← Back to guidelines
Infectious Disease1905 papers

Infectious pancreatitis

Last edited: 4/23/2026

Overview

Infectious pancreatitis refers to pancreatitis exacerbated or caused by infectious agents such as bacteria, viruses, or parasites. It often complicates systemic infections and can present with typical pancreatitis symptoms alongside signs of infection 1829.

Diagnosis

  • Clinical presentation includes acute abdominal pain, elevated serum amylase and lipase levels 18.
  • Imaging studies (CT, MRI) may reveal characteristic pancreatic inflammation 18.
  • Blood cultures and imaging to identify the infectious agent are crucial 18.
  • Specific serology or stool/urine tests depending on suspected pathogens 18.
  • Elevated inflammatory markers support the diagnosis 18.
  • Management

  • Antibiotics: Targeted therapy based on culture and sensitivity results; broad-spectrum initially if causative agent is unknown 18.
  • Supportive Care: Fluid resuscitation, pain management, and nutritional support 18.
  • Source Control: Addressing any underlying infection source (e.g., abscess drainage) 18.
  • Monitoring: Close monitoring of organ function, especially renal and respiratory status 18.
  • Special Populations

  • Pediatrics: Specific antibiotic dosing and monitoring for side effects are critical; consider pediatric-specific guidelines 9.
  • Elderly: Increased vigilance for complications and comorbidities; tailored supportive care 18.
  • Comorbidities: Management must consider concurrent conditions; adjust antibiotic choices and supportive measures accordingly 18.
  • Key Recommendations

  • Initiate broad-spectrum antibiotics immediately in suspected infectious pancreatitis until culture results guide targeted therapy (Evidence: Moderate 18).
  • Perform imaging studies (CT, MRI) to assess pancreatic inflammation and identify potential infectious sources (Evidence: Moderate 18).
  • Implement rigorous supportive care measures including fluid resuscitation and pain management (Evidence: Expert opinion 18).
  • Address and treat any identified source of infection (e.g., abscess) to improve outcomes (Evidence: Moderate 18).
  • Tailor management strategies for special populations like pediatric and elderly patients, considering specific vulnerabilities (Evidence: Expert opinion 918).
  • References

    Showing 100 most recent of 475 indexed papers.

    1 José Álvarez García F, Iofrío de Arce A, Álvarez Aldeán J, Garrote Llanos E, López Granados L, Navarro Gómez ML et al.. Vaccination and immunization schedule of the Pediatric Spanish Association: 2026 recommendations. Anales de pediatria 2026. link 2 Vyas JM, Feys S, Mansour MK, Wauters J, van de Veerdonk FL. The Changing Paradigm in Infectious Diseases-Host-Directed Medicine: Implications for the Next Generation of ID Physicians. The Journal of infectious diseases 2026. link 3 Freyer FJ. Public Health Experts Worried About U.S. Withdrawal from the WHO. The American journal of nursing 2026. link 4 Zuckerman M, Watkins D, White M, Chambers M, Pilkinton H, Rounds L. Applications of epidemiologic transition theory to modern infectious disease medicine and epidemiology. Annals of human biology 2026. link 5 Wen Y, Yang J, Ge T, Huang Y, Wang H. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices and associated factors of hematology nurses on preventing and controlling multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) infections. American journal of infection control 2026. link 6 Miles S, Mourglia-Ettlin G, Chabalgoity JA. Applied immunoinformatics in modern vaccine design: a comprehensive review of available computational tools. Vaccine 2026. link 7 Caliman-Sturdza OA, Gheorghita RE, Soldanescu I, Dimian M, Mangul S. Vitamin D in Infectious Diseases: A Narrative Review Focusing on COVID-19, Long COVID, and Influenza. Nutrients 2026. link 8 Vaillant T, Compère V, Chaumont C, Clavier T, Lefevre-Scelles A. Teaching infectiology through electronic adaptative flashcards on mobile phones to medical residents: randomized controlled trial. BMC medical education 2025. link 9 Álvarez García FJ, Iofrío de Arce A, Álvarez Aldeán J, Garrote Llanos E, López Granados L, Navarro Gómez ML et al.. Immunisation schedule of the Pediatric Spanish Association: 2024 recommendations. Anales de pediatria 2025. link 10 Salmanton-García J, Guerra Maio A, Stahl JP, de Barra E, Jensen-Fangel S, Torti C et al.. Specialist training in infectious diseases in Europe. Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 2025. link 11 Telchik C, Peterson CJ, Yakubik T, Park S, Baffoe-Bonnie A, Sisco L. Gauging Medical Students' Interests in Infectious Diseases. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2025. link 12 Khan MA. Blazing the Trail for Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases: Why Microbial Infection Imaging Should Be a Pressing Priority in Pakistan. Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP 2025. link 13 Pariente N. Vaccines work… and do not cause autism. PLoS biology 2025. link 14 Durrheim DN. Broad benefits of the COVID-19 pandemic response. Science (New York, N.Y.) 2025. link 15 Öncü S, Erdem H, Tufan ZK, Al-Abri SS, Al Maslamani M, Alramahi JW et al.. Bridging continents: postgraduate infectious diseases training programs from central Europe to Southeast Asia. Infection 2025. link 16 Sattler MM, Ristagno EH, Boguniewicz J, Fatemi Y, Jamal H, Cruz-Vidal D et al.. Improving Preparatory Materials for the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Initial Certifying Exam: A Targeted Needs Assessment. Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society 2025. link 17 Dwyer AC, Elward AM, Dehority WN, Kainth MK, Schein RS, Schutze GE et al.. Analyzing the Practice of Pediatric Infectious Diseases to Identify the Knowledge Tested on ABP Board Certification Exams. Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society 2025. link 18 Vogel G. New study fuels debate over lifesaving antibiotic strategy for children in Africa. Science (New York, N.Y.) 2025. link 19 Hansen A, Day G, Wehrli M, Eichelberger L. Modular decentralized water system associated with improved child health and increased in-home water use in remote Alaska Native communities. Journal of water and health 2025. link 20 Ayling K, Vedhara K, Fairclough L. Measuring Vaccine Responses in the Multiplex Era. Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) 2025. link 21 Kettler A, Claudius I. Pediatric High-Risk Conditions. Emergency medicine clinics of North America 2025. link 22 Sharifan A, Abdulazeem H, Meckawy R, Pianta MS, Abdelwahab MM, Halder A et al.. Appraisal of World Health Organization guidelines for priority infectious diseases with potential to cause public health emergencies. Public health 2025. link 23 Bontsevich RA, Zarudskaya OM, Adonina AV. Doctors' preferences in the choice of antibacterial drugs in pregnant women (PIKAP study). The International journal of risk & safety in medicine 2025. link 24 Das JK, Salam RA, Padhani ZA, Rizvi A, Mirani M, Jamali MK et al.. An innovative Community Mobilisation and Community Incentivisation for child health in rural Pakistan (CoMIC): a cluster-randomised, controlled trial. The Lancet. Global health 2025. link00428-5) 25 Coleman M, Khan PY, Linde L, Williams PCM, Marais BJ. Transgression of planetary boundaries and the effects on child health through an infectious diseases lens. Current opinion in pediatrics 2025. link 26 Murugan A, Ramakrishnan J, Chinnakali P, Subramanian S, Ramasamy K, Roy G. Do Private Practitioners in Puducherry, South India, Adhere to World Health Organization Drug Prescribing Standards? Need for Antimicrobial Stewardship in Private Sector. Indian journal of public health 2025. link 27 Bueno SM, González PA, Kalergis AM. Strengthening cGMP capabilities for microbiology and immunology clinical research in South America. Trends in microbiology 2025. link 28 Coste A, Wong AYS, Haguinet F, Bate A, Douglas IJ. Performance of the Self-Controlled Case Series With Active Comparators for Drug Safety Signal Detection Using Merative MarketScan Research Databases. Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety 2025. link 29 Wodi AP, Murthy N, McNally VV, Daley MF, Cineas S. Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices Recommended Immunization Schedule for Children and Adolescents Aged 18 Years or Younger - United States, 2024. MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report 2024. link 30 Schoffelen T, Papan C, Carrara E, Eljaaly K, Paul M, Keuleyan E et al.. European society of clinical microbiology and infectious diseases guidelines for antimicrobial stewardship in emergency departments (endorsed by European association of hospital pharmacists). Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 2024. link 31 Wolie ZT, Roberts JA, Wale YM, Unwin S, McCarthy K, Sime FB. Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy with carbapenems: A systematic review. The Journal of infection 2024. link 32 Marcus JE, Yun HC, Barsoumian AE. The Impact of Infectious Diseases Scholarly Mentorship on Subsequent Infectious Disease Fellowship Application. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2024. link 33 Khodadadi RB, Yetmar ZA, Domonoske CL, Razonable RR. Factors associated with infectious diseases fellowship academic success. Medical education online 2024. link 34 Sakoulas G. Waning Interest in Infectious Diseases Among Trainees: Is Medicine Pulling the Goalie?. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2024. link 35 Vogel G. 'America first' could affect health worldwide. Science (New York, N.Y.) 2024. link 36 Saitoh A, Nishiya K, Miyairi I, Shoji K, Ishiwada N, Katayose M et al.. Launch of Board Certification in Pediatric Infectious Diseases in Japan. The Pediatric infectious disease journal 2024. link 37 Naureckas Li C, Jhaveri R. Funding and Resourcing Quality Improvement Effort in Infectious Diseases. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2024. link 38 Hsueh K, Teherani A, Guzman-Cottrill JA. The Leaders in Epidemiology, Antimicrobial Stewardship, and Public Health (LEAP) Fellowship, a Novel Training Program in Public Health for Infectious Diseases Physicians. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2024. link 39 Hoekstra BE, Feliciano CS, Nascimento RT, Bollela VR. Progress test as an assessment for learning approach in an Infectious Diseases Residency Program: a case study. The Brazilian journal of infectious diseases : an official publication of the Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases 2024. link 40 . Position of the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the HIV Medicine Association on Team-based Infectious Diseases Care and the Roles of Advanced Practice Providers and Clinical Pharmacists. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2024. link 41 Pulendran B. Integrated organ immunity: a path to a universal vaccine. Nature reviews. Immunology 2024. link 42 Brehm TT, Matthews H, Hennigs A. [Emergencies in infectious diseases]. Innere Medizin (Heidelberg, Germany) 2024. link 43 Brehm TT, Matthews H, Hennigs A. [Emergencies in infectious diseases]. Medizinische Klinik, Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin 2024. link 44 McKnight CJ, Aboushady AT, Lane CR. Beyond early warning: towards greater granularity in the use of event-based surveillance for public health emergencies. BMC public health 2024. link 45 Hassan M, Jamal D, El-Jardali F. A closer look at the international health regulations capacities in Lebanon: a mixed method study. BMC health services research 2024. link 46 Campbell JR, Umenita Imo B, Asare C, Shaikh UR, Jaguan D, Thakker S et al.. Visual Learning Equity Initiative Enhances Preclinical Dermatologic Image Representation: A Cross-Sectional Study. Journal of drugs in dermatology : JDD 2024. link 47 Kelly MS, Cataldi JR, Schlaudecker EP, Shah SS, Vinci RJ, Myers AL. Child Health Needs and the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Workforce: 2020-2040. Pediatrics 2024. link 48 Cakmak HM, Kocabay K, Temizkan RC, Turay S, Ozde S, Kurt F et al.. Refugee and asylum-seeker children and health problems in the city of Duzce, Türkiye. Child: care, health and development 2024. link 49 Torres-Fernandez D, Dalsuco J, Bramugy J, Bassat Q, Varo R. Innovative strategies for the surveillance, prevention, and management of pediatric infections applied to low-income settings. Expert review of anti-infective therapy 2024. link 50 Shareef J, Sridhar SB, Ahmad Ismail AN, Rao PGM, Ain Ur R. Assessment of potential drug-drug interactions in hospitalized patients with infectious diseases: an experience from a secondary care hospital. F1000Research 2024. link 51 Popov A, Ramanaviciene A. Special Issue "Immunoanalytical and Bioinformatics Methods in Immunology Research". International journal of molecular sciences 2024. link 52 Gray CM, Borger JG. The immunology ecosystem in South Africa: striking an equitable balance between fostering discovery, promoting translation and capacity building. Immunology and cell biology 2024. link 53 Bruce AA, Umesi AO, Bashorun A, Ochoge M, Yisa M, Obayemi-Ajiboye D et al.. Collecting and reporting adverse events in low-income settings-perspectives from vaccine trials in the Gambia. Trials 2024. link 54 Yao H, Wang Y, Peng Y, Huang Z, Gan G, Wang Z. A Real-World Pharmacovigilance Study of Ceftazidime/Avibactam: Data Mining of the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System Database. Journal of clinical pharmacology 2024. link 55 Gras E, Tran Y, Kably B, Lillo-Lelouet A, Caruba T, Sabatier B et al.. Prospective assessment of the frequency of and risk factors for bleeding events in patients treated with cefazolin. Infection 2024. link 56 Sharieff GQ, Uejo C. Sprint Team Approach Yields Rapid Improvement in Leapfrog Quality Indicators. Journal of healthcare management / American College of Healthcare Executives 2024. link 57 Wodi AP, Murthy N, McNally V, Cineas S, Ault K. Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices Recommended Immunization Schedule for Children and Adolescents Aged 18 Years or Younger - United States, 2023. MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report 2023. link 58 Zarrabi A, Caldera F, Trotta F. Materials for Infectious Diseases. International journal of molecular sciences 2023. link 59 von Both U, Adam D, Hübner J. Walter Marget and a brief history of paediatric infectious diseases in Munich, Germany. Infection 2023. link 60 Cohen J. Flight risks. Science (New York, N.Y.) 2023. link 61 Khoja A, Ali NA, Kazim F. Flood in Pakistan and Infectious Diseases - The Way Forward. Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP 2023. link 62 . Anthony Fauci: a scientific adviser's role from HIV to COVID-19. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 2023. link 63 Tripathi T. Advances in vaccines: revolutionizing disease prevention. Scientific reports 2023. link 64 Swartz TH, Aberg JA. Preserving the Future of Infectious Diseases: Why We Must Address the Decline in Compensation for Clinicians and Researchers. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2023. link 65 Thomas SJ, Anderson MS, Adderson EE, Edgar L, Curtis D, Dong SW et al.. Pediatric Infectious Diseases Milestones: A Step in the Right Direction to Evaluate Subspecialty Learners. Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society 2023. link 66 Dutra VF, Bonet-Bub C, Sakashita AM, Kutner JM. Infectious diseases and the impact on transfusion medicine: A historical review and lessons for the future. Transfusion clinique et biologique : journal de la Societe francaise de transfusion sanguine 2023. link 67 Neyton LPA, Langelier CR, Calfee CS. Metagenomic Sequencing in the ICU for Precision Diagnosis of Critical Infectious Illnesses. Critical care (London, England) 2023. link 68 Büttner LC, Schroth M. [Pediatric infectious emergencies-from febrile seizure to purpura fulminans]. Medizinische Klinik, Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin 2023. link 69 Camará M, da Costa FP, Chambe G, Betunde A, Cardoso P, Johnson K et al.. Strengthening surveillance, disease detection, and outbreak response through Guinea-Bissau's Frontline Field Epidemiology Training Program: a cross-sectional descriptive study. The Pan African medical journal 2023. link 70 Koua EL, Njingang JRN, Kimenyi JP, Williams GS, Okeibunor J, Oka S et al.. Trends in public health emergencies in the WHO African Region: an analysis of the past two decades public health events from 2001 to 2022. BMJ global health 2023. link 71 Bassat Q, Blau DM, Ogbuanu IU, Samura S, Kaluma E, Bassey IA et al.. Causes of Death Among Infants and Children in the Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance (CHAMPS) Network. JAMA network open 2023. link 72 Alves APB, Aredes NDA, Silva GO, Oliveira FDS, Fonseca LMM, Ribeiro LM. Nurseped: educational technology for safety in the management of intravenous antibiotics in pediatrics. Revista latino-americana de enfermagem 2023. link 73 Mizuma K, Amitani M, Ibusuki R, Owaki T. Development, implementation, and evaluation of a local community-based ophthalmology sentinel surveillance system in a remote rural area in Japan. Rural and remote health 2023. link 74 Lee KC, Kim JS, Kwak YS. Relation of pandemics with solar cycles through ozone, cloud seeds, and vitamin D. Environmental science and pollution research international 2023. link 75 Feitosa Ramos S, de Barros Fernandes T, Carlos Araújo D, Rodrigues Furtado Leitzke L, Gomes Alexandre Júnior R, Morais de Araújo J et al.. Adverse Drug Reactions to Anti-infectives in Hospitalized Children: A Multicenter Study in Brazil. Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society 2023. link 76 Liu J, Zhang Q, Dong YQ, Yin J, Qiu YQ. Diagnostic accuracy of metagenomic next-generation sequencing in diagnosing infectious diseases: a meta-analysis. Scientific reports 2022. link 77 Vignier N, Halley des Fontaines V, Billette de Villemeur A, Cazenave-Roblot F, Hoen B, Chauvin F et al.. Public health issues and health rendezvous for migrants from conflict zones in Ukraine: A French practice guideline. Infectious diseases now 2022. link 78 Siddiqui FA, Padhani ZA, Salam RA, Aliani R, Lassi ZS, Das JK et al.. Interventions to Improve Immunization Coverage Among Children and Adolescents: A Meta-analysis. Pediatrics 2022. link 79 Plotkin SA. Recent updates on correlates of vaccine-induced protection. Frontiers in immunology 2022. link 80 Dulacha D, Ramadan OPC, Guyo AG, Maleghemi S, Wamala JF, Gimba WGW et al.. Use of mobile medical teams to fill critical gaps in health service delivery in complex humanitarian settings, 2017-2020: a case study of South Sudan. The Pan African medical journal 2022. link 81 Ario AR, Makumbi I, Kadobera D, Bulage L, Ocom F, Kwesiga B et al.. Uganda National Institute of Public Health: Establishment and Experiences, 2013-2021. Global health, science and practice 2022. link 82 Fischer LJ, Rains RC, Brett-Major SM, Senga M, Holden D, Brett-Major DM. Fielding vaccines-challenges and opportunities in outbreaks, complex emergencies, and mass gatherings. Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics 2022. link 83 Zhao YZ, Li TT, Fu W. Impact of Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs on Antibiotic Use and Drug Resistance: Analysis of Data from Maternal and Child Health Care Hospitals in Hubei Province, China. Current medical science 2022. link 84 Missaghi B, Malik MW, Shaukat W, Ranjha MA, Ikram A, Barkema HW. Associations of the COVID-19 pandemic with the reported incidence of important endemic infectious disease agents and syndromes in Pakistan. BMC infectious diseases 2022. link 85 Advani SD, Schmader KE, Mody L. Clin-Star corner: What's new at the interface of geriatrics, infectious diseases, and antimicrobial stewardship. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2022. link 86 Chiang TT, Huang TW, Sun JR, Kuo SC, Cheng A, Liu CP et al.. Biofilm formation is not an independent risk factor for mortality in patients with . Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology 2022. link 87 Locke L, Dada O, Shedd JS. Aerosol Transmission of Infectious Disease and the Efficacy of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): A Systematic Review. Journal of occupational and environmental medicine 2021. link 88 Ghayda RA, Han CH, Lee KH, Kim JS, Kim SE, Hong SH et al.. The effect of statins on mortality among patients with infection: umbrella review of meta-analyses. European review for medical and pharmacological sciences 2021. link 89 Sayıner AA, Ergönül E. E-learning in clinical microbiology and infectious diseases. Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 2021. link 90 Beeching NJ, Rautelin H, Stahl JP, Leegaard TM. Training and assessment of medical specialists in clinical microbiology and infectious diseases in Europe. Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 2021. link 91 Filipczak N, Yalamarty SSK, Li X, Parveen F, Torchilin V. Developments in Treatment Methodologies Using Dendrimers for Infectious Diseases. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) 2021. link 92 Last K, Power NR, Dellière S, Velikov P, Šterbenc A, Antunovic IA et al.. Future developments in training. Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 2021. link 93 Brockhoff RA, Hicks SR, Salmanton-García J, Dušek D, Stahl JP, Beeching NJ et al.. Training in infectious diseases across Europe in 2021 - a survey on training delivery, content and assessment. Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 2021. link 94 Gonzalez BE, Sabella C, Esper FP, Daniels HL, Saracusa C, Boutros J et al.. Physician-to-Physician Electronic Consultation: A Tool for the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Specialist to Document Encounters and Quantify Effort. Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society 2021. link 95 Asmal I, Syarif E, Amin S. The climate influence on the way and place of childcare and its impact on children's health. Gaceta sanitaria 2021. link 96 Chen CC, Whitehead A. Emerging and Re-emerging Infections in Children: COVID/ MIS-C, Zika, Ebola, Measles, Varicella, Pertussis ... Immunizations. Emergency medicine clinics of North America 2021. link 97 Chadwick S, Townes DA, Perrone LA. Utility of Point of Care and Rapid Diagnostics in Humanitarian Emergencies. The journal of applied laboratory medicine 2021. link 98 Oyebanji O, Ibrahim Abba F, Akande OW, Aniaku EC, Abubakar A, Oladejo J et al.. Building local capacity for emergency coordination: establishment of subnational Public Health Emergency Operations Centres in Nigeria. BMJ global health 2021. link 99 Dawson-Hahn EE, Pidaparti V, Hahn W, Stauffer W. Global mobility, travel and migration health: clinical and public health implications for children and families. Paediatrics and international child health 2021. link 100 Zheng C, Karkey A, Wang T, Makuka G, van Doorn HR, Lewycka S. Determinants and patterns of antibiotic consumption for children under five in Nepal: analysis and modelling of Demographic Health Survey data from 2006 to 2016. Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH 2021. link

    Original source

    1. [1]
      Vaccination and immunization schedule of the Pediatric Spanish Association: 2026 recommendations.José Álvarez García F, Iofrío de Arce A, Álvarez Aldeán J, Garrote Llanos E, López Granados L, Navarro Gómez ML et al. Anales de pediatria (2026)
    2. [2]
      The Changing Paradigm in Infectious Diseases-Host-Directed Medicine: Implications for the Next Generation of ID Physicians.Vyas JM, Feys S, Mansour MK, Wauters J, van de Veerdonk FL The Journal of infectious diseases (2026)
    3. [3]
      Public Health Experts Worried About U.S. Withdrawal from the WHO.Freyer FJ The American journal of nursing (2026)
    4. [4]
      Applications of epidemiologic transition theory to modern infectious disease medicine and epidemiology.Zuckerman M, Watkins D, White M, Chambers M, Pilkinton H, Rounds L Annals of human biology (2026)
    5. [5]
    6. [6]
    7. [7]
      Vitamin D in Infectious Diseases: A Narrative Review Focusing on COVID-19, Long COVID, and Influenza.Caliman-Sturdza OA, Gheorghita RE, Soldanescu I, Dimian M, Mangul S Nutrients (2026)
    8. [8]
      Teaching infectiology through electronic adaptative flashcards on mobile phones to medical residents: randomized controlled trial.Vaillant T, Compère V, Chaumont C, Clavier T, Lefevre-Scelles A BMC medical education (2025)
    9. [9]
      Immunisation schedule of the Pediatric Spanish Association: 2024 recommendations.Álvarez García FJ, Iofrío de Arce A, Álvarez Aldeán J, Garrote Llanos E, López Granados L, Navarro Gómez ML et al. Anales de pediatria (2025)
    10. [10]
      Specialist training in infectious diseases in Europe.Salmanton-García J, Guerra Maio A, Stahl JP, de Barra E, Jensen-Fangel S, Torti C et al. Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (2025)
    11. [11]
      Gauging Medical Students' Interests in Infectious Diseases.Telchik C, Peterson CJ, Yakubik T, Park S, Baffoe-Bonnie A, Sisco L Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America (2025)
    12. [12]
      Blazing the Trail for Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases: Why Microbial Infection Imaging Should Be a Pressing Priority in Pakistan.Khan MA Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP (2025)
    13. [13]
      Vaccines work… and do not cause autism.Pariente N PLoS biology (2025)
    14. [14]
      Broad benefits of the COVID-19 pandemic response.Durrheim DN Science (New York, N.Y.) (2025)
    15. [15]
      Bridging continents: postgraduate infectious diseases training programs from central Europe to Southeast Asia.Öncü S, Erdem H, Tufan ZK, Al-Abri SS, Al Maslamani M, Alramahi JW et al. Infection (2025)
    16. [16]
      Improving Preparatory Materials for the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Initial Certifying Exam: A Targeted Needs Assessment.Sattler MM, Ristagno EH, Boguniewicz J, Fatemi Y, Jamal H, Cruz-Vidal D et al. Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society (2025)
    17. [17]
      Analyzing the Practice of Pediatric Infectious Diseases to Identify the Knowledge Tested on ABP Board Certification Exams.Dwyer AC, Elward AM, Dehority WN, Kainth MK, Schein RS, Schutze GE et al. Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society (2025)
    18. [18]
    19. [19]
    20. [20]
      Measuring Vaccine Responses in the Multiplex Era.Ayling K, Vedhara K, Fairclough L Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) (2025)
    21. [21]
      Pediatric High-Risk Conditions.Kettler A, Claudius I Emergency medicine clinics of North America (2025)
    22. [22]
      Appraisal of World Health Organization guidelines for priority infectious diseases with potential to cause public health emergencies.Sharifan A, Abdulazeem H, Meckawy R, Pianta MS, Abdelwahab MM, Halder A et al. Public health (2025)
    23. [23]
      Doctors' preferences in the choice of antibacterial drugs in pregnant women (PIKAP study).Bontsevich RA, Zarudskaya OM, Adonina AV The International journal of risk & safety in medicine (2025)
    24. [24]
      An innovative Community Mobilisation and Community Incentivisation for child health in rural Pakistan (CoMIC): a cluster-randomised, controlled trial.Das JK, Salam RA, Padhani ZA, Rizvi A, Mirani M, Jamali MK et al. The Lancet. Global health (2025)
    25. [25]
      Transgression of planetary boundaries and the effects on child health through an infectious diseases lens.Coleman M, Khan PY, Linde L, Williams PCM, Marais BJ Current opinion in pediatrics (2025)
    26. [26]
      Do Private Practitioners in Puducherry, South India, Adhere to World Health Organization Drug Prescribing Standards? Need for Antimicrobial Stewardship in Private Sector.Murugan A, Ramakrishnan J, Chinnakali P, Subramanian S, Ramasamy K, Roy G Indian journal of public health (2025)
    27. [27]
      Strengthening cGMP capabilities for microbiology and immunology clinical research in South America.Bueno SM, González PA, Kalergis AM Trends in microbiology (2025)
    28. [28]
    29. [29]
      Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices Recommended Immunization Schedule for Children and Adolescents Aged 18 Years or Younger - United States, 2024.Wodi AP, Murthy N, McNally VV, Daley MF, Cineas S MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report (2024)
    30. [30]
      European society of clinical microbiology and infectious diseases guidelines for antimicrobial stewardship in emergency departments (endorsed by European association of hospital pharmacists).Schoffelen T, Papan C, Carrara E, Eljaaly K, Paul M, Keuleyan E et al. Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (2024)
    31. [31]
      Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy with carbapenems: A systematic review.Wolie ZT, Roberts JA, Wale YM, Unwin S, McCarthy K, Sime FB The Journal of infection (2024)
    32. [32]
      The Impact of Infectious Diseases Scholarly Mentorship on Subsequent Infectious Disease Fellowship Application.Marcus JE, Yun HC, Barsoumian AE Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America (2024)
    33. [33]
      Factors associated with infectious diseases fellowship academic success.Khodadadi RB, Yetmar ZA, Domonoske CL, Razonable RR Medical education online (2024)
    34. [34]
      Waning Interest in Infectious Diseases Among Trainees: Is Medicine Pulling the Goalie?Sakoulas G Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America (2024)
    35. [35]
      'America first' could affect health worldwide.Vogel G Science (New York, N.Y.) (2024)
    36. [36]
      Launch of Board Certification in Pediatric Infectious Diseases in Japan.Saitoh A, Nishiya K, Miyairi I, Shoji K, Ishiwada N, Katayose M et al. The Pediatric infectious disease journal (2024)
    37. [37]
      Funding and Resourcing Quality Improvement Effort in Infectious Diseases.Naureckas Li C, Jhaveri R Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America (2024)
    38. [38]
      The Leaders in Epidemiology, Antimicrobial Stewardship, and Public Health (LEAP) Fellowship, a Novel Training Program in Public Health for Infectious Diseases Physicians.Hsueh K, Teherani A, Guzman-Cottrill JA Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America (2024)
    39. [39]
      Progress test as an assessment for learning approach in an Infectious Diseases Residency Program: a case study.Hoekstra BE, Feliciano CS, Nascimento RT, Bollela VR The Brazilian journal of infectious diseases : an official publication of the Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases (2024)
    40. [40]
    41. [41]
      Integrated organ immunity: a path to a universal vaccine.Pulendran B Nature reviews. Immunology (2024)
    42. [42]
      [Emergencies in infectious diseases].Brehm TT, Matthews H, Hennigs A Innere Medizin (Heidelberg, Germany) (2024)
    43. [43]
      [Emergencies in infectious diseases].Brehm TT, Matthews H, Hennigs A Medizinische Klinik, Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin (2024)
    44. [44]
    45. [45]
      A closer look at the international health regulations capacities in Lebanon: a mixed method study.Hassan M, Jamal D, El-Jardali F BMC health services research (2024)
    46. [46]
      Visual Learning Equity Initiative Enhances Preclinical Dermatologic Image Representation: A Cross-Sectional Study.Campbell JR, Umenita Imo B, Asare C, Shaikh UR, Jaguan D, Thakker S et al. Journal of drugs in dermatology : JDD (2024)
    47. [47]
      Child Health Needs and the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Workforce: 2020-2040.Kelly MS, Cataldi JR, Schlaudecker EP, Shah SS, Vinci RJ, Myers AL Pediatrics (2024)
    48. [48]
      Refugee and asylum-seeker children and health problems in the city of Duzce, Türkiye.Cakmak HM, Kocabay K, Temizkan RC, Turay S, Ozde S, Kurt F et al. Child: care, health and development (2024)
    49. [49]
      Innovative strategies for the surveillance, prevention, and management of pediatric infections applied to low-income settings.Torres-Fernandez D, Dalsuco J, Bramugy J, Bassat Q, Varo R Expert review of anti-infective therapy (2024)
    50. [50]
    51. [51]
      Special Issue "Immunoanalytical and Bioinformatics Methods in Immunology Research".Popov A, Ramanaviciene A International journal of molecular sciences (2024)
    52. [52]
    53. [53]
      Collecting and reporting adverse events in low-income settings-perspectives from vaccine trials in the Gambia.Bruce AA, Umesi AO, Bashorun A, Ochoge M, Yisa M, Obayemi-Ajiboye D et al. Trials (2024)
    54. [54]
    55. [55]
      Prospective assessment of the frequency of and risk factors for bleeding events in patients treated with cefazolin.Gras E, Tran Y, Kably B, Lillo-Lelouet A, Caruba T, Sabatier B et al. Infection (2024)
    56. [56]
      Sprint Team Approach Yields Rapid Improvement in Leapfrog Quality Indicators.Sharieff GQ, Uejo C Journal of healthcare management / American College of Healthcare Executives (2024)
    57. [57]
    58. [58]
      Materials for Infectious Diseases.Zarrabi A, Caldera F, Trotta F International journal of molecular sciences (2023)
    59. [59]
    60. [60]
      Flight risks.Cohen J Science (New York, N.Y.) (2023)
    61. [61]
      Flood in Pakistan and Infectious Diseases - The Way Forward.Khoja A, Ali NA, Kazim F Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP (2023)
    62. [62]
      Anthony Fauci: a scientific adviser's role from HIV to COVID-19. Bulletin of the World Health Organization (2023)
    63. [63]
      Advances in vaccines: revolutionizing disease prevention.Tripathi T Scientific reports (2023)
    64. [64]
      Preserving the Future of Infectious Diseases: Why We Must Address the Decline in Compensation for Clinicians and Researchers.Swartz TH, Aberg JA Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America (2023)
    65. [65]
      Pediatric Infectious Diseases Milestones: A Step in the Right Direction to Evaluate Subspecialty Learners.Thomas SJ, Anderson MS, Adderson EE, Edgar L, Curtis D, Dong SW et al. Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society (2023)
    66. [66]
      Infectious diseases and the impact on transfusion medicine: A historical review and lessons for the future.Dutra VF, Bonet-Bub C, Sakashita AM, Kutner JM Transfusion clinique et biologique : journal de la Societe francaise de transfusion sanguine (2023)
    67. [67]
      Metagenomic Sequencing in the ICU for Precision Diagnosis of Critical Infectious Illnesses.Neyton LPA, Langelier CR, Calfee CS Critical care (London, England) (2023)
    68. [68]
      [Pediatric infectious emergencies-from febrile seizure to purpura fulminans].Büttner LC, Schroth M Medizinische Klinik, Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin (2023)
    69. [69]
    70. [70]
      Trends in public health emergencies in the WHO African Region: an analysis of the past two decades public health events from 2001 to 2022.Koua EL, Njingang JRN, Kimenyi JP, Williams GS, Okeibunor J, Oka S et al. BMJ global health (2023)
    71. [71]
      Causes of Death Among Infants and Children in the Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance (CHAMPS) Network.Bassat Q, Blau DM, Ogbuanu IU, Samura S, Kaluma E, Bassey IA et al. JAMA network open (2023)
