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Cardiology461 papers

Myxoma

Last edited: 4/23/2026

Overview

Cardiac myxoma is the most common benign primary cardiac tumor, typically arising in the left atrium and capable of causing systemic or cerebral embolization, leading to a wide range of clinical presentations including stroke, heart failure, and unexplained embolic events 6 1 3 7 20.

Diagnosis

Clinical Presentation: Symptoms vary widely, including embolic events (stroke, limb ischemia), constitutional symptoms (fatigue, weight loss), and heart failure 1 3 6 20 35.

Imaging: Echocardiography is crucial for diagnosis, often revealing a mobile mass within the atrium 6 7 17 27 37.

Coronary Angiography: Useful to exclude coronary artery disease and assess tumor vascularity 23 31 41.

Histopathology: Definitive diagnosis requires surgical excision and histopathological examination 8 49 59.

Additional Tests: Chest CT may detect myxomas indirectly through embolic phenomena 46.

Management

Surgical Excision: Gold standard treatment, often requiring median sternotomy or minimally invasive approaches 24 27 31 50 66.

Preoperative Assessment: Coronary angiography recommended to rule out coronary artery disease 23 41.

Postoperative Care: Monitoring for recurrence and managing complications such as arrhythmias or thromboembolic events 11 28 50.

Anticoagulation: Considered post-surgery to prevent thromboembolic complications, dose tailored based on individual risk factors 25 50.

Special Populations

Pregnancy: Management requires careful consideration of timing and minimally invasive techniques to avoid fetal harm 55.

Pediatrics: Rare but can present with atypical symptoms like supraventricular tachycardia or neurological manifestations 42 71.

Elderly: Increased risk of complications; multidisciplinary approach advised 66.

Comorbidities: Patients with antiphospholipid syndrome or protein C deficiency may require tailored anticoagulation strategies 1 25.

Key Recommendations

Surgical Excision is the definitive treatment for symptomatic cardiac myxomas to prevent embolic events and improve survival (Evidence: Strong 6 24 50).

Preoperative Coronary Angiography should be considered to exclude coronary artery disease and assess tumor vascularity (Evidence: Moderate 23 41).

Postoperative Anticoagulation should be individualized based on thromboembolic risk factors to prevent recurrence (Evidence: Moderate 25 50).

Minimally Invasive Approaches are increasingly preferred for resection, especially in selected cases, to reduce morbidity (Evidence: Expert opinion 24 27 31).

References

Showing 100 most recent of 276 indexed papers.

1 George SS, Adam B, Senaratne JM. Delayed diagnosis of recurrent embolic strokes from cardiac myxoma coexisting with antiphospholipid syndrome presenting as progressive cognitive decline. BMJ case reports 2026. link 2 Wei D, Wang X, Tian H, Li X, Xiang D, Shu Y. A retrospective investigation of varied dose of heparin for cardiopulmonary bypass for repair of cardiac myxomas. Perfusion 2025. link 3 Nelson J, Waters D, Gitto L. Sudden cardiac death due to an obstructive large right atrial myxoma. Forensic science, medicine, and pathology 2025. link 4 Kocher M, Scarlata M, Capuano P, Bonicolini E, Piacentini A, Asaro P et al.. Right Ventricular Myxoma Presenting in a Patient With Known Arteriovenous Malformations in the Brain: A Case Report. Annals of cardiac anaesthesia 2025. link 5 Yao Q, Zhan B, Liu H, Luo L, Tang L. Familial hereditary cardiac myxoma: report of three cases and literature review. BMC cardiovascular disorders 2025. link 6 Saad EA, Mukherjee T, Gandour G, Fatayerji N, Rammal A, Samuel P et al.. Cardiac myxomas: causes, presentations, diagnosis, and management. Irish journal of medical science 2024. link 7 Amemiya K, Yonemoto Y, Ishibashi-Ueda H, Matsumoto M, Ohta-Ogo K, Ikeda Y et al.. Morphological characteristics of cardiac myxoma causing embolism: a series of 40 years of experience at a single institute. Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology 2023. link 8 Stejskal V, Steiner I, Vobornik M. Cardiac myxoma with atypical cell population mimicking malignancy - a diagnostic pitfall. Cardiovascular pathology : the official journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Pathology 2023. link 9 Dimala CA, Oke I, Merechi F, Zimmerman RP. A 73-Year-Old Man with an Incidental Diagnosis of Deltoid Intramuscular Myxoma Following a History of Trauma. The American journal of case reports 2022. link 10 Clements MA, Gallagher S, Herrmann GE. Unexplained Gait and Balance Changes: A Case Report of Myxoma Mitigation in a Breast Reduction Patient. Workplace health & safety 2022. link 11 Yoon BH, Byun J, Kim M, Lee S, Park JC, Ahn JS et al.. The Influence of Neurological Disorders Before Cardiac Myxoma Surgery on the Rate of Postoperative Recurrences: Analysis of 317 Patients in a Single Center. World neurosurgery 2022. link 12 Mellish C, Côté É, Aburto E, Lichtenberger J. Mineralized, obstructive cardiac myxoma with chondroid differentiation in a cocker spaniel. The Canadian veterinary journal = La revue veterinaire canadienne 2022. link 13 Lee PT, Hong R, Pang PY, Chua YL, Ding ZP. Clinical presentation of cardiac myxoma in a Singapore national cardiac centre. Singapore medical journal 2021. link 14 Abdulmajid L, El Addouli H, Paelinck B, De Bock D. Natural Growth of Left Atrial Myxoma. The Annals of thoracic surgery 2021. link 15 Saadeh AM, Hijazi EM, Saadeh NA. Right Atrioventricular Myxoma Presenting with Recurrent Syncopal Attacks. The American journal of case reports 2021. link 16 Naser N, Hadziomerovic N, Bahram D, Kacila M, Pandur S. Giant Right Atrial Myxoma with Symptoms of Right Heart Failure. Medical archives (Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina) 2021. link 17 Khan Faisal AW, Riaz W, Naveed T, Iqbal MH, Hassan A, Ali SA. Tricuspid valve myxoma: An uncommon presentation of a common tumour. JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association 2021. link 18 Guner A, Bayram Z, Rabus MB, Kalkan S, Aguş HZ, Ozkan M. Recurrence of left atrial myxoma mimicking a mitral annuloplasty ring thrombosis. Journal of cardiac surgery 2020. link 19 Fernandes GC, Alejandro Pajares W, Amboss N, Salerno TA, Mendoza C. Right atrial myxoma with peripheral eosinophilia: Eosinophilia in cardiac myxoma. Journal of cardiac surgery 2020. link 20 Ho KKF, Barsoum R, Shepherd B, McGahan T. Bilateral acute lower limb ischemia secondary to complete embolization of cardiac myxoma. Journal of vascular surgery 2020. link 21 Azad S, Dutta N, Roy Chowdhuri K, Ramman TR, Chandra N, Radhakrishnan S et al.. Atypical Left Ventricular Myxoma: Unusual Echocardiographic and Histopathological Features. World journal for pediatric & congenital heart surgery 2020. link 22 Zhang S, Zhang Q, Yu H, Liu L, Sun R, Song X et al.. Neuroimaging characteristics and long-term prognosis of myxoma-related intracranial diseases. Neuroradiology 2020. link 23 Lee SY, Lee SH, Jung SM, Choi JH, Chon MK, Hwang KW et al.. Value of Coronary Angiography in the Cardiac Myxoma. Clinical anatomy (New York, N.Y.) 2020. link 24 Gaisendrees C, Mader N, Sabashnikov A, Schlachtenberger G, Suhr L, Wahlers T. Minimally invasive resection of a giant left atrial myxoma: a case report. Perfusion 2020. link 25 Son KH, Lee SI, Choi CH, Park KY, Park CH. A Rare Combination of CYP2C93/3 and VKORC1 1639AA in a Patient Who Had Myxoma and Thromboembolism. The Annals of thoracic surgery 2020. link 26 Agstam S, Kumar B, Dahiya N, Guleria VS. Giant right atrial myxoma presenting as right heart failure: a rare manifestation. BMJ case reports 2020. link 27 Bianchi G, Margaryan R, Kallushi E, Cerillo AG, Farneti PA, Pucci A et al.. Outcomes of Video-assisted Minimally Invasive Cardiac Myxoma Resection. Heart, lung & circulation 2019. link 28 Santillan A, Knopman J, Patsalides A, Pierre Gobin Y. Delayed intracranial aneurysm formation after cardiac myxoma resection: Report of two cases and review of the literature. Interventional neuroradiology : journal of peritherapeutic neuroradiology, surgical procedures and related neurosciences 2019. link 29 Ando T, Goto H, Date K, Okada H, Takeda M, Kasahara K. Recurrence of cardiac myxoma in the right atrium with Carney complex following resection of myxomas in both ventricles. General thoracic and cardiovascular surgery 2019. link 30 Kong X, Zhou M, Tu X, Wang J, Yao Y. Multiple Recurrent Cardiac Myxomas With Protein Kinase A Regulatory Subunit 1α Gene Mutation. The Annals of thoracic surgery 2019. link 31 Dong NG, Zhang KL, Wu L, Hong H. Right Anterolateral Minithoracotomy versus Median Sternotomy Approach for Resection of Left Atrial Myxoma. The Thoracic and cardiovascular surgeon 2018. link 32 Jia H, Xing Y, Zhang S, Wang Y. Hemodynamic management of a patient with a huge right atrium myxoma during thoracic vertebral surgery: A case report. Medicine 2018. link 33 Liu D, Dong R. Clinical manifestation and surgical treatment analysis of five cases with biatrial myxoma. International journal of cardiology 2017. link 34 Cottini M, Pergolini A, Zampi G, Buffa V, Pino PG, Polizzi V et al.. Posterior wall as atypical localization of left atrial myxoma : Diagnosis and management. Herz 2017. link 35 Lum CJ, Nguyen TV, Khan Z. A Case Report of a Left Atrial Mass: The Importance of a Detailed Physical Exam. Hawai'i journal of medicine & public health : a journal of Asia Pacific Medicine & Public Health 2017. link 36 Raut MS, Dubey S, Maheshwari A, Sharma M. LA mass shadow after removal of LA myxoma. Indian heart journal 2016. link 37 Pergolini A, Zampi G, Tinti MD, Pontillo D, Di Paolo B, Buffa V et al.. The Strange Case of the Infarcted Myxoma. Echocardiography (Mount Kisco, N.Y.) 2016. link 38 Huo Y, Zhao Q, Wang C, Zhao F, Du Y, Sun W. The involvement of myocyte enhancer factor 2D in regulating tumor biology of cardiac myxoma. Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine 2016. link 39 Essandoh M, Andritsos M, Kilic A, Crestanello J. Anesthetic Management of a Patient With a Giant Right Atrial Myxoma. Seminars in cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia 2016. link 40 Garcia-Carretero R, Vela BB, Martínez-Quesada G, San Jose Montano B. Demographic and clinical features of atrial myxomas: A case series analysis. Acute cardiac care 2016. link 41 Omar HR. The value of coronary angiography in the work-up of atrial myxomas. Herz 2015. link 42 Xu J, Gao Y, Li Y, Yu X, Guo S, Li M. Left atrial myoxma presenting as headache in the pediatric patient. The Journal of emergency medicine 2015. link 43 Di Vito A, Mignogna C, Donato G. The mysterious pathways of cardiac myxomas: a review of histogenesis, pathogenesis and pathology. Histopathology 2015. link 44 Seol SH, Kim DI, Jang JS, Yang TH, Kim DK, Kim DS. Left atrial myxoma presenting as paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. Heart, lung & circulation 2014. link 45 Gokhale S, Pfannl R, Ramos-Estebanez C. An unusual cause of stroke in a 55-year-old woman. The International journal of neuroscience 2014. link 46 Shin W, Choe YH, Kim SM, Song IY, Kim SS. Detection of cardiac myxomas with non-contrast chest CT. Acta radiologica (Stockholm, Sweden : 1987) 2014. link 47 Ishida N, Shimabukuro K, Matsuno Y, Arakawa Y, Takemura H. Tumorectomy with right thoracotomy for synchronous left atrial myxomas from Carney complex: report of a case. Surgery today 2014. link 48 Lloreta J, Juanpere N, Riverola A, Dallari D, Cañas MA, Pijuan L et al.. Cardiac myxoma with glandular differentiation: an immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study. Ultrastructural pathology 2013. link 49 Gošev I, Paić F, Durić Z, Gošev M, Ivčević S, Jakuš FB et al.. Cardiac myxoma the great imitators: comprehensive histopathological and molecular approach. International journal of cardiology 2013. link 50 Obrenović-Kirćanski B, Mikić A, Parapid B, Djukić P, Kanjuh V, Milić N et al.. A 30-year-single-center experience in atrial myxomas: from presentation to treatment and prognosis. The Thoracic and cardiovascular surgeon 2013. link 51 Schröder C, Leukhardt WH, Hsiao EM, Farah MG, Markowitz AH. Transaortic video-assisted resection of a recurrent left ventricular myxoma. The Annals of thoracic surgery 2013. link 52 Bartoloni G, Pucci A, Giorlandino A, Berretta M, Mignosa C, Italia F et al.. Incidental Epstein-Barr virus associated atypical lymphoid proliferation arising in a left atrial myxoma: a case of long survival without any postsurgical treatment and review of the literature. Cardiovascular pathology : the official journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Pathology 2013. link 53 Mai XL, Fan HJ, Li BX, Zhu B. Primary pulmonary artery myxoma: a rare case. Clinical imaging 2013. link 54 Xiao ZH, Hu J, Zhu D, Shi YK, Zhang EY. Tricuspid valve obstruction and right heart failure due to a giant right atrial myxoma arising from the superior vena cava. Journal of cardiothoracic surgery 2013. link 55 John AS, Connolly HM, Schaff HV, Klarich K. Management of cardiac myxoma during pregnancy: a case series and review of the literature. International journal of cardiology 2012. link 56 Andreou AY, Iakovou I, Dimopoulos AK, Karatasakis G, Anastasiou P, Vasiliadis I et al.. Complex coronary artery anatomy in a patient with prolapsing left atrial myxoma. Herz 2012. link 57 George KJ, Rennie A, Saxena A. Multiple cerebral aneurysms secondary to cardiac myxoma. British journal of neurosurgery 2012. link 58 Kshatriya S, Villarreal D, Liu K. Angina pectoris in a patient with protein C deficiency and deep vein thrombosis: thrombus versus myxoma?. Catheterization and cardiovascular interventions : official journal of the Society for Cardiac Angiography & Interventions 2012. link 59 Vaideeswar P, Gupta R, Mishra P, Lanjewar C, Raut A. Atypical cardiac myxomas: a clinicopathologic analysis and their comparison to 64 typical myxomas. Cardiovascular pathology : the official journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Pathology 2012. link 60 Kefeng Z, Dong X, Xuebin S, Yanhui L, Hongli L, Fei L et al.. Right ventricular and left atrial and left ventricular myxomas: report of a case. Surgery today 2012. link 61 Puskarz-Thomas S, Dettrick A, Pohlner PG. Cardiac myxoma with oncocytic change--cardiac oncocytoma?. Cardiovascular pathology : the official journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Pathology 2012. link 62 Uppin SG, Jambhekar N, Puri A, Kumar R, Agarwal M, Sanghvi D. Bone metastasis of glandular cardiac myxoma mimicking a metastatic carcinoma. Skeletal radiology 2011. link 63 Fernandez-del Palacio MJ, Sanchez J, Talavera J, Martínez C. Left ventricular inflow tract obstruction secondary to a myxoma in a dog. Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 2011. link 64 Tsang FH, Cheng LC. Giant myxoma causing right ventricular outflow tract obstruction. Hong Kong medical journal = Xianggang yi xue za zhi 2011. link 65 Santangeli P, Pieroni M, Marzo F, Frontera A, Vitulano N, Luciani N et al.. Cardiac myxoma presenting with sensory neuropathy. International journal of cardiology 2010. link 66 Cetin G, Gursoy M, Ugurlucan M, Uzunhasan I, Hatemi AC, Tireli E et al.. Single-institutional 22 years experience on cardiac myxomas. Angiology 2010. link 67 Jellis C, Hunter A, Sutton R. Multimodal imaging of an atrial myxoma. Cardiovascular pathology : the official journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Pathology 2009. link 68 Hill G, Castellino S, Williams D. Cardiac myxoma after treatment for childhood neuroblastoma. Pediatric cardiology 2009. link 69 Binning MJ, Sarfati MR, Couldwell WT. Embolic atrial myxoma causing aortic and carotid occlusion. Surgical neurology 2009. link 70 Donato G, Conforti F, Zuccalà V, Russo E, Maltese L, Perrotta I et al.. Expression of tenascin-c and CD44 receptors in cardiac myxomas. Cardiovascular pathology : the official journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Pathology 2009. link 71 Vermeulen T, Conraads VM, Vrints C, Rodrigus IE. Recurrent left ventricular myxoma presenting as cerebrovascular accidents in a teenage girl. Acta cardiologica 2009. link 72 Yin Z, Kirschner LS. The Carney complex gene PRKAR1A plays an essential role in cardiac development and myxomagenesis. Trends in cardiovascular medicine 2009. link 73 Cappell MS, Lapin S, Rose M. Large right atrial myxoma containing gastric heterotopia presenting with dyspnea and bilateral leg edema due to pulmonary emboli and cardiovascular obstruction: the first known report of gastric heterotopia in the cardiovascular system. Digestive diseases and sciences 2008. link 74 Ohgo T, Yamamoto K, Furuno T. Complete detachment of cardiac myxoma causing aortic saddle embolization and cerebral infarction. International journal of cardiology 2008. link 75 Ozdoğru I, Duran M, Sarli B, Oğuzhan A. Left atrial myxoma supplied by the circumflex coronary artery arising from the right sinus of Valsalva. Turk Kardiyoloji Dernegi arsivi : Turk Kardiyoloji Derneginin yayin organidir 2008. link 76 Milicevic G, Gavranovic Z, Cupic H, Cerovec D, Stipic H, Jukic M et al.. Unremitting embolus from cardiac myxoma at circumflex artery trifurcation. International journal of cardiology 2008. link 77 Butz T, Scholtz W, Körfer J, Maleszka A, Jategaonkar S, Meissner A et al.. Prolapsing left atrial myxoma: preoperative diagnosis using a multimodal imaging approach with magnetic resonance imaging and real-time three-dimensional echocardiography. European journal of echocardiography : the journal of the Working Group on Echocardiography of the European Society of Cardiology 2008. link 78 Yuce M, Dagdelen S, Ergelen M, Eren N, Caglar N. A huge obstructive myxoma located in the right heart without causing any symptom. International journal of cardiology 2007. link 79 Aggarwal SK, Barik R, Sarma TC, Iyer VR, Sai V, Mishra J et al.. Clinical presentation and investigation findings in cardiac myxomas: new insights from the developing world. American heart journal 2007. link 80 Namura O, Saitoh M, Moro H, Watanabe H, Sogawa M, Nishikura K et al.. A case of biatrial multiple myxomas with glandular structure. Annals of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery : official journal of the Association of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeons of Asia 2007. link 81 Dufková B, Málek I, Vymetalová Y, Hosková L, Skalský I, Pirk J et al.. Myxoma of donor origin in a transplanted heart. The Journal of heart and lung transplantation : the official publication of the International Society for Heart Transplantation 2007. link 82 Tansel T, Harmandar B, Ugurlucan M, Nisli K, Eker R, Sozen AB et al.. Over 14 years of experience with cardiac myxomas. Acta cardiologica 2006. link 83 Lad VS, Jain J, Agarwala S, Sinha VK, Khandekar JV, Agrawal NB et al.. Right atrial trans-septal approach for left atrial myxomas--nine-year experience. Heart, lung & circulation 2006. link 84 Zhao L, Lee KP, Hu J. Generating XML schemas for DICOM structured reporting templates. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA 2005. link 85 Alter P, Grimm W, Rominger MB, Ritter M, Klose KJ, Moosdorf R et al.. Right ventricular cardiac myxoma. Diagnostic usefulness of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Herz 2005. link 86 Nordstrand IA, Tam RK. Minimally invasive surgery for cardiac myxomas using an upper hemi-sternotomy and biatrial septal approach. Heart, lung & circulation 2005. link 87 Huang CY, Yu WC, Chen KC, Lin SJ. Coronary angiography of cardiac myxoma. Clinical cardiology 2005. link 88 Chu PH, Jung SM, Yeh TS, Lin HC, Chu JJ. MUC1, MUC2 and MUC5AC expressions in cardiac myxoma. Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology 2005. link 89 Altundag MB, Ertas G, Ucer AR, Durmus S, Abanuz H, Calikoğlu T et al.. Brain metastasis of cardiac myxoma: case report and review of the literature. Journal of neuro-oncology 2005. link 90 Sakamoto H, Sakamaki T, Sumino H, Sawada Y, Sato H, Sato M et al.. Production of endothelin-1 and big endothelin-1 by human cardiac myxoma cells--implications of the origin of myxomas--. Circulation journal : official journal of the Japanese Circulation Society 2004. link 91 Sughimoto K, Shiikawa A, Ohkado A, Nanaumi M. Multiple cardiac myxomas with pulmonary arterial obstruction and acute right heart failure. The Japanese journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery : official publication of the Japanese Association for Thoracic Surgery = Nihon Kyobu Geka Gakkai zasshi 2004. link 92 Kandutsch S, Javor A, Sedivy R. Myxoma valvulae arteriae pulmonalis described by Rokitansky: medicohistorical and clinicopathological aspects. Wiener klinische Wochenschrift 2004. link 93 Guden M, Akpinar B, Ergenoglu MU, Sagbas E, Sanisoglu I, Ozbek U. Combined radiofrequency ablation and myxoma resection through a port access approach. The Annals of thoracic surgery 2004. link01439-5) 94 Karachalios G, Bablekos G, Karachaliou I, Zoganas L, Charalabopoulos A, Charalabopoulos K. Left atrial myxoma prolapsing into the left ventricle. Case report and review of the literature. Chemotherapy 2004. link 95 Machida N, Hoshi K, Kobayashi M, Katsuda S, Yamane Y. Cardiac myxoma of the tricuspid valve in a dog. Journal of comparative pathology 2003. link00049-5) 96 Kuralay E, Cingöz F, Günay C, Demirkiliç U, Tatar H. Huge right atrial myxoma causing fixed tricuspid stenosis with constitutional symptoms. Journal of cardiac surgery 2003. link 97 Watanabe T, Minami K, Miyamoto A, Sugiyabu Y, Akita M, Nukariya M. Unusual growth of a left atrial myxoma complicated by a secundum atrial septal defect. Circulation journal : official journal of the Japanese Circulation Society 2003. link 98 Selkane C, Amahzoune B, Chavanis N, Raisky O, Robin J, Ninet J et al.. Changing management of cardiac myxoma based on a series of 40 cases with long-term follow-up. The Annals of thoracic surgery 2003. link01245-1) 99 Hermans K, Jaarsma W, Plokker HW, Cramer MJ, Morshuis WJ. Four cardiac myxomas diagnosed three times in one patient. European journal of echocardiography : the journal of the Working Group on Echocardiography of the European Society of Cardiology 2003. link00018-0) 100 O'Rourke F, Dean N, Mouradian MS, Akhtar N, Shuaib A. Atrial myxoma as a cause of stroke: case report and discussion. CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne 2003. link

Original source

[1]
Delayed diagnosis of recurrent embolic strokes from cardiac myxoma coexisting with antiphospholipid syndrome presenting as progressive cognitive decline. — George SS, Adam B, Senaratne JM BMJ case reports (2026)
[2]
A retrospective investigation of varied dose of heparin for cardiopulmonary bypass for repair of cardiac myxomas. — Wei D, Wang X, Tian H, Li X, Xiang D, Shu Y Perfusion (2025)
[3]
Sudden cardiac death due to an obstructive large right atrial myxoma. — Nelson J, Waters D, Gitto L Forensic science, medicine, and pathology (2025)
[4]
Right Ventricular Myxoma Presenting in a Patient With Known Arteriovenous Malformations in the Brain: A Case Report. — Kocher M, Scarlata M, Capuano P, Bonicolini E, Piacentini A, Asaro P et al. Annals of cardiac anaesthesia (2025)
[5]
Familial hereditary cardiac myxoma: report of three cases and literature review. — Yao Q, Zhan B, Liu H, Luo L, Tang L BMC cardiovascular disorders (2025)
[6]
Cardiac myxomas: causes, presentations, diagnosis, and management. — Saad EA, Mukherjee T, Gandour G, Fatayerji N, Rammal A, Samuel P et al. Irish journal of medical science (2024)
[7]
Morphological characteristics of cardiac myxoma causing embolism: a series of 40 years of experience at a single institute. — Amemiya K, Yonemoto Y, Ishibashi-Ueda H, Matsumoto M, Ohta-Ogo K, Ikeda Y et al. Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology (2023)
[8]
Cardiac myxoma with atypical cell population mimicking malignancy - a diagnostic pitfall. — Stejskal V, Steiner I, Vobornik M Cardiovascular pathology : the official journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Pathology (2023)
[9]
A 73-Year-Old Man with an Incidental Diagnosis of Deltoid Intramuscular Myxoma Following a History of Trauma. — Dimala CA, Oke I, Merechi F, Zimmerman RP The American journal of case reports (2022)
[10]
Unexplained Gait and Balance Changes: A Case Report of Myxoma Mitigation in a Breast Reduction Patient. — Clements MA, Gallagher S, Herrmann GE Workplace health & safety (2022)
[11]
The Influence of Neurological Disorders Before Cardiac Myxoma Surgery on the Rate of Postoperative Recurrences: Analysis of 317 Patients in a Single Center. — Yoon BH, Byun J, Kim M, Lee S, Park JC, Ahn JS et al. World neurosurgery (2022)
[12]
Mineralized, obstructive cardiac myxoma with chondroid differentiation in a cocker spaniel. — Mellish C, Côté É, Aburto E, Lichtenberger J The Canadian veterinary journal = La revue veterinaire canadienne (2022)
[13]
Clinical presentation of cardiac myxoma in a Singapore national cardiac centre. — Lee PT, Hong R, Pang PY, Chua YL, Ding ZP Singapore medical journal (2021)
[14]
Natural Growth of Left Atrial Myxoma. — Abdulmajid L, El Addouli H, Paelinck B, De Bock D The Annals of thoracic surgery (2021)
[15]
Right Atrioventricular Myxoma Presenting with Recurrent Syncopal Attacks. — Saadeh AM, Hijazi EM, Saadeh NA The American journal of case reports (2021)
[16]
Giant Right Atrial Myxoma with Symptoms of Right Heart Failure. — Naser N, Hadziomerovic N, Bahram D, Kacila M, Pandur S Medical archives (Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina) (2021)
[17]
Tricuspid valve myxoma: An uncommon presentation of a common tumour. — Khan Faisal AW, Riaz W, Naveed T, Iqbal MH, Hassan A, Ali SA JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association (2021)
[18]
Recurrence of left atrial myxoma mimicking a mitral annuloplasty ring thrombosis. — Guner A, Bayram Z, Rabus MB, Kalkan S, Aguş HZ, Ozkan M Journal of cardiac surgery (2020)
[19]
Right atrial myxoma with peripheral eosinophilia: Eosinophilia in cardiac myxoma. — Fernandes GC, Alejandro Pajares W, Amboss N, Salerno TA, Mendoza C Journal of cardiac surgery (2020)
[20]
Bilateral acute lower limb ischemia secondary to complete embolization of cardiac myxoma. — Ho KKF, Barsoum R, Shepherd B, McGahan T Journal of vascular surgery (2020)
[21]
Atypical Left Ventricular Myxoma: Unusual Echocardiographic and Histopathological Features. — Azad S, Dutta N, Roy Chowdhuri K, Ramman TR, Chandra N, Radhakrishnan S et al. World journal for pediatric & congenital heart surgery (2020)
[22]
Neuroimaging characteristics and long-term prognosis of myxoma-related intracranial diseases. — Zhang S, Zhang Q, Yu H, Liu L, Sun R, Song X et al. Neuroradiology (2020)
[23]
Value of Coronary Angiography in the Cardiac Myxoma. — Lee SY, Lee SH, Jung SM, Choi JH, Chon MK, Hwang KW et al. Clinical anatomy (New York, N.Y.) (2020)
[24]
Minimally invasive resection of a giant left atrial myxoma: a case report. — Gaisendrees C, Mader N, Sabashnikov A, Schlachtenberger G, Suhr L, Wahlers T Perfusion (2020)
[25]
A Rare Combination of CYP2C9*3/*3 and VKORC1 1639AA in a Patient Who Had Myxoma and Thromboembolism. — Son KH, Lee SI, Choi CH, Park KY, Park CH The Annals of thoracic surgery (2020)
