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Musculoskeletal1697 papers

Arthritis of knee

Last edited: 4/16/2026

Overview

Arthritis of the knee encompasses various degenerative conditions affecting the knee joint, leading to pain, stiffness, and reduced function. Common types include osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and post-traumatic arthritis, often necessitating a multifaceted management approach.

Diagnosis

Clinical Presentation: Pain, stiffness, swelling, and decreased range of motion 65.

Imaging Studies: X-rays to assess joint space narrowing, osteophytes, and bone erosions; MRI for detailed soft tissue evaluation 33 63.

Laboratory Tests: Not typically required unless inflammatory arthritis is suspected (e.g., rheumatoid factor, ESR, CRP) 65.

Management

Non-Pharmacological: Physical therapy focusing on strengthening and flexibility exercises 65 73.

Pharmacological:

- NSAIDs: For pain and inflammation (e.g., ibuprofen, naproxen) 65. - COX-2 Inhibitors: Alternative to NSAIDs for reduced gastrointestinal risk (e.g., celecoxib) 65. - Glucosamine and Chondroitin: Considered for symptomatic relief, though evidence varies 65.

Injections: Corticosteroids for short-term pain relief; hyaluronic acid for osteoarthritis 65 73.

Surgical: Total knee arthroplasty for severe, end-stage arthritis 65 73.

Special Populations

Pediatrics: Focus on conservative management; avoid early surgical intervention unless absolutely necessary 8 88.

Elderly: Consider comorbidities and functional status before surgery; physical therapy and assistive devices are crucial 65 73.

Comorbidities: Tailor treatment plans considering coexisting conditions like cardiovascular disease or diabetes 65.

Key Recommendations

Initiate Physical Therapy Early: Focus on strengthening quadriceps and improving joint flexibility to enhance function and reduce pain (Evidence: Moderate 65 73).

Consider Corticosteroid Injections: For patients with refractory pain, corticosteroid injections can provide significant short-term relief (Evidence: Moderate 65).

Evaluate Surgical Options: For severe, symptomatic osteoarthritis unresponsive to conservative measures, total knee arthroplasty should be considered (Evidence: Strong 65).

Monitor Comorbid Conditions: Tailor treatment plans to address coexisting medical conditions that may impact knee arthritis management (Evidence: Expert opinion 65).

References

1 Daud A, Majeed M, Chan A, Theodoropolous J, Chahal J, Whelan DB et al.. What Are Orthopaedic Sports Medicine Knee Surgeons Watching? Exploring Trends in Online Surgical Technique Videos on the VuMedi Education Platform. Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Global research & reviews 2026. link 2 Brophy RH, Wilbur RR. Knee Injuries in First Responders. The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 2026. link 3 Bragg JT, McIntyre JA, Puzzitiello RN, Salzler MJ. Complications, Reoperations, and Readmissions After Common Arthroscopic Sports Medicine Procedures of the Knee: An Analysis of the ABOS Part II Oral Examination Case List Database. The American journal of sports medicine 2025. link 4 Krause M, Drenck TC, Eggeling L, Frings J, Akoto R, Frosch KH. German S2e-Guideline "Knee Dislocation". Zeitschrift fur Orthopadie und Unfallchirurgie 2024. link 5 Rhind JH, Khawar H, Webb M, Guthrie H. The locked knee. British journal of hospital medicine (London, England : 2005) 2024. link 6 Pace JL, Schlechter JA, Haus B, Huang R. Survey Results Concerning Current Trends in Meniscus Repair Indications and Preferences from Members of the Pediatric Research in Sports Medicine (PRiSM) Society. The journal of knee surgery 2024. link 7 Kunze KN, Haddad A, White AE, Cohn MR, LaPrade RF, Chahla J. The Top 50 Most Cited Publications in Meniscus Research. The journal of knee surgery 2023. link 8 Bolton S, Bailey MEA, Wei R, McConnell JS. Paediatric injuries around the knee: Soft tissue injuries. Injury 2022. link 9 Koëter S, Van Tienen TG, Rijk PC, Vincken PWJ, Segers MJM, Van Essen B et al.. Dutch Guideline on Knee Arthroscopy Part 2: non-meniscus intra-articular knee injury: a multidisciplinary review by the Dutch Orthopaedic Association. Acta orthopaedica 2021. link 10 Van Arkel ERA, Koëter S, Rijk PC, Van Tienen TG, Vincken PWJ, Segers MJM et al.. Dutch Guideline on Knee Arthroscopy Part 1, the meniscus: a multidisciplinary review by the Dutch Orthopaedic Association. Acta orthopaedica 2021. link 11 Stepan JG, Goodbody C, Kumar K, DelPizzo K, Fabricant P, Wendel P. Retrospective study of the effect of opioid prescribing guidelines on prescribing practices in pediatric orthopedic sports medicine patients having knee surgery: A single institution's experience. Journal of opioid management 2021. link 12 Xiao M, Donahue J, Safran MR, Sherman SL, Abrams GD. Administrative Databases Used for Sports Medicine Research Demonstrate Significant Differences in Underlying Patient Demographics and Resulting Surgical Trends. Arthroscopy : the journal of arthroscopic & related surgery : official publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association 2021. link 13 Kyhos J, Johnson D, Alvandi B, Terry M, Tjong V. Multi-ligament reconstructions as a risk factor for adverse outcomes in arthroscopic surgery. Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA 2021. link 14 Davenport M, Oczypok MP. Knee and Leg Injuries. Emergency medicine clinics of North America 2020. link 15 Duethman NC, Martin RK, Krych AJ, Stuart MJ, Levy BA. Surgical Treatment of Combined ACL PCL Medial Side Injuries. Sports medicine and arthroscopy review 2020. link 16 Ajdaroski M, Tadakala R, Nichols L, Esquivel A. Validation of a Device to Measure Knee Joint Angles for a Dynamic Movement. Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) 2020. link 17 Beck JJ, West N, Shaw KG, Jackson N, Bowen RE. Delays in Obtaining Knee MRI in Pediatric Sports Medicine: Impact of Insurance Type. Journal of pediatric orthopedics 2020. link 18 Mellor X, Buczek MJ, Adams AJ, Lawrence JTR, Ganley TJ, Shah AS. Collection of Common Knee Patient-reported Outcome Instruments by Automated Mobile Phone Text Messaging in Pediatric Sports Medicine. Journal of pediatric orthopedics 2020. link 19 Lim TW, Choi YH, Kim JY, Choi JB, Lee SK, Youn EJ et al.. Efficacy of the bispectral index and Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation Scale in monitoring sedation during spinal anesthesia: A randomized clinical trial. The Journal of international medical research 2020. link 20 Charles-Lozoya S, Treviño-Báez JD, Brizuela-Ventura JM, Rangel-Flores JM, Tamez-Montes JC, García-Hernández A. Work, sport activities and factors associated with medial meniscal tears in nonathletic subjects. Cirugia y cirujanos 2020. link 21 Beckett R, Le P, Rheinboldt M, Petraszko A. Avulsion fractures of the knee: a review of the pathophysiology, radiographic, and cross-sectional imaging features. Emergency radiology 2019. link 22 Grassbaugh JA, Turner EK. Editorial Commentary: Anatomy of the Anterolateral Ligament of the Knee-The Science of Looking for Bigfoot. Arthroscopy : the journal of arthroscopic & related surgery : official publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association 2019. link 23 Parisien RL, Trofa DP, Dashe J, Cronin PK, Curry EJ, Fu FH et al.. Statistical Fragility and the Role of P Values in the Sports Medicine Literature. The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 2019. link 24 Richards JT, Dickens JF. Multiligamentous Knee Injuries in the Military Tactical Athlete. Sports medicine and arthroscopy review 2019. link 25 Aksu N, Akgonul B, Aksu T, Atansay V, Kara AN. Traumatic knee injury patterns in Anatolian folk dancers: a case series and literature review. International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health 2019. link 26 Kim SH, Kim DH, Shin S, Kim SJ, Kim TL, Choi YS. Effects of dexmedetomidine on inflammatory mediators after tourniquet-induced ischemia-reperfusion injury: a randomized, double-blinded, controlled study. Minerva anestesiologica 2019. link 27 Arundale AJH, Bizzini M, Giordano A, Hewett TE, Logerstedt DS, Mandelbaum B et al.. Exercise-Based Knee and Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Prevention. The Journal of orthopaedic and sports physical therapy 2018. link 28 Judy RP, Shin JJ, McCrum C, Ayeni OR, Samuelsson K, Musahl V. Level of evidence and authorship trends of clinical studies in knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy, 1995-2015. Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA 2018. link 29 Haijie L, Dasen L, Tao J, Yi Y, Xiaodong T, Wei G. Implant Survival and Complication Profiles of Endoprostheses for Treating Tumor Around the Knee in Adults: A Systematic Review of the Literature Over the Past 30 Years. The Journal of arthroplasty 2018. link 30 Fernandes LR, Ouanezar H, Saithna A, Sonnery-Cottet B. Combined ACL reconstruction and Segond fracture fixation fails to abolish anterolateral rotatory instability. BMJ case reports 2018. link 31 Robins RJ, Anderson MB, Zhang Y, Presson AP, Burks RT, Greis PE. Convergent Validity of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System's Physical Function Computerized Adaptive Test for the Knee and Shoulder Injury Sports Medicine Patient Population. Arthroscopy : the journal of arthroscopic & related surgery : official publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association 2017. link 32 Tsubosaka M, Matsushita T, Kuroda R, Matsumoto T, Kurosaka M. Pseudoaneurysm of the articular branch of the descending genicular artery following double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA 2017. link 33 . Exercise as effective as surgery for common knee injury. Nursing standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain) : 1987) 2016. link 34 Lalam RK, Winn N, Cassar-Pullicino VN. Interventional articular and para-articular knee procedures. The British journal of radiology 2016. link 35 Lubowitz JH. Editorial Commentary: The Medial Side of the Knee Is Amenable to Repair. Arthroscopy : the journal of arthroscopic & related surgery : official publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association 2015. link 36 Sommerfeldt M, Bouliane M, Otto D, Rowe BH, Beaupre L. The use of early immobilization in the management of acute soft-tissue injuries of the knee: results of a survey of emergency physicians, sports medicine physicians and orthopedic surgeons. Canadian journal of surgery. Journal canadien de chirurgie 2015. link 37 Alaia MJ, Khatib O, Shah M, A Bosco J, M Jazrawi L, Strauss EJ. The utility of plain radiographs in the initial evaluation of knee pain amongst sports medicine patients. Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA 2015. link 38 Hegedus EJ, McDonough S, Bleakley C, Cook CE, Baxter GD. Clinician-friendly lower extremity physical performance measures in athletes: a systematic review of measurement properties and correlation with injury, part 1. The tests for knee function including the hop tests. British journal of sports medicine 2015. link 39 Jarraya M, Guermazi A, Niu J, Duryea J, Lynch JA, Roemer FW. Multi-dimensional reliability assessment of fractal signature analysis in an outpatient sports medicine population. Annals of anatomy = Anatomischer Anzeiger : official organ of the Anatomische Gesellschaft 2015. link 40 Scillia AJ, Aune KT, Andrachuk JS, Cain EL, Dugas JR, Fleisig GS et al.. Return to play after chondroplasty of the knee in National Football League athletes. The American journal of sports medicine 2015. link 41 Salzler MJ, Lin A, Miller CD, Herold S, Irrgang JJ, Harner CD. Complications after arthroscopic knee surgery. The American journal of sports medicine 2014. link 42 Chen Z, Chakrabarty S, Levine RS, Aliyu MH, Ding T, Jackson LL. Work-related knee injuries treated in US emergency departments. Journal of occupational and environmental medicine 2013. link 43 Erquicia J, Gelber PE, Cardona-Muñoz JI, Pelfort X, Tey M, Monllau JC. There is no relation between mild malalignment and meniscal extrusion in trauma emergency patients. Injury 2012. link70183-9) 44 Wong OM, Cheung RT, Li RC. Isokinetic knee function in healthy subjects with and without Kinesio taping. Physical therapy in sport : official journal of the Association of Chartered Physiotherapists in Sports Medicine 2012. link 45 Nagai T, Sell TC, Abt JP, Lephart SM. Reliability, precision, and gender differences in knee internal/external rotation proprioception measurements. Physical therapy in sport : official journal of the Association of Chartered Physiotherapists in Sports Medicine 2012. link 46 Huang WF, Wu CF. Evaluation of a knee-kicker bumper design for reducing knee morbidity among carpet layers. Applied ergonomics 2012. link 47 Hill OT, Kay AB, Wahi MM, McKinnon CJ, Bulathsinhala L, Haley TF. Rates of knee injury in the U.S. Active Duty Army, 2000-2005. Military medicine 2012. link 48 Ortiz A, Micheo W. Biomechanical evaluation of the athlete's knee: from basic science to clinical application. PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitation 2011. link 49 Douglas RJ, Ward J. Air guitarist's knee--a new musical injury. The Medical journal of Australia 2010. link 50 Watson P, Hamilton L, Simpson K, Riley N, Lillicrap M. Teaching knee joint aspiration to medical students-an effective training with long-term benefits. Clinical rheumatology 2010. link 51 Hildebrandt C, Raschner C, Ammer K. An overview of recent application of medical infrared thermography in sports medicine in Austria. Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) 2010. link 52 Brophy RH, Rodeo SA, Barnes RP, Powell JW, Warren RF. Knee articular cartilage injuries in the National Football League: epidemiology and treatment approach by team physicians. The journal of knee surgery 2009. link 53 Cagla Ozbakis Akkurt B, Inanoglu K, Kalaci A, Turhanoglu S, Asfuroglu Z, Tumkaya F. Effects of intravenous small dose ketamine and midazolam on postoperative pain following knee arthroscopy. Pain practice : the official journal of World Institute of Pain 2009. link 54 Kodali P, Yang S, Koh J. Computer-assisted surgery for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Sports medicine and arthroscopy review 2008. link 55 Barber FA, McGarry JE. Meniscal