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Otolaryngology (ENT)4268 papers

Purulent otitis media

Last edited: 29 days ago

Overview

Purulent otitis media (POM) is an acute infection characterized by pus accumulation in the middle ear, often leading to symptoms such as ear pain, fever, and hearing impairment. It commonly affects children but can occur in individuals of all ages 1 2 13 26 36.

Diagnosis

Clinical Presentation: Ear pain, fever, irritability, hearing loss, and visible tympanic membrane bulging or perforation 1 13.

Physical Examination: Otoscopic findings showing middle ear effusion with purulent discharge, erythema, and possible tympanic membrane immobility 1 13.

Hearing Assessment: Auditory brainstem response (ABR) testing may be performed under sedation for accurate assessment, especially in pediatric patients 1.

Imaging: Temporal bone CT may be considered in complex cases or complications like sigmoid sinus thrombosis 22 32.

Laboratory Tests: Cultures from middle ear fluid can identify causative organisms and guide antibiotic therapy 25 36.

Management

Antibiotics: First-line treatment typically involves oral amoxicillin or amoxicillin-clavulanate for initial empirical therapy 25 36.

Pain Management: Analgesics such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen for pain relief 1 13.

Tympanostomy Tubes: Indicated for recurrent or persistent POM, especially in children with effusion 1 13 14 36.

Follow-Up: Regular monitoring to assess resolution of infection and hearing outcomes 13 26.

Supportive Care: Ensuring adequate hydration and rest 1 13.

Special Populations

Pediatrics: Frequent use of tympanostomy tubes and sedation for diagnostic procedures like ABR testing 1 13 26.

Comorbidities: Patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis may require specialized management, including rituximab for intractable cases 17 28 58.

Key Recommendations

Initiate empirical antibiotic therapy with amoxicillin or amoxicillin-clavulanate for suspected purulent otitis media (Evidence: Strong 25 36).

Consider tympanostomy tube insertion for recurrent or persistent cases to prevent further complications and improve hearing outcomes (Evidence: Moderate 1 13).

Regular follow-up is essential to monitor infection resolution and hearing status, particularly in pediatric patients (Evidence: Moderate 13 26).

For patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis complicating otitis media, consider rituximab for intractable cases to address refractory symptoms (Evidence: Weak 17 28).

Utilize telehealth services to enhance access and continuity of care, especially during pandemics or in underserved areas (Evidence: Moderate 12 31 34).

References

Showing 100 most recent of 239 indexed papers.

1 Ali HM, Vidrine RM, Landers CD, Kille TL, Peters ME, Boriosi JP. Tympanostomy Tube Placement and Auditory Brainstem Response Test Under Sedation. Clinical pediatrics 2026. link 2 Boccalari E, Serafin M, Grandinetti M, Caprioglio A. Orthodontics meets otorhinolaryngology: a collaborative approach to otitis media prevention. European journal of paediatric dentistry 2026. link 3 Allred CM, Parikh SR, Wang X, Bonilla-Velez J. Effect of Spanish Language Concordant Care on Shared Decision-Making in Pediatric Otolaryngology. The Laryngoscope 2026. link 4 Durgut O, Dikici O. Does ChatGPT update itself? Accuracy of ChatGPT in tympanostomy tube guidance: A comparative analysis with current literature. European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 2026. link 5 Sattar Othman M, Hu K, Davidson J, Kirubalingam K, Graham ME, Coyle P et al.. The Utilization of Artificial Intelligence by Pediatric Otolaryngology Surgeons in Professional Practice. Journal of otolaryngology - head & neck surgery = Le Journal d'oto-rhino-laryngologie et de chirurgie cervico-faciale 2026. link 6 Nakada K, Takii K, Koide N, Oi Y, Ito S, Horii A et al.. Prognostic Value of Initial Hearing Severity in Otitis Media With Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Otology & neurotology : official publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology 2026. link 7 Morita S, Esu Y, Nakamaru Y, Fukuda A, Fujiwara K, Suzuki M et al.. Eosinophil Extracellular Trap Remnants as Potential Biomarkers for the Diagnosis and Activity Assessment of Otitis Media Associated With Eosinophilic Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis and Eosinophilic Otitis Media. Otology & neurotology : official publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology 2026. link 8 Khan U, Luther E, Cassidy CE, Boss E, Meister KD, Bohm L et al.. The Barriers and Facilitators of Shared Decision Making in Pediatric Otolaryngology: A Qualitative Study. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2025. link 9 Chan KH. History of pediatric otolaryngology in North America. International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology 2025. link 10 Sharma A, Goshtasbi K, Bhatt J. Use of Social Media to Source Medical Information Among Parents of Pediatric Otolaryngology Clinic Patients: A Survey Study. The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology 2025. link 11 Dudkiewicz D, Bismuth EM, Tsur N, Gilony D, Hod R. Perioperative and postoperative management of tympanostomy tube insertion: a survey of otorhinolaryngologists in Israel. European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 2025. link 12 Altamimi AA, Brennan-Jones CG, Robinson M, Kuthubutheen J, Herbert H, Tran TT et al.. A hospital-based asynchronous ENT telehealth service for children with otitis media: Cost-minimisation and improved access. Journal of telemedicine and telecare 2025. link 13 Yahiro R, Austad B, Helvik AS, Nilsen AH, Salvesen Ø, Thorstensen WM. Observation or Otolaryngology Surveillance After Ventilation Tube Insertion in Children: The ConVenTu Noninferiority Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA otolaryngology-- head & neck surgery 2025. link 14 Navarathna N, Kanhere A, Gomez C, Isaiah A. Artificial intelligence in pediatric otolaryngology: A state-of-the-art review of opportunities and pitfalls. International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology 2025. link 15 Iannella G, Pace A, Greco A, De Virgilio A, Bellizzi MG, Croce E et al.. The SAPIENS 3D-printed temporal bone model: a real tool for advanced otologic surgery education. European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 2025. link 16 Puyo EM, Bayly H, Garg N, Salvati LR, Kariveda RR, Carnino JM et al.. Understanding Non-Attendance in Pediatric Otolaryngology: A Retrospective Study of Demographics, Socioeconomics, and Pandemic Effects. The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology 2025. link 17 Nishimura N, Kawano S, Tamae A, Yoshizawa S. Garcin Syndrome in a Patient with Hypertrophic Pachymeningitis Following Otitis Media with Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody (ANCA)-associated Vasculitis (OMAAV). Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) 2025. link 18 Huang AE, Valdez TA. Artificial Intelligence and Pediatric Otolaryngology. Otolaryngologic clinics of North America 2024. link 19 Allred CM, Nakamura R, Mull H, Wang X, Jio J, Messner J et al.. Effect of an Outbound Scheduling Team on the Timeliness of Scheduling Referrals to Pediatric Otolaryngology. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2024. link 20 Caputo V, Denoyelle F, Simon F. Educational endoscopic videos improve teaching of middle ear anatomy. European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 2024. link 21 Gawel EM, DiNardo LA, Corbin AF, Friedel JE, Carr MM. Second opinions: Do otolaryngologist demographics matter?. American journal of otolaryngology 2024. link 22 Shi Y, Heien HC, Orvidas LJ, Sangaralingham LR, Halbauer M, Warner DO et al.. Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Otolaryngology Office Visit and Tympanostomy Tube Placement in Children with Otitis Media. The Laryngoscope 2024. link 23 Alenezi EM, Veselinović T, Tao KF, Altamimi AA, Tran TT, Herbert H et al.. Ear Portal: An urban-based ear, nose, and throat, and audiology referral telehealth portal to improve access to specialist ear health services for children. Journal of telemedicine and telecare 2024. link 24 Berg J, Tu A, Jones D, Geelan-Hansen K. Practice Characteristics of Pediatric Otolaryngology Same-Day Appointments. Ear, nose, & throat journal 2024. link 25 Lobb B, Lee MC, McElheny CL, Doi Y, Yahner K, Hoberman A et al.. Genomic classification and antimicrobial resistance profiling of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenza isolates associated with paediatric otitis media and upper respiratory infection. BMC infectious diseases 2023. link 26 Naimi B, Agarwal P, Ma H, Levi JR. Association between no-show rates and interpreter use in a pediatric otolaryngology clinic. International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology 2023. link 27 Heaven CL, McGuinness MJ, