023. link 13 Aydın MF, Yıldız A, Oruç A, Aytaç Vuruşkan B, Akgür S, Ayar Y et al.. Modified histopathological classification with age-related glomerulosclerosis for predicting kidney survival in ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis. International urology and nephrology 2023. link 14 Nester C, Appel GB, Bomback AS, Bouman KP, Cook HT, Daina E et al.. Clinical Outcomes of Patients with C3G or IC-MPGN Treated with the Factor D Inhibitor Danicopan: Final Results from Two Phase 2 Studies. American journal of nephrology 2022. link 15 Orlando C, Milani GP, Simonetti GD, Goeggel Simonetti B, Lava SAG, Wyttenbach R et al.. Posterior reversible leukoencephalopathy syndrome associated with acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis: systematic review. Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) 2022. link 16 Kaneko S, Yamagata K, Usui J, Tsuboi N, Sugiyama H, Maruyama S et al.. Epidemiology and temporal changes in the prognosis of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis in Japan: a nationwide 1989-2015 survey. Clinical and experimental nephrology 2022. link 17 Kant S, Arend LJ, Gapud E, Seo P, Geetha D. Characterization of interstitial infiltrates in MPO and PR3 anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody glomerulonephritis. Journal of nephrology 2022. link 18 Clerte M, Philip R, Levi C, Cornec-Le Gall E, Audard V, Huart A et al.. Renal and overall outcomes of double-positive (ANCA and anti-GBM antibodies) patients compared to ANCA-associated vasculitis patients with severe renal involvement: A multicenter retrospective study with systematic renal pathology analysis. Scandinavian journal of rheumatology 2022. link 19 Chiba Y, Takahashi K, Makino R, Yoshida M, Oe Y, Nagasawa T et al.. Glomerulonephritis Associated with Infective Endocarditis Showing Serological Positivity for PR3-anti-neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody and Anti-glomerular Basement Membrane Antibody. Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) 2022. link 20 Rovin BH, Adler SG, Barratt J, Bridoux F, Burdge KA, Chan TM et al.. Executive summary of the KDIGO 2021 Guideline for the Management of Glomerular Diseases. Kidney international 2021. link 21 You X, Zhang J, Ding X, Zhang J, Zhou Q, Lu G. Predictors of renal outcomes in crescentic and mixed class of ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis. Clinical nephrology 2021. link 22 Zimmermann M, Klaus M, Wong MN, Thebille AK, Gernhold L, Kuppe C et al.. Deep learning-based molecular morphometrics for kidney biopsies. JCI insight 2021. link 23 Ge Y, Yang G, Yu X, Sun B, Zhang B, Yuan Y et al.. Outcome Predictors of Biopsy-Proven Myeloperoxidase-Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Glomerulonephritis. Frontiers in immunology 2020. link 24 Santos JE, Fiel D, Santos R, Vicente R, Aguiar R, Santos I et al.. Rituximab use in adult glomerulopathies and its rationale. Jornal brasileiro de nefrologia 2020. link 25 Andeen NK. Elevated serum concentrations of DNAJB9 in fibrillary glomerulonephritis: another step toward understanding a progressive disease. Kidney international 2019. link 26 Singhania G, Singhania N. Do we care if you have a cat? Bartonella infection related glomerulonephritis with no endocarditis. Le infezioni in medicina 2019. link 27 Sethi S, Fervenza FC. Standardized classification and reporting of glomerulonephritis. Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association 2019. link 28 Sołtysiak J, Zachwieja J, Benedyk A, Lewandowska-Stachowiak M, Nowicki M, Ostalska-Nowicka D. Circulating suPAR as a biomarker of disease severity in children with proteinuric glomerulonephritis. Minerva pediatrica 2019. link 29 Yamagata K, Usui J, Nagata M, Sugiyama H, Sada KE, Muso E et al.. Histopathological classification of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated glomerulonephritis in a nationwide Japanese prospective 2-year follow-up cohort study. Clinical and experimental nephrology 2019. link 30 Starzyńska-Kubicka A, Perkowska-Ptasińska A, Górnicka B. Membranous glomerulonephritis - a common, unspecific pattern of glomerular injury. Polish journal of pathology : official journal of the Polish Society of Pathologists 2018. link 31 Chiu HF, Chen HC, Lu KC, Shu KH. Distribution of glomerular diseases in Taiwan: preliminary report of National Renal Biopsy Registry-publication on behalf of Taiwan Society of Nephrology. BMC nephrology 2018. link 32 Mariani LH, Martini S, Barisoni L, Canetta PA, Troost JP, Hodgin JB et al.. Interstitial fibrosis scored on whole-slide digital imaging of kidney biopsies is a predictor of outcome in proteinuric glomerulopathies. Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association 2018. link 33 de Fijter JW. Recurrence of glomerulonephritis: an underestimated and unmet medical need. Kidney international 2017. link 34 Guinault D, Ribes D, Delas A, Milongo D, Abravanel F, Puissant-Lubrano B et al.. Hepatitis E Virus-Induced Cryoglobulinemic Glomerulonephritis in a Nonimmunocompromised Person. American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation 2016. link 35 McAdoo SP, Tanna A, Randone O, Tam FW, Tarzi RM, Levy JB et al.. Necrotizing and crescentic glomerulonephritis presenting with preserved renal function in patients with underlying multisystem autoimmune disease: a retrospective case series. Rheumatology (Oxford, England) 2015. link 36 Zhao L, David MZ, Hyjek E, Chang A, Meehan SM. M2 macrophage infiltrates in the early stages of ANCA-associated pauci-immune necrotizing GN. Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN 2015. link 37 Ueno K, Shimizu M, Yokoyama T, Ishikawa S, Tasaki Y, Inoue N et al.. Urinary neopterin: an immune activation marker in mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis. Clinical and experimental nephrology 2015. link 38 Maixnerova D, Jancova E, Skibova J, Rysava R, Rychlik I, Viklicky O et al.. Nationwide biopsy survey of renal diseases in the Czech Republic during the years 1994-2011. Journal of nephrology 2015. link 39 Hoppe JM, Vielhauer V. Induction and analysis of nephrotoxic serum nephritis in mice. Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) 2014. link 40 Fervenza FC, Perazella MA, Choi MJ. American Society of Nephrology quiz and questionnaire 2013: glomerulonephritis. Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN 2014. link 41 Cybulsky AV, Walsh M, Knoll G, Hladunewich M, Bargman J, Reich H et al.. Canadian Society of Nephrology Commentary on the 2012 KDIGO clinical practice guideline for glomerulonephritis: management of glomerulonephritis in adults. American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation 2014. link 42 Khalighi MA, Nguyen S, Wiedeman JA, Palma Diaz MF. Bartonella endocarditis-associated glomerulonephritis: a case report and review of the literature. American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation 2014. link 43 Geetha D, Poulton CJ, Hu Y, Seo P, McGregor JA, Falk RJ et al.. Clinical characteristics and outcome of pauci-immune glomerulonephritis in African Americans. Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism 2014. link 44 Fervenza FC, Glassock RJ, Bleyer AJ. American Society of Nephrology Quiz and Questionnaire 2012: glomerulonephritis. Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN 2013. link 45 Sinha A, Puri K, Hari P, Dinda AK, Bagga A. Etiology and outcome of crescentic glomerulonephritis. Indian pediatrics 2013. link 46 Unlu M, Kiremitci S, Ensari A, Ozluk Y, Kilicaslan I, Ozdemir BH et al.. Pauci-immune necrotizing crescentic glomerulonephritis with crescentic and full moon extracapillary proliferation: clinico-pathologic correlation and follow-up study. Pathology, research and practice 2013. link 47 Hilhorst M, Wilde B, van Paassen P, Winkens B, van Breda Vriesman P, Cohen Tervaert JW. Improved outcome in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated glomerulonephritis: a 30-year follow-up study. Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association 2013. link 48 Habara P, Marečková H, Malíčková K, Potyšová Z, Hrušková Z, Zima T et al.. Novel flow cytometric method for the detection of podocalyxin-positive elements in urine of patients with glomerulonephritides - first promising results. Folia biologica 2012. link 49 Sarafidis PA, Georgianos PI, Germanidis G, Giavroglou C, Nikolaidis P, Lasaridis AN et al.. Hypertension and symptomatic hypokalemia in a patient with simultaneous unilateral stenoses of intrarenal arteries and mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis. American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation 2012. link 50 Khanna R. Clinical presentation & management of glomerular diseases: hematuria, nephritic & nephrotic syndrome. Missouri medicine 2011. link 51 Unanue ER. Starting in immunology by way of immunopathology. Annual review of pathology 2011. link 52 Hughson MD, Hoy WE, Douglas-Denton RN, Zimanyi MA, Bertram JF. Towards a definition of glomerulomegaly: clinical-pathological and methodological considerations. Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association 2011. link 53 Doyon A, Schaefer F. Taking the pulse of a sick kidney: arterial stiffness in glomerulonephritis. Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) 2011. link 54 Yu MC, Yu MS, Yu MK, Lee F, Huang WH. Acute reversible changes of brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity in children with acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis. Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) 2011. link 55 Bomback AS, Appel GB, Radhakrishnan J, Shirazian S, Herlitz LC, Stokes B et al.. ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis in the very elderly. Kidney international 2011. link 56 Abeygunasekara SC, Peat D, Ross CN. Endocapillary glomerulonephritis secondary to human parvovirus B19 presenting with nephrotic syndrome: a report of two cases and a review of the literature. Renal failure 2010. link 57 Hidalgo P, Jiménez T, Blanca L, Cobelo C, Burgos D, Garcia I et al.. Recovery of native renal function after kidney transplantation. Transplantation proceedings 2010. link 58 Day CJ, Howie AJ, Nightingale P, Shabir S, Adu D, Savage CO et al.. Prediction of ESRD in pauci-immune necrotizing glomerulonephritis: quantitative histomorphometric assessment and serum creatinine. American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation 2010. link 59 Chishiki M, Kawasaki Y, Kaneko M, Ushijima Y, Ohara S, Abe Y et al.. A 10-year-old girl with IgA nephropathy who 5 years later developed the characteristic features of Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis. Fukushima journal of medical science 2010. link 60 Nelson PJ, Bruggeman LA. Collapsing glomerulopathy: beyond serendipity in mouse genetics. Kidney international 2009. link 61 Smogorzewski MJ, Lao M, Gradowska L, Rowińska D, Rancewicz Z. Immunosuppressive therapy in glomerular diseases: major accomplishment of Tadeusz Orłowski and his school. Polskie Archiwum Medycyny Wewnetrznej 2009. link 62 Nakayama A, Sakatsume M, Kasama T, Kawara T, Gejyo F, Isobe M et al.. Molecular heterogeneity of urinary albumin in glomerulonephritis: comparison of cardiovascular disease with albuminuria. Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry 2009. link 63 Singh GR. Glomerulonephritis and managing the risks of chronic renal disease. Pediatric clinics of North America 2009. link 64 Togawa H, Nakanishi K, Shima Y, Obana M, Sako M, Nozu K et al.. Increased chymase-positive mast cells in children with crescentic glomerulonephritis. Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) 2009. link 65 Mălăescu DG, Motocu M, Streba LA, Bold A, Vere CC. Glomerulopathies in locked-up persons. Histopathologic and clinic study. Romanian journal of morphology and embryology = Revue roumaine de morphologie et embryologie 2008. link 66 Mălăescu DG, Motocu M, Streba LA, Bold A. Histopathologic and immunohistochemical aspects of the renal parenchyma in patients with glomerulonephritis developed in locked-up spaces. Romanian journal of morphology and embryology = Revue roumaine de morphologie et embryologie 2008. link 67 Westerweel PE, den Ouden K, Nguyen TQ, Goldschmeding R, Joles JA, Verhaar MC. Amelioration of anti-Thy1-glomerulonephritis by PPAR-gamma agonism without increase of endothelial progenitor cell homing. American journal of physiology. Renal physiology 2008. link 68 Kazderova M, Jancova E, Rysava R, Merta M, Tesar V. Mycophenolate mofetil in low doses stabilizes and improves antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis and lupus nephritis. Archives of medical research 2008. link 69 Polzer K, Soleiman A, Baum W, Axmann R, Distler J, Redlich K et al.. Selective p38MAPK isoform expression and activation in antineutrophil cytoplasmatic antibody-associated crescentic glomerulonephritis: role of p38MAPKalpha. Annals of the rheumatic diseases 2008. link 70 Giorgini A, Brown HJ, Lock HR, Nimmerjahn F, Ravetch JV, Verbeek JS et al.. Fc gamma RIII and Fc gamma RIV are indispensable for acute glomerular inflammation induced by switch variant monoclonal antibodies. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 2008. link 71 Bleyen I, Bartels MC, Wolfs RC. Newborn with bilateral hazy corneas. Bulletin de la Societe belge d'ophtalmologie 2007. link 72 Lee LC, Lam KK, Lee CT, Chen JB, Tsai TH, Huang SC. "Full house" proliferative glomerulonephritis: an unreported presentation of subacute infective endocarditis. Journal of nephrology 2007. link 73 Kirkpantur A, Altinbas A, Arici M, Baydar DE, Altun B, Arslan S. Enterococcal endocarditis associated with crescentic glomerulonephritis. Clinical and experimental nephrology 2007. link 74 Fux CA, Bianchetti MG, Jakob SM, Remonda L. Reversible encephalopathy complicating post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. The Pediatric infectious disease journal 2006. link 75 Casquero A, Ramos A, Barat A, Mampaso F, Caramelo C, Egido J et al.. Recurrent acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis. Clinical nephrology 2006. link 76 Boudville N, Walton J, House AA. Necrotising, proliferative glomerulonephritis due to monoclonal cryoglobulinaemia. Journal of nephrology 2006. link 77 Onguru P, Dede F, Bodur H, Ayli D, Akinci E, Cevik MA et al.. Glomerulonephritis associating parvovirus B19 infection. Renal failure 2006. link 78 Vannevel JY. Glomerulonephritis and anasarca in a colony of frogs. The veterinary clinics of North America. Exotic animal practice 2006. link 79 Alexopoulos E, Gionanlis L, Papayianni E, Kokolina E, Leontsini M, Memmos D. Predictors of outcome in idiopathic rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (IRPGN). BMC nephrology 2006. link 80 Kishimoto N, Mori Y, Yamahara H, Kijima Y, Nose A, Uchiyama-Tanaka Y et al.. Cytoplasmic antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody positive pauci-immune glomerulonephritis associated with infectious endocarditis. Clinical nephrology 2006. link 81 Bird S. Failure to diagnose: renal disease. Australian family physician 2005. link 82 Isbel NM. Glomerulonephritis--management in general practice. Australian family physician 2005. link 83 Trendelenburg M, Fossati-Jimack L, Cortes-Hernandez J, Turnberg D, Lewis M, Izui S et al.. The role of complement in cryoglobulin-induced immune complex glomerulonephritis. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 2005. link 84 Williams JM. Potential immunosuppressive therapeutics to target small vessel vasculitis of the kidney. Current opinion in investigational drugs (London, England : 2000) 2005. link 85 Soler MJ, Mir M, Rodriguez E, Orfila A, Munne A, Vázquez S et al.. Recurrence of IgA nephropathy and Henoch-Schönlein purpura after kidney transplantation: risk factors and graft survival. Transplantation proceedings 2005. link 86 Kersnik Levart T, Kenda RB, Avgustin Cavić M, Ferluga D, Hvala A, Vizjak A. C1Q nephropathy in children. Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) 2005. link 87 Yamabe H, Nakamura N, Nakamura M, Shimada M, Kumasaka R, Fujita T et al.. Hepatitis C virus-associated glomerulonephritis without hepatitis C virus in the blood. American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation 2005. link 88 Ferrario F, Rastaldi MP. Histopathological atlas of renal diseases: Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. Journal of nephrology 2004. link 89 Ferrario F, Rastaldi MP. Histopathological atlas of renal diseases: membranous glomerulonephritis. Journal of nephrology 2004. link 90 Deman A, Vanden Houte K, Verbeelen D. Diabetes delaying the diagnosis of RPGN. Clinical nephrology 2004. link 91 Orbach H, Tishler M, Shoenfeld Y. Intravenous immunoglobulin and the kidney--a two-edged sword. Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism 2004. link 92 Couzi L, Morel D, Deminière C, Merville P. An unusual endocarditis-induced crescentic glomerulonephritis treated by plasmapheresis. Clinical nephrology 2004. link 93 Dass R, Singh S, Kumar V, Vaiphei K, Agrawal S, Saeed T et al.. Varicella glomerulonephritis mimicking microscopic polyangiitis. Rheumatology international 2004. link 94 Naicker S. Secondary glomerulonephritides. Ethnicity & disease 2003. link 95 Guerra G, Narayan G, Rennke HG, Jaber BL. Crescentic fibrillary glomerulonephritis associated with hepatitis C viral infection. Clinical nephrology 2003. link 96 George CR. The cellular history of the glomerulus. Journal of nephrology 2003. link 97 Ahuja TS. Doxycycline decreases proteinuria in glomerulonephritis. American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation 2003. link00662-0) 98 Frascà GM, Soverini ML, Falaschini A, Tampieri E, Vangelista A, Stefoni S. Plasma exchange treatment improves prognosis of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated crescentic glomerulonephritis: a case-control study in 26 patients from a single center. Therapeutic apheresis and dialysis : official peer-reviewed journal of the International Society for Apheresis, the Japanese Society for Apheresis, the Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy 2003. link 99 Opastirakul S, Chartapisak W. Transient hyperkalemia and hypoaldosteronism in a patient with acute glomerulonephritis. Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand = Chotmaihet thangphaet 2002. link 100 Sakarcan A, Neuberg RW, McRedmond KP, Islek I. Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis develops in a child with autologous stem cell transplant. American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation 2002. link

Original source

[1]
Renal-Limited Cryofibrinogen-Associated Glomerulonephritis Diagnosed Using Electron Microscopy. — Ochiai S, Minakawa A, Hisanaga S, Kikuchi M, Kaikita K, Fujimoto S Nephrology (Carlton, Vic.) (2026)
[2]
Comparison of urine protein/creatinine ratio with 24-hour urine protein in ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis. — Fan S, Liu J, Chen B, Yao J, Zhou Q Clinical rheumatology (2026)
[3]
Immunosuppressant Use in Infective Endocarditis-Associated Glomerulonephritis: A Systematic Review. — Sayad R, Elsaeidy AS, Mokresh ME, Shawqi MM, Mohammed YA, Hawash EA et al. Clinical drug investigation (2025)
[4]
Current epidemiological overview of glomerulonephritis in Latin America: a systematic literature review. — Palma RH, Soares RGL, Meinerz G, Keitel E Journal of nephrology (2025)
[5]
Etiology, clinical profile, and outcomes of crescentic glomerulonephritis in children: a systematic review. — Meena J, Nangla P, Ojha S, Sinha A, Hari P, Bagga A Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) (2025)
[6]
Cotrimoxazole for infection prevention in glomerulonephritis treated with rituximab: a randomized controlled trial. — Chen Y, Zha Y, Hu A, Yu X, Ma B, Han J et al. BMC medicine (2025)
[7]
Canonical effects of cytokines on glomerulonephritis: A new outlook in nephrology. — Zununi Vahed S, Hosseiniyan Khatibi SM, Ardalan M Medicinal research reviews (2025)
[8]
Serum Uric Acid/Serum Creatinine Ratio and Chronic Vascular Lesions on Renal Biopsy: A Retrospective Observational Study. — Gigante A, Pellicano C, Gallicchio C, Melena M, Fiorino M, Rosato E et al. High blood pressure & cardiovascular prevention : the official journal of the Italian Society of Hypertension (2025)
[9]
The Improved Kidney Risk Score in ANCA-Associated Vasculitis for Clinical Practice and Trials. — Bate S, McGovern D, Costigliolo F, Tan PG, Kratky V, Scott J et al. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN (2024)
[10]
Clinicopathological characteristics and predictors of outcome of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis: a retrospective study. — Mohamed ON, Ibrahim SA, Saleh RK, Issa AS, Setouhi A, Rabou AAA et al. BMC nephrology (2024)
[11]
ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis and lupus nephritis following COVID-19 vaccination: a case report and literature review. — Campos MAG, Valois TO, Magalhães LE, Vasques LF, de Medeiros RG, Costa DMDN et al. Frontiers in immunology (2023)
[12]
Long-term kidney outcome of patients with rheumatological diseases and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-glomerulonephritis: comparison with a primitive ANCA-glomerulonephritis cohort. — Locatelli L, Calatroni M, Reggiani F, Bonelli GD, Gerosa M, Argolini LM et al. Clinical and experimental rheumatology (2023)
[13]
Modified histopathological classification with age-related glomerulosclerosis for predicting kidney survival in ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis. — Aydın MF, Yıldız A, Oruç A, Aytaç Vuruşkan B, Akgür S, Ayar Y et al. International urology and nephrology (2023)
[14]
Clinical Outcomes of Patients with C3G or IC-MPGN Treated with the Factor D Inhibitor Danicopan: Final Results from Two Phase 2 Studies. — Nester C, Appel GB, Bomback AS, Bouman KP, Cook HT, Daina E et al. American journal of nephrology (2022)
[15]
Posterior reversible leukoencephalopathy syndrome associated with acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis: systematic review. — Orlando C, Milani GP, Simonetti GD, Goeggel Simonetti B, Lava SAG, Wyttenbach R et al. Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) (2022)
[16]
Epidemiology and temporal changes in the prognosis of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis in Japan: a nationwide 1989-2015 survey. — Kaneko S, Yamagata K, Usui J, Tsuboi N, Sugiyama H, Maruyama S et al. Clinical and experimental nephrology (2022)
[17]
Characterization of interstitial infiltrates in MPO and PR3 anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody glomerulonephritis. — Kant S, Arend LJ, Gapud E, Seo P, Geetha D Journal of nephrology (2022)
[18]
Renal and overall outcomes of double-positive (ANCA and anti-GBM antibodies) patients compared to ANCA-associated vasculitis patients with severe renal involvement: A multicenter retrospective study with systematic renal pathology analysis. — Clerte M, Philip R, Levi C, Cornec-Le Gall E, Audard V, Huart A et al. Scandinavian journal of rheumatology (2022)
[19]
Glomerulonephritis Associated with Infective Endocarditis Showing Serological Positivity for PR3-anti-neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody and Anti-glomerular Basement Membrane Antibody. — Chiba Y, Takahashi K, Makino R, Yoshida M, Oe Y, Nagasawa T et al. Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) (2022)
[20]
Executive summary of the KDIGO 2021 Guideline for the Management of Glomerular Diseases. — Rovin BH, Adler SG, Barratt J, Bridoux F, Burdge KA, Chan TM et al. Kidney international (2021)
[21]
Predictors of renal outcomes in crescentic and mixed class of ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis. — You X, Zhang J, Ding X, Zhang J, Zhou Q, Lu G Clinical nephrology (2021)
[22]
Deep learning-based molecular morphometrics for kidney biopsies. — Zimmermann M, Klaus M, Wong MN, Thebille AK, Gernhold L, Kuppe C et al. JCI insight (2021)
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