[26]
Giant right atrial myxoma presenting as right heart failure: a rare manifestation. — Agstam S, Kumar B, Dahiya N, Guleria VS BMJ case reports (2020)
[27]
Outcomes of Video-assisted Minimally Invasive Cardiac Myxoma Resection. — Bianchi G, Margaryan R, Kallushi E, Cerillo AG, Farneti PA, Pucci A et al. Heart, lung & circulation (2019)
[28]
Delayed intracranial aneurysm formation after cardiac myxoma resection: Report of two cases and review of the literature. — Santillan A, Knopman J, Patsalides A, Pierre Gobin Y Interventional neuroradiology : journal of peritherapeutic neuroradiology, surgical procedures and related neurosciences (2019)
[29]
Recurrence of cardiac myxoma in the right atrium with Carney complex following resection of myxomas in both ventricles. — Ando T, Goto H, Date K, Okada H, Takeda M, Kasahara K General thoracic and cardiovascular surgery (2019)
[30]
Multiple Recurrent Cardiac Myxomas With Protein Kinase A Regulatory Subunit 1α Gene Mutation. — Kong X, Zhou M, Tu X, Wang J, Yao Y The Annals of thoracic surgery (2019)
[31]
Right Anterolateral Minithoracotomy versus Median Sternotomy Approach for Resection of Left Atrial Myxoma. — Dong NG, Zhang KL, Wu L, Hong H The Thoracic and cardiovascular surgeon (2018)
[32]
Hemodynamic management of a patient with a huge right atrium myxoma during thoracic vertebral surgery: A case report. — Jia H, Xing Y, Zhang S, Wang Y Medicine (2018)
[33]
Clinical manifestation and surgical treatment analysis of five cases with biatrial myxoma. — Liu D, Dong R International journal of cardiology (2017)
[34]
Posterior wall as atypical localization of left atrial myxoma : Diagnosis and management. — Cottini M, Pergolini A, Zampi G, Buffa V, Pino PG, Polizzi V et al. Herz (2017)
[35]
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Embolic atrial myxoma causing aortic and carotid occlusion. — Binning MJ, Sarfati MR, Couldwell WT Surgical neurology (2009)
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Large right atrial myxoma containing gastric heterotopia presenting with dyspnea and bilateral leg edema due to pulmonary emboli and cardiovascular obstruction: the first known report of gastric heterotopia in the cardiovascular system. — Cappell MS, Lapin S, Rose M Digestive diseases and sciences (2008)
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Left atrial myxoma supplied by the circumflex coronary artery arising from the right sinus of Valsalva. — Ozdoğru I, Duran M, Sarli B, Oğuzhan A Turk Kardiyoloji Dernegi arsivi : Turk Kardiyoloji Derneginin yayin organidir (2008)
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A huge obstructive myxoma located in the right heart without causing any symptom. — Yuce M, Dagdelen S, Ergelen M, Eren N, Caglar N International journal of cardiology (2007)
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MUC1, MUC2 and MUC5AC expressions in cardiac myxoma. — Chu PH, Jung SM, Yeh TS, Lin HC, Chu JJ Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology (2005)
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Multiple cardiac myxomas with pulmonary arterial obstruction and acute right heart failure. — Sughimoto K, Shiikawa A, Ohkado A, Nanaumi M The Japanese journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery : official publication of the Japanese Association for Thoracic Surgery = Nihon Kyobu Geka Gakkai zasshi (2004)
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Combined radiofrequency ablation and myxoma resection through a port access approach. — Guden M, Akpinar B, Ergenoglu MU, Sagbas E, Sanisoglu I, Ozbek U The Annals of thoracic surgery (2004)
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Cardiac myxoma of the tricuspid valve in a dog. — Machida N, Hoshi K, Kobayashi M, Katsuda S, Yamane Y Journal of comparative pathology (2003)
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Huge right atrial myxoma causing fixed tricuspid stenosis with constitutional symptoms. — Kuralay E, Cingöz F, Günay C, Demirkiliç U, Tatar H Journal of cardiac surgery (2003)
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Changing management of cardiac myxoma based on a series of 40 cases with long-term follow-up. — Selkane C, Amahzoune B, Chavanis N, Raisky O, Robin J, Ninet J et al. The Annals of thoracic surgery (2003)
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Four cardiac myxomas diagnosed three times in one patient. — Hermans K, Jaarsma W, Plokker HW, Cramer MJ, Morshuis WJ European journal of echocardiography : the journal of the Working Group on Echocardiography of the European Society of Cardiology (2003)
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