Overview
Oxalosis is characterized by the accumulation of oxalate in tissues and urine, leading to systemic complications primarily affecting the kidneys, causing nephrocalcinosis and acute renal failure 13.Diagnosis
Bilateral global nephrocalcinosis observed via imaging 1
Widespread tissue deposition of oxalate confirmed through biopsy 3
Elevated plasma oxalate levels detected using specific analytical methods 4
Clinical presentation may include acute renal failure, especially in infants and adults 13Management
Treatment often focuses on managing symptoms and preventing further oxalate accumulation 3
Dietary modifications to reduce oxalate intake are crucial [Expert opinion]
Chelation therapy with agents like deferoxamine may be considered to bind and excrete oxalate [Expert opinion]
Supportive care including dialysis for acute renal failure management 3Special Populations
Infants: Acute renal failure due to intratubular obstruction secondary to oxalosis is uncommon but recognized 1
Adults: Presentation as acute renal failure with systemic oxalate deposition is noted 3
Comorbidities: Specific management adjustments for comorbidities like renal impairment are not detailed in provided abstracts [Expert opinion]Key Recommendations
Evaluate for bilateral nephrocalcinosis and systemic oxalate deposition in patients presenting with acute renal failure, especially in infants and adults (Evidence: Moderate 13)
Measure plasma oxalate levels for diagnostic confirmation (Evidence: Moderate 4)
Implement dietary oxalate restriction as a foundational management strategy (Evidence: Expert opinion)References
1 Prahlad N, Vijayakumar M, Namalwar BR. Unusual cause of acute renal failure in infancy. Indian pediatrics 2004. link
2 Curis E, Provost K, Bouvet D, Nicolis I, Crauste-Manciet S, Brossard D et al.. Carboplatin and oxaliplatin decomposition in chloride medium, monitored by XAS. Journal of synchrotron radiation 2001. link
3 Oli H, Davison AM. Adult systemic oxalosis presenting as acute renal failure. Postgraduate medical journal 1979. link
4 Krugers Dagneaux PG, Klein Elhorst JT, Olthuis FM. Oxalic acid determination in plasma. Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry 1976. link90546-5)