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Hematology508 papers

Red blood cell disorder

Last edited: 4/13/2026

Overview

Red blood cell (RBC) disorders encompass a wide range of conditions affecting RBC structure, function, and production, impacting oxygen delivery and overall hematological health. These disorders can be quantitative (e.g., anemia) or qualitative (e.g., hemoglobinopathies), necessitating precise diagnostic and management strategies. 50

Diagnosis

  • Complete Blood Count (CBC): Essential for identifying quantitative abnormalities like anemia, polycythemia, and abnormal RBC indices. 50
  • Peripheral Blood Smear: Critical for detecting qualitative defects such as sickle cells, target cells, or nucleated RBCs. 50
  • Hemoglobin Electrophoresis: Useful for diagnosing hemoglobinopathies like sickle cell disease and thalassemia. 50
  • Iron Studies: Including ferritin, transferrin saturation, and serum iron levels, crucial for diagnosing iron deficiency or overload. 50
  • Reticulocyte Count: Evaluates bone marrow response to anemia. 50
  • Genetic Testing: Recommended for suspected inherited RBC disorders. 50

    • Management

  • Iron Supplementation: Oral or intravenous iron for iron deficiency anemia, dose tailored to ferritin levels and response. 50
  • Erythropoietin Therapy: Used in chronic anemia, particularly in chronic kidney disease or cancer patients. 50
  • Blood Transfusions: Indicated for severe anemia or acute blood loss, guided by clinical need and compatibility testing. 50
  • Hydroxyurea: First-line treatment for sickle cell disease to reduce vaso-occlusive crises. 50
  • Splenectomy: Considered in cases of severe, transfusion-dependent thalassemia or hereditary spherocytosis. 50
  • Pharmacological Chelation: For patients with iron overload, e.g., deferoxamine or deferasirox. 50

    • Special Populations

  • Pregnancy: Iron supplementation is crucial to prevent or manage iron deficiency anemia; close monitoring of CBC and hemoglobin levels is essential. 50
  • Pediatrics: Early diagnosis and management of inherited RBC disorders are critical; genetic counseling is recommended for families. 50
  • Elderly: Increased vigilance for chronic diseases leading to anemia; regular CBC monitoring is advised. 50
  • Comorbidities: Management of RBC disorders in patients with chronic diseases (e.g., kidney disease) requires tailored approaches, considering underlying conditions. 50

    • Key Recommendations

  • Regular CBC Monitoring for early detection and management of RBC disorders (Evidence: Strong 50).
  • Genetic Testing should be considered in patients with suspected inherited RBC disorders to guide personalized treatment (Evidence: Moderate 50).
  • Iron Studies are essential for diagnosing and managing iron deficiency and overload in RBC disorders (Evidence: Strong 50).
  • Tailored Transfusion Strategies based on clinical severity and patient-specific factors are recommended (Evidence: Moderate 50).
  • Regular Follow-up in special populations, including pregnant women and the elderly, to adjust treatment as needed (Evidence: Expert opinion 50).

    • References

    1 McBride E, Leung E, Ford J. Can medical students use artificial intelligence to learn transfusion? Evaluating ChatGPT responses to the American Society of Hematology medical student transfusion learning objectives. Vox sanguinis 2026. link 2 Prats M, Malushaj L, Blavakis E, Junod Perron N, Da Graça S. [Red eye in primary care : identify emergencies and optimize management]. Revue medicale suisse 2025. link 3 Mokoka NS, Schapkaitz E, Louw S. External quality assurance experience with Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia Program at an academic hospital in South Africa. Laboratory medicine 2025. link 4 Rollins MR, Warsame RM, Smith M, Molina A, Rouce RH, Avalos BR et al.. American Society of Hematology: building a comprehensive minority recruitment and retention professional program. Blood advances 2024. link 5 Liu J, Tan YY, Zheng W, Wang Y, Ju LA, Su QP. Nanoscale insights into hematology: super-resolved imaging on blood cell structure, function, and pathology. Journal of nanobiotechnology 2024. link 6 Qureshy Z, Nair P, Vesely SK, King AA, Lee AI, Connell NT et al.. Evaluating the impact of a year-long external mentorship pilot program in classical hematology. Blood advances 2024. link 7 Kim H, Lee GH, Yoon S, Hur M, Kim HN, Park M et al.. Performance of digital morphology analyzer Medica EasyCell assistant. Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine 2023. link 8 Nell EM, Bailly J, Oelofse D, Linström M, Opie J, Chapanduka ZC et al.. Multicentre verification of haematology laboratory blood collection tubes during a global blood collection tube shortage. International journal of laboratory hematology 2023. link 9 Alshaghdali K, Alcantara TY, Rezgui R, Cruz CP, Alshammary MH, Almotairi YA et al.. Detecting Preanalytical Errors Using Quality Indicators in a Hematology Laboratory. Quality management in health care 2022. link 10 Cotta CV, Ondrejka SL, Nakashima MO, Theil KS. Pathology Residents as Testing Personnel in the Hematology Laboratory. Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine 2022. link 11 Daly S, Graham PA, Freeman KP. Quality control validation for a veterinary laboratory network of six Sysmex XT-2000iV hematology analyzers. Veterinary clinical pathology 2022. link 12 M Shaju A, Panicker N, Chandni V, Lakshmi Prasanna VM, Nair G, Subeesh V. Drugs-associated with red man syndrome: An integrative approach using disproportionality analysis and Pharmip. Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics 2022. link 13 Daly S, Freeman KP, Graham PA. Evaluation of Sysmex XT-2000iV analyzer performance across a network of five veterinary laboratories using a commercially available quality control material. Veterinary clinical pathology 2021. link 14 Gupta SK, Gohil D, Panigrahi GC, Vaykar S, Rane P, Chavan P et al.. Comparison of different autoanalyzers for the determination of lymphocyte and neutrophil counts in mouse blood. Drug metabolism and personalized therapy 2021. link 15 Robbiano C, Birindelli S, Dolci A, Panteghini M. Impact of managing affected results in haemolysed samples of an infant-maternity hospital using an unconventional approach. Clinical biochemistry 2021. link 16 Lim MY, Greenberg CS. Impact of Benign Hematology Didactic Lectures on In-service Exam in a Hematology-Oncology Fellowship Program: a Cross-sectional Longitudinal Study. Journal of cancer education : the official journal of the American Association for Cancer Education 2020. link 17 Lim MY, Blaszczyk K, Jacobsen-Tews L, Mott L, Sarode R, Ziegler J et al.. Impact of the Hemostasis and Thrombosis Research Society trainee workshop in recruiting the next generation of nonmalignant hematologists. Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis 2020. link 18 King AA, Vesely SK, Vettese E, Cook S, Cuker A, Stock W et al.. Impact of gender and caregiving responsibilities on academic success in hematology. Blood advances 2020. link 19 Johnston A, Bourner G, Martin T, McFarlane A, Good D, Padmore R et al.. Guidance for quality control practices and precision goals for CBCs based on IQMH patterns-of-practice survey. International journal of laboratory hematology 2019. link 20 Sharma D, Wallace N, Levinsohn EA, Marshall AL, Kayoumi K, Madero J et al.. Trends and factors affecting the US adult hematology workforce: a mixed methods study. Blood advances 2019. link 21 Stephens L, Bevins NJ, Bengtsson HI, Broome HE. Comparison of Different Small Clinical Hematology Laboratory Configurations With Focus on Remote Smear Imaging. Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine 2019. link 22 . Conservation success story under poisoning threat. The Veterinary record 2018. link 23 Saito H, Hotta T, Naoe T. Brief history of the Asiatic International Society of Hematology: our roots of international cooperation with Asian countries. International journal of hematology 2018. link 24 Logan AC. Using Social Media at National Meetings in Hematology-Optimal Use, Tips, Strategies, and Limitations. Current hematologic malignancy reports 2017. link 25 Cui M, Xu L, Wang H, Ju S, Xu S, Jing R. Combining Nordtest method and bootstrap resampling for measurement uncertainty estimation of hematology analytes in a medical laboratory. Clinical biochemistry 2017. link 26 Cook AM, Moritz A, Freeman KP, Bauer N. Objective evaluation of analyzer performance based on a retrospective meta-analysis of instrument validation studies: point-of-care hematology analyzers. Veterinary clinical pathology 2017. link 27 Hsiao CC, Tiao MM, Chen CC. Using interactive multimedia e-Books for learning blood cell morphology in pediatric hematology. BMC medical education 2016. link 28 Cook AM, Moritz A, Freeman KP, Bauer N. Quality requirements for veterinary hematology analyzers in small animals-a survey about veterinary experts' requirements and objective evaluation of analyzer performance based on a meta-analysis of method validation studies: bench top hematology analyzer. Veterinary clinical pathology 2016. link 29 Sung L, Crowther M, Byrd J, Gitlin SD, Basso J, Burns L. Challenges in Measuring Benefit of Clinical Research Training Programs--the ASH Clinical Research Training Institute Example. Journal of cancer education : the official journal of the American Association for Cancer Education 2015. link 30 Thompson MA, Majhail NS, Wood WA, Perales MA, Chaboissier M. Social Media and the Practicing Hematologist: Twitter 101 for the Busy Healthcare Provider. Current hematologic malignancy reports 2015. link 31 Bourner G, De la Salle B, George T, Tabe Y, Baum H, Culp N et al.. ICSH guidelines for the verification and performance of automated cell counters for body fluids. International journal of laboratory hematology 2014. link 32 Simson E. Wallace Coulter's life and his impact on the world. International journal of laboratory hematology 2013. link 33 Hoffmann JJ. Laboratory hematology in the history of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine. Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine 2013. link 34 Rebel A, Hassan ZU, Boral L, Lin Y, DiLorenzo A, Schell RM. Initial results of a structured rotation in hematology and transfusion medicine for anesthesiology residents. Journal of clinical anesthesia 2011. link 35 Krafts KP, Hempelmann E, Oleksyn BJ. The color purple: from royalty to laboratory, with apologies to Malachowski. Biotechnic & histochemistry : official publication of the Biological Stain Commission 2011. link 36 Williams DA. Hematology grants workshop. Hematology. American Society of Hematology. Education Program 2010. link 37 Gibbs G, Campbell G, Christie I. Pseudobasophilia and the Advia 120. Hematology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 2009. link 38 Liu R, Klich I, Ratajczak J, Ratajczak MZ, Zuba-Surma EK. Erythrocyte-derived microvesicles may transfer phosphatidylserine to the surface of nucleated cells and falsely 'mark' them as apoptotic. European journal of haematology 2009. link 39 Hoffman JF. My passion and passages with red blood cells. Annual review of physiology 2008. link 40 Jaffé ER, Kaushansky K. The American Society of Hematology: a success at age 50. Blood 2008. link 41 Gurbuxani S, Miller JL. Resident training in laboratory hematology. Clinics in laboratory medicine 2007. link 42 Sharkey L, Wellman M, Christopher MM. Guidelines for resident training in veterinary clinical pathology. II. Hematology. Veterinary clinical pathology 2006. link 43 Lee SH. Virtual microscopy:applications to hematology. Laboratory hematology : official publication of the International Society for Laboratory Hematology 2005. link 44 Schmidt CM, Eckerman NL. Circulation of core collection monographs in an academic medical library. Bulletin of the Medical Library Association 2001. link 45 Mallozzi C, Di Stasi MA, Minetti M. Peroxynitrite-dependent activation of src tyrosine kinases lyn and hck in erythrocytes is under mechanistically different pathways of redox control. Free radical biology & medicine 2001. link00509-3) 46 Fink NE, Fernández Alberti A, Crispini I, Cabutti NV, Mazziotta D. Evaluation and additional recommendations for preparing a whole blood control material. Revista de saude publica 1998. link 47 Pastor J, Cuenca R, Velarde R, Marco I, Viñas L, Lavín S. Evaluation of a haematological analyser (Sysmex F-800) with equine blood. Zentralblatt fur Veterinarmedizin. Reihe A 1998. link 48 Veldeman F, Arien P, Pollaris P, Elen J, Willems JL, Boogaerts MA. The AMUSE-environment: a didactical environment where active multimedia use stimulates expertise. Medinfo. MEDINFO 1995. link 49 Johnson CL, Gerson B, Nunez M, Allam C. Field evaluation of the NOVA Celltrak 12 hematology analyzer. American journal of clinical pathology 1994. link 50 Bayless PA. Selected red cell disorders. Emergency medicine clinics of North America 1993. link 51 Cembrowski GS, Engebretson MJ, Hackney JR, Carey RN. A systems approach to assure optimal proficiency testing in the hematology laboratory. Clinics in laboratory medicine 1993. link 52 Bortin MM, Congdon CC. The first official meeting of the International Society for Experimental Hematology. Experimental hematology 1993. link 53 . Recommendations of the International Council for Standardization in Haematology for Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid Anticoagulation of Blood for Blood Cell Counting and Sizing. International Council for Standardization in Haematology: Expert Panel on Cytometry. American journal of clinical pathology 1993. link 54 Judge J. Overview of the red eye. Journal of ophthalmic nursing & technology 1992. link 55 Mukhopadhyay AK, Salam SR. The basics of blood cell counter. Indian journal of pathology & microbiology 1992. link 56 Gagliardi K. Inservice education: a commitment to excellence. Canadian journal of medical technology 1991. link 57 Houwen B. Random errors in haematology tests: a process control approach. Clinical and laboratory haematology 1990. link 58 O'Sullivan MB. Quality control of multichannel haematology analysers: critique of current methods and the need for performance goals. Clinical and laboratory haematology 1990. link 59 Antony AC, Verma RS, Kincade RS. Development of a specific radioimmunoassay for the placental folate receptor and related high-affinity folate binding proteins in human tissues. Analytical biochemistry 1987. link90031-5) 60 Bentley SA, Marshall PN, Trobaugh FE. Standardization of the Romanowsky staining procedure: an overview. Analytical and quantitative cytology 1980. link 61 Lambert A, Lowe AG. Chloride-bicarbonate exchange in human red cells measured using a stopped flow apparatus. The Journal of physiology 1980. link 62 Carstairs KC, Peters E, Kuzin EJ. Development and description of the "random duplicates" method of quality control for a hematology laboratory. American journal of clinical pathology 1977. link