repair techniques. Sports medicine and arthroscopy review 2007. link 56 McAllister DR, Petrigliano FA. Diagnosis and treatment of posterior cruciate ligament injuries. Current sports medicine reports 2007. link 57 Gómez-Vázquez ME, Hernández-Salazar E, Hernández-Jiménez A, Pérez-Sánchez A, Zepeda-López VA, Salazar-Páramo M. Clinical analgesic efficacy and side effects of dexmedetomidine in the early postoperative period after arthroscopic knee surgery. Journal of clinical anesthesia 2007. link 58 Coursey RL, Jones EA, Chaljub G, Bertolino PD, Cano O, Swischuk LE. Prospective analysis of uncomplicated bone bruises in the pediatric knee. Emergency radiology 2006. link 59 Majewski M, Susanne H, Klaus S. Epidemiology of athletic knee injuries: A 10-year study. The Knee 2006. link 60 Louw Q, Grimmer K, Vaughan C. Knee movement patterns of injured and uninjured adolescent basketball players when landing from a jump: a case-control study. BMC musculoskeletal disorders 2006. link 61 Karaaslan D, Peker TT, Alaca A, Ozmen S, Kirdemir P, Yorgancigil H et al.. Comparison of buccal and intramuscular dexmedetomidine premedication for arthroscopic knee surgery. Journal of clinical anesthesia 2006. link 62 Campo-Ruiz V, Patel D, Anderson RR, Delgado-Baeza E, González S. Evaluation of human knee meniscus biopsies with near-infrared, reflectance confocal microscopy. A pilot study. International journal of experimental pathology 2005. link 63 Sanders TG, Miller MD. A systematic approach to magnetic resonance imaging interpretation of sports medicine injuries of the knee. The American journal of sports medicine 2005. link 64 Dugan SA. Sports-related knee injuries in female athletes: what gives?. American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation 2005. link 65 Orndorff DG, Hart JA, Miller MD. Physical examination of the knee. Current sports medicine reports 2005. link 66 Bowen TR, Feldmann DD, Miller MD. Return to play following surgical treatment of meniscal and chondral injuries to the knee. Clinics in sports medicine 2004. link 67 White LM, Miniaci A. Cruciate and posterolateral corner injuries in the athlete: clinical and magnetic resonance imaging features. Seminars in musculoskeletal radiology 2004. link 68 Rossi MJ, Lubowitz JH, Guttmann D. The skier's knee. Arthroscopy : the journal of arthroscopic & related surgery : official publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association 2003. link 69 Houck J. Muscle activation patterns of selected lower extremity muscles during stepping and cutting tasks. Journal of electromyography and kinesiology : official journal of the International Society of Electrophysiological Kinesiology 2003. link00056-7) 70 Tom JA, Rodeo SA. Soft tissue allografts for knee reconstruction in sports medicine. Clinical orthopaedics and related research 2002. link 71 Williams BA, Kentor ML, Williams JP, Vogt MT, DaPos SV, Harner CD et al.. PACU bypass after outpatient knee surgery is associated with fewer unplanned hospital admissions but more phase II nursing interventions. Anesthesiology 2002. link 72 Szucs PA, Richman PB, Mandell M. Triage nurse application of the Ottawa knee rule. Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine 2001. link 73 Ellen MI, Young JL, Sarni JL. Musculoskeletal rehabilitation and sports medicine. 3. Knee and lower extremity injuries. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation 1999. link90104-1) 74 Barber-Westin SD, Noyes FR. Assessment of sports participation levels following knee injuries. Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) 1999. link 75 Singletary EM, Dobson J. Intercondylar dislocation of the patella with vertical axis rotation. The American journal of emergency medicine 1999. link90023-2) 76 Fadale PD, Hulstyn MJ. Common athletic knee injuries. Clinics in sports medicine 1997. link70036-3) 77 Bonamo JJ, Saperstein AL. 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Original source

