Pathophysiology
Significant resorption of bones of dental origin profoundly alters the facial skeleton with aging, resulting in loss of skeletal projection and contributing to the appearance of facial descent [PMID:26441110].
Clinical Presentation
The reduced support from facial ligaments due to aging leads to increased laxity of the overlying soft tissues, impacting the overall facial appearance [PMID:26441110].
Management
Optimal correction and safe application of injectables for facial rejuvenation require a detailed understanding of the specific anatomical changes that occur with aging, including those in the facial skeleton [PMID:26441110].
References
1 Wong CH, Mendelson B. Newer Understanding of Specific Anatomic Targets in the Aging Face as Applied to Injectables: Aging Changes in the Craniofacial Skeleton and Facial Ligaments. Plastic and reconstructive surgery 2015. link
1 papers cited of 4 indexed.