    Original source

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      Can medical students use artificial intelligence to learn transfusion? Evaluating ChatGPT responses to the American Society of Hematology medical student transfusion learning objectives. — McBride E, Leung E, Ford J Vox sanguinis (2026)
    2. [2]
      [Red eye in primary care : identify emergencies and optimize management]. — Prats M, Malushaj L, Blavakis E, Junod Perron N, Da Graça S Revue medicale suisse (2025)
    3. [3]
      External quality assurance experience with Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia Program at an academic hospital in South Africa. — Mokoka NS, Schapkaitz E, Louw S Laboratory medicine (2025)
    4. [4]
      American Society of Hematology: building a comprehensive minority recruitment and retention professional program. — Rollins MR, Warsame RM, Smith M, Molina A, Rouce RH, Avalos BR et al. Blood advances (2024)
    5. [5]
      Nanoscale insights into hematology: super-resolved imaging on blood cell structure, function, and pathology. — Liu J, Tan YY, Zheng W, Wang Y, Ju LA, Su QP Journal of nanobiotechnology (2024)
    6. [6]
      Evaluating the impact of a year-long external mentorship pilot program in classical hematology. — Qureshy Z, Nair P, Vesely SK, King AA, Lee AI, Connell NT et al. Blood advances (2024)
    7. [7]
      Performance of digital morphology analyzer Medica EasyCell assistant. — Kim H, Lee GH, Yoon S, Hur M, Kim HN, Park M et al. Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine (2023)
    8. [8]
      Multicentre verification of haematology laboratory blood collection tubes during a global blood collection tube shortage. — Nell EM, Bailly J, Oelofse D, Linström M, Opie J, Chapanduka ZC et al. International journal of laboratory hematology (2023)
    9. [9]
      Detecting Preanalytical Errors Using Quality Indicators in a Hematology Laboratory. — Alshaghdali K, Alcantara TY, Rezgui R, Cruz CP, Alshammary MH, Almotairi YA et al. Quality management in health care (2022)
    10. [10]
      Pathology Residents as Testing Personnel in the Hematology Laboratory. — Cotta CV, Ondrejka SL, Nakashima MO, Theil KS Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine (2022)
    11. [11]
      Quality control validation for a veterinary laboratory network of six Sysmex XT-2000iV hematology analyzers. — Daly S, Graham PA, Freeman KP Veterinary clinical pathology (2022)
    12. [12]
      Drugs-associated with red man syndrome: An integrative approach using disproportionality analysis and Pharmip. — M Shaju A, Panicker N, Chandni V, Lakshmi Prasanna VM, Nair G, Subeesh V Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics (2022)
    13. [13]
      Evaluation of Sysmex XT-2000iV analyzer performance across a network of five veterinary laboratories using a commercially available quality control material. — Daly S, Freeman KP, Graham PA Veterinary clinical pathology (2021)
    14. [14]
      Comparison of different autoanalyzers for the determination of lymphocyte and neutrophil counts in mouse blood. — Gupta SK, Gohil D, Panigrahi GC, Vaykar S, Rane P, Chavan P et al. Drug metabolism and personalized therapy (2021)
    15. [15]
      Impact of managing affected results in haemolysed samples of an infant-maternity hospital using an unconventional approach. — Robbiano C, Birindelli S, Dolci A, Panteghini M Clinical biochemistry (2021)
    16. [16]
      Impact of Benign Hematology Didactic Lectures on In-service Exam in a Hematology-Oncology Fellowship Program: a Cross-sectional Longitudinal Study. — Lim MY, Greenberg CS Journal of cancer education : the official journal of the American Association for Cancer Education (2020)
    17. [17]
      Impact of the Hemostasis and Thrombosis Research Society trainee workshop in recruiting the next generation of nonmalignant hematologists. — Lim MY, Blaszczyk K, Jacobsen-Tews L, Mott L, Sarode R, Ziegler J et al. Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis (2020)
    18. [18]
      Impact of gender and caregiving responsibilities on academic success in hematology. — King AA, Vesely SK, Vettese E, Cook S, Cuker A, Stock W et al. Blood advances (2020)
    19. [19]