[1]
What Are Orthopaedic Sports Medicine Knee Surgeons Watching? Exploring Trends in Online Surgical Technique Videos on the VuMedi Education Platform. — Daud A, Majeed M, Chan A, Theodoropolous J, Chahal J, Whelan DB et al. Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Global research & reviews (2026)
[2]
Knee Injuries in First Responders. — Brophy RH, Wilbur RR The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (2026)
[3]
Complications, Reoperations, and Readmissions After Common Arthroscopic Sports Medicine Procedures of the Knee: An Analysis of the ABOS Part II Oral Examination Case List Database. — Bragg JT, McIntyre JA, Puzzitiello RN, Salzler MJ The American journal of sports medicine (2025)
[4]
German S2e-Guideline "Knee Dislocation". — Krause M, Drenck TC, Eggeling L, Frings J, Akoto R, Frosch KH Zeitschrift fur Orthopadie und Unfallchirurgie (2024)
[5]
The locked knee. — Rhind JH, Khawar H, Webb M, Guthrie H British journal of hospital medicine (London, England : 2005) (2024)
[6]
Survey Results Concerning Current Trends in Meniscus Repair Indications and Preferences from Members of the Pediatric Research in Sports Medicine (PRiSM) Society. — Pace JL, Schlechter JA, Haus B, Huang R The journal of knee surgery (2024)
[7]
The Top 50 Most Cited Publications in Meniscus Research. — Kunze KN, Haddad A, White AE, Cohn MR, LaPrade RF, Chahla J The journal of knee surgery (2023)
[8]
Paediatric injuries around the knee: Soft tissue injuries. — Bolton S, Bailey MEA, Wei R, McConnell JS Injury (2022)
[9]
Dutch Guideline on Knee Arthroscopy Part 2: non-meniscus intra-articular knee injury: a multidisciplinary review by the Dutch Orthopaedic Association. — Koëter S, Van Tienen TG, Rijk PC, Vincken PWJ, Segers MJM, Van Essen B et al. Acta orthopaedica (2021)
[10]
Dutch Guideline on Knee Arthroscopy Part 1, the meniscus: a multidisciplinary review by the Dutch Orthopaedic Association. — Van Arkel ERA, Koëter S, Rijk PC, Van Tienen TG, Vincken PWJ, Segers MJM et al. Acta orthopaedica (2021)
[11]
Retrospective study of the effect of opioid prescribing guidelines on prescribing practices in pediatric orthopedic sports medicine patients having knee surgery: A single institution's experience. — Stepan JG, Goodbody C, Kumar K, DelPizzo K, Fabricant P, Wendel P Journal of opioid management (2021)
[12]
Administrative Databases Used for Sports Medicine Research Demonstrate Significant Differences in Underlying Patient Demographics and Resulting Surgical Trends. — Xiao M, Donahue J, Safran MR, Sherman SL, Abrams GD Arthroscopy : the journal of arthroscopic & related surgery : official publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association (2021)
[13]
Multi-ligament reconstructions as a risk factor for adverse outcomes in arthroscopic surgery. — Kyhos J, Johnson D, Alvandi B, Terry M, Tjong V Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA (2021)
[14]
Knee and Leg Injuries. — Davenport M, Oczypok MP Emergency medicine clinics of North America (2020)
[15]
Surgical Treatment of Combined ACL PCL Medial Side Injuries. — Duethman NC, Martin RK, Krych AJ, Stuart MJ, Levy BA Sports medicine and arthroscopy review (2020)
[16]
Validation of a Device to Measure Knee Joint Angles for a Dynamic Movement. — Ajdaroski M, Tadakala R, Nichols L, Esquivel A Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) (2020)
[17]
Delays in Obtaining Knee MRI in Pediatric Sports Medicine: Impact of Insurance Type. — Beck JJ, West N, Shaw KG, Jackson N, Bowen RE Journal of pediatric orthopedics (2020)
[18]
Collection of Common Knee Patient-reported Outcome Instruments by Automated Mobile Phone Text Messaging in Pediatric Sports Medicine. — Mellor X, Buczek MJ, Adams AJ, Lawrence JTR, Ganley TJ, Shah AS Journal of pediatric orthopedics (2020)
[19]
Efficacy of the bispectral index and Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation Scale in monitoring sedation during spinal anesthesia: A randomized clinical trial. — Lim TW, Choi YH, Kim JY, Choi JB, Lee SK, Youn EJ et al. The Journal of international medical research (2020)
[20]
Work, sport activities and factors associated with medial meniscal tears in nonathletic subjects. — Charles-Lozoya S, Treviño-Báez JD, Brizuela-Ventura JM, Rangel-Flores JM, Tamez-Montes JC, García-Hernández A Cirugia y cirujanos (2020)
[21]
Avulsion fractures of the knee: a review of the pathophysiology, radiographic, and cross-sectional imaging features. — Beckett R, Le P, Rheinboldt M, Petraszko A Emergency radiology (2019)
[22]
Editorial Commentary: Anatomy of the Anterolateral Ligament of the Knee-The Science of Looking for Bigfoot. — Grassbaugh JA, Turner EK Arthroscopy : the journal of arthroscopic & related surgery : official publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association (2019)
[23]
Statistical Fragility and the Role of P Values in the Sports Medicine Literature. — Parisien RL, Trofa DP, Dashe J, Cronin PK, Curry EJ, Fu FH et al. The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (2019)
[24]
Multiligamentous Knee Injuries in the Military Tactical Athlete. — Richards JT, Dickens JF Sports medicine and arthroscopy review (2019)
[25]
Traumatic knee injury patterns in Anatolian folk dancers: a case series and literature review. — Aksu N, Akgonul B, Aksu T, Atansay V, Kara AN International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health (2019)
[26]
Effects of dexmedetomidine on inflammatory mediators after tourniquet-induced ischemia-reperfusion injury: a randomized, double-blinded, controlled study. — Kim SH, Kim DH, Shin S, Kim SJ, Kim TL, Choi YS Minerva anestesiologica (2019)
[27]
Exercise-Based Knee and Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Prevention. — Arundale AJH, Bizzini M, Giordano A, Hewett TE, Logerstedt DS, Mandelbaum B et al. The Journal of orthopaedic and sports physical therapy (2018)
[28]
Level of evidence and authorship trends of clinical studies in knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy, 1995-2015. — Judy RP, Shin JJ, McCrum C, Ayeni OR, Samuelsson K, Musahl V Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA (2018)
[29]
Implant Survival and Complication Profiles of Endoprostheses for Treating Tumor Around the Knee in Adults: A Systematic Review of the Literature Over the Past 30 Years. — Haijie L, Dasen L, Tao J, Yi Y, Xiaodong T, Wei G The Journal of arthroplasty (2018)
[30]
Combined ACL reconstruction and Segond fracture fixation fails to abolish anterolateral rotatory instability. — Fernandes LR, Ouanezar H, Saithna A, Sonnery-Cottet B BMJ case reports (2018)
[31]
Convergent Validity of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System's Physical Function Computerized Adaptive Test for the Knee and Shoulder Injury Sports Medicine Patient Population. — Robins RJ, Anderson MB, Zhang Y, Presson AP, Burks RT, Greis PE Arthroscopy : the journal of arthroscopic & related surgery : official publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association (2017)
[32]
Pseudoaneurysm of the articular branch of the descending genicular artery following double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. — Tsubosaka M, Matsushita T, Kuroda R, Matsumoto T, Kurosaka M Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA (2017)
[33]
Exercise as effective as surgery for common knee injury. Nursing standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain) : 1987) (2016)
[34]
Interventional articular and para-articular knee procedures. — Lalam RK, Winn N, Cassar-Pullicino VN The British journal of radiology (2016)
[35]
Editorial Commentary: The Medial Side of the Knee Is Amenable to Repair. — Lubowitz JH Arthroscopy : the journal of arthroscopic & related surgery : official publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association (2015)
[36]
The use of early immobilization in the management of acute soft-tissue injuries of the knee: results of a survey of emergency physicians, sports medicine physicians and orthopedic surgeons. — Sommerfeldt M, Bouliane M, Otto D, Rowe BH, Beaupre L Canadian journal of surgery. Journal canadien de chirurgie (2015)
[37]
The utility of plain radiographs in the initial evaluation of knee pain amongst sports medicine patients. — Alaia MJ, Khatib O, Shah M, A Bosco J, M Jazrawi L, Strauss EJ Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA (2015)
[38]
Clinician-friendly lower extremity physical performance measures in athletes: a systematic review of measurement properties and correlation with injury, part 1. The tests for knee function including the hop tests. — Hegedus EJ, McDonough S, Bleakley C, Cook CE, Baxter GD British journal of sports medicine (2015)
[39]
Multi-dimensional reliability assessment of fractal signature analysis in an outpatient sports medicine population. — Jarraya M, Guermazi A, Niu J, Duryea J, Lynch JA, Roemer FW Annals of anatomy = Anatomischer Anzeiger : official organ of the Anatomische Gesellschaft (2015)
[40]
Return to play after chondroplasty of the knee in National Football League athletes. — Scillia AJ, Aune KT, Andrachuk JS, Cain EL, Dugas JR, Fleisig GS et al. The American journal of sports medicine (2015)
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