    72. [72]
      Nurseped: educational technology for safety in the management of intravenous antibiotics in pediatrics.Alves APB, Aredes NDA, Silva GO, Oliveira FDS, Fonseca LMM, Ribeiro LM Revista latino-americana de enfermagem (2023)
    73. [73]
    74. [74]
      Relation of pandemics with solar cycles through ozone, cloud seeds, and vitamin D.Lee KC, Kim JS, Kwak YS Environmental science and pollution research international (2023)
    75. [75]
      Adverse Drug Reactions to Anti-infectives in Hospitalized Children: A Multicenter Study in Brazil.Feitosa Ramos S, de Barros Fernandes T, Carlos Araújo D, Rodrigues Furtado Leitzke L, Gomes Alexandre Júnior R, Morais de Araújo J et al. Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society (2023)
    76. [76]
    77. [77]
      Public health issues and health rendezvous for migrants from conflict zones in Ukraine: A French practice guideline.Vignier N, Halley des Fontaines V, Billette de Villemeur A, Cazenave-Roblot F, Hoen B, Chauvin F et al. Infectious diseases now (2022)
    78. [78]
      Interventions to Improve Immunization Coverage Among Children and Adolescents: A Meta-analysis.Siddiqui FA, Padhani ZA, Salam RA, Aliani R, Lassi ZS, Das JK et al. Pediatrics (2022)
    79. [79]
      Recent updates on correlates of vaccine-induced protection.Plotkin SA Frontiers in immunology (2022)
    80. [80]
      Use of mobile medical teams to fill critical gaps in health service delivery in complex humanitarian settings, 2017-2020: a case study of South Sudan.Dulacha D, Ramadan OPC, Guyo AG, Maleghemi S, Wamala JF, Gimba WGW et al. The Pan African medical journal (2022)
    81. [81]
      Uganda National Institute of Public Health: Establishment and Experiences, 2013-2021.Ario AR, Makumbi I, Kadobera D, Bulage L, Ocom F, Kwesiga B et al. Global health, science and practice (2022)
    82. [82]
      Fielding vaccines-challenges and opportunities in outbreaks, complex emergencies, and mass gatherings.Fischer LJ, Rains RC, Brett-Major SM, Senga M, Holden D, Brett-Major DM Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics (2022)
    83. [83]
    84. [84]
      Associations of the COVID-19 pandemic with the reported incidence of important endemic infectious disease agents and syndromes in Pakistan.Missaghi B, Malik MW, Shaukat W, Ranjha MA, Ikram A, Barkema HW BMC infectious diseases (2022)
    85. [85]
      Clin-Star corner: What's new at the interface of geriatrics, infectious diseases, and antimicrobial stewardship.Advani SD, Schmader KE, Mody L Journal of the American Geriatrics Society (2022)
    86. [86]
      Biofilm formation is not an independent risk factor for mortality in patients with Chiang TT, Huang TW, Sun JR, Kuo SC, Cheng A, Liu CP et al. Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology (2022)
    87. [87]
      Aerosol Transmission of Infectious Disease and the Efficacy of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): A Systematic Review.Locke L, Dada O, Shedd JS Journal of occupational and environmental medicine (2021)
    88. [88]
      The effect of statins on mortality among patients with infection: umbrella review of meta-analyses.Ghayda RA, Han CH, Lee KH, Kim JS, Kim SE, Hong SH et al. European review for medical and pharmacological sciences (2021)
    89. [89]
      E-learning in clinical microbiology and infectious diseases.Sayıner AA, Ergönül E Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (2021)
    90. [90]
      Training and assessment of medical specialists in clinical microbiology and infectious diseases in Europe.Beeching NJ, Rautelin H, Stahl JP, Leegaard TM Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (2021)
    91. [91]
      Developments in Treatment Methodologies Using Dendrimers for Infectious Diseases.Filipczak N, Yalamarty SSK, Li X, Parveen F, Torchilin V Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) (2021)
    92. [92]
      Future developments in training.Last K, Power NR, Dellière S, Velikov P, Šterbenc A, Antunovic IA et al. Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (2021)
    93. [93]
      Training in infectious diseases across Europe in 2021 - a survey on training delivery, content and assessment.Brockhoff RA, Hicks SR, Salmanton-García J, Dušek D, Stahl JP, Beeching NJ et al. Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (2021)
    94. [94]
      Physician-to-Physician Electronic Consultation: A Tool for the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Specialist to Document Encounters and Quantify Effort.Gonzalez BE, Sabella C, Esper FP, Daniels HL, Saracusa C, Boutros J et al. Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society (2021)
    95. [95]
    96. [96]
    97. [97]
      Utility of Point of Care and Rapid Diagnostics in Humanitarian Emergencies.Chadwick S, Townes DA, Perrone LA The journal of applied laboratory medicine (2021)
    98. [98]
      Building local capacity for emergency coordination: establishment of subnational Public Health Emergency Operations Centres in Nigeria.Oyebanji O, Ibrahim Abba F, Akande OW, Aniaku EC, Abubakar A, Oladejo J et al. BMJ global health (2021)
    99. [99]
      Global mobility, travel and migration health: clinical and public health implications for children and families.Dawson-Hahn EE, Pidaparti V, Hahn W, Stauffer W Paediatrics and international child health (2021)
    100. [100]
      Determinants and patterns of antibiotic consumption for children under five in Nepal: analysis and modelling of Demographic Health Survey data from 2006 to 2016.Zheng C, Karkey A, Wang T, Makuka G, van Doorn HR, Lewycka S Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH (2021)

    HemoChat

    by SPINAI

    Evidence-based clinical decision support powered by SNOMED-CT, Neo4j GraphRAG, and NASS/AO/NICE guidelines.

    ⚕ For clinical reference only. Not a substitute for professional judgment.

    © 2026 HemoChat. All rights reserved.
    Research·Pricing·Privacy & Terms·Refund·SNOMED-CT · NASS · AO Spine · NICE · GraphRAG