      Guidance for quality control practices and precision goals for CBCs based on IQMH patterns-of-practice survey. — Johnston A, Bourner G, Martin T, McFarlane A, Good D, Padmore R et al. International journal of laboratory hematology (2019)
    20. [20]
      Trends and factors affecting the US adult hematology workforce: a mixed methods study. — Sharma D, Wallace N, Levinsohn EA, Marshall AL, Kayoumi K, Madero J et al. Blood advances (2019)
    21. [21]
      Comparison of Different Small Clinical Hematology Laboratory Configurations With Focus on Remote Smear Imaging. — Stephens L, Bevins NJ, Bengtsson HI, Broome HE Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine (2019)
    22. [22]
      Conservation success story under poisoning threat. The Veterinary record (2018)
    23. [23]
      Brief history of the Asiatic International Society of Hematology: our roots of international cooperation with Asian countries. — Saito H, Hotta T, Naoe T International journal of hematology (2018)
    24. [24]
      Using Social Media at National Meetings in Hematology-Optimal Use, Tips, Strategies, and Limitations. — Logan AC Current hematologic malignancy reports (2017)
    25. [25]
      Combining Nordtest method and bootstrap resampling for measurement uncertainty estimation of hematology analytes in a medical laboratory. — Cui M, Xu L, Wang H, Ju S, Xu S, Jing R Clinical biochemistry (2017)
    26. [26]
      Objective evaluation of analyzer performance based on a retrospective meta-analysis of instrument validation studies: point-of-care hematology analyzers. — Cook AM, Moritz A, Freeman KP, Bauer N Veterinary clinical pathology (2017)
    27. [27]
      Using interactive multimedia e-Books for learning blood cell morphology in pediatric hematology. — Hsiao CC, Tiao MM, Chen CC BMC medical education (2016)
    28. [28]
      Quality requirements for veterinary hematology analyzers in small animals-a survey about veterinary experts' requirements and objective evaluation of analyzer performance based on a meta-analysis of method validation studies: bench top hematology analyzer. — Cook AM, Moritz A, Freeman KP, Bauer N Veterinary clinical pathology (2016)
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      Challenges in Measuring Benefit of Clinical Research Training Programs--the ASH Clinical Research Training Institute Example. — Sung L, Crowther M, Byrd J, Gitlin SD, Basso J, Burns L Journal of cancer education : the official journal of the American Association for Cancer Education (2015)
    30. [30]
      Social Media and the Practicing Hematologist: Twitter 101 for the Busy Healthcare Provider. — Thompson MA, Majhail NS, Wood WA, Perales MA, Chaboissier M Current hematologic malignancy reports (2015)
    31. [31]
      ICSH guidelines for the verification and performance of automated cell counters for body fluids. — Bourner G, De la Salle B, George T, Tabe Y, Baum H, Culp N et al. International journal of laboratory hematology (2014)
    32. [32]
      Wallace Coulter's life and his impact on the world. — Simson E International journal of laboratory hematology (2013)
    33. [33]
      Laboratory hematology in the history of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine. — Hoffmann JJ Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine (2013)
    34. [34]
      Initial results of a structured rotation in hematology and transfusion medicine for anesthesiology residents. — Rebel A, Hassan ZU, Boral L, Lin Y, DiLorenzo A, Schell RM Journal of clinical anesthesia (2011)
    35. [35]
      The color purple: from royalty to laboratory, with apologies to Malachowski. — Krafts KP, Hempelmann E, Oleksyn BJ Biotechnic & histochemistry : official publication of the Biological Stain Commission (2011)
    36. [36]
      Hematology grants workshop. — Williams DA Hematology. American Society of Hematology. Education Program (2010)
    37. [37]
      Pseudobasophilia and the Advia 120. — Gibbs G, Campbell G, Christie I Hematology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) (2009)
    38. [38]
      Erythrocyte-derived microvesicles may transfer phosphatidylserine to the surface of nucleated cells and falsely 'mark' them as apoptotic. — Liu R, Klich I, Ratajczak J, Ratajczak MZ, Zuba-Surma EK European journal of haematology (2009)
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      My passion and passages with red blood cells. — Hoffman JF Annual review of physiology (2008)
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      The American Society of Hematology: a success at age 50. — Jaffé ER, Kaushansky K Blood (2008)
    41. [41]
      Resident training in laboratory hematology. — Gurbuxani S, Miller JL Clinics in laboratory medicine (2007)
    42. [42]
      Guidelines for resident training in veterinary clinical pathology. II. Hematology. — Sharkey L, Wellman M, Christopher MM Veterinary clinical pathology (2006)
    43. [43]
      Virtual microscopy:applications to hematology. — Lee SH Laboratory hematology : official publication of the International Society for Laboratory Hematology (2005)
    44. [44]
      Circulation of core collection monographs in an academic medical library. — Schmidt CM, Eckerman NL Bulletin of the Medical Library Association (2001)
    45. [45]
      Peroxynitrite-dependent activation of src tyrosine kinases lyn and hck in erythrocytes is under mechanistically different pathways of redox control. — Mallozzi C, Di Stasi MA, Minetti M Free radical biology & medicine (2001)
    46. [46]
      Evaluation and additional recommendations for preparing a whole blood control material. — Fink NE, Fernández Alberti A, Crispini I, Cabutti NV, Mazziotta D Revista de saude publica (1998)
    47. [47]
      Evaluation of a haematological analyser (Sysmex F-800) with equine blood. — Pastor J, Cuenca R, Velarde R, Marco I, Viñas L, Lavín S Zentralblatt fur Veterinarmedizin. Reihe A (1998)
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      The AMUSE-environment: a didactical environment where active multimedia use stimulates expertise. — Veldeman F, Arien P, Pollaris P, Elen J, Willems JL, Boogaerts MA Medinfo. MEDINFO (1995)
    49. [49]
      Field evaluation of the NOVA Celltrak 12 hematology analyzer. — Johnson CL, Gerson B, Nunez M, Allam C American journal of clinical pathology (1994)
    50. [50]
      Selected red cell disorders. — Bayless PA Emergency medicine clinics of North America (1993)
    51. [51]
      A systems approach to assure optimal proficiency testing in the hematology laboratory. — Cembrowski GS, Engebretson MJ, Hackney JR, Carey RN Clinics in laboratory medicine (1993)
    52. [52]
      The first official meeting of the International Society for Experimental Hematology. — Bortin MM, Congdon CC Experimental hematology (1993)
    53. [53]
      Recommendations of the International Council for Standardization in Haematology for Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid Anticoagulation of Blood for Blood Cell Counting and Sizing. International Council for Standardization in Haematology: Expert Panel on Cytometry. American journal of clinical pathology (1993)
    54. [54]
      Overview of the red eye. — Judge J Journal of ophthalmic nursing & technology (1992)
    55. [55]
      The basics of blood cell counter. — Mukhopadhyay AK, Salam SR Indian journal of pathology & microbiology (1992)
    56. [56]
      Inservice education: a commitment to excellence. — Gagliardi K Canadian journal of medical technology (1991)
    57. [57]
      Random errors in haematology tests: a process control approach. — Houwen B Clinical and laboratory haematology (1990)
    58. [58]
      Quality control of multichannel haematology analysers: critique of current methods and the need for performance goals. — O'Sullivan MB Clinical and laboratory haematology (1990)
    59. [59]
      Development of a specific radioimmunoassay for the placental folate receptor and related high-affinity folate binding proteins in human tissues. — Antony AC, Verma RS, Kincade RS Analytical biochemistry (1987)
    60. [60]
      Standardization of the Romanowsky staining procedure: an overview. — Bentley SA, Marshall PN, Trobaugh FE Analytical and quantitative cytology (1980)
    61. [61]
      Chloride-bicarbonate exchange in human red cells measured using a stopped flow apparatus. — Lambert A, Lowe AG The Journal of physiology (1980)
    62. [62]
      Development and description of the "random duplicates" method of quality control for a hematology laboratory. — Carstairs KC, Peters E, Kuzin EJ American journal of clinical pathology (1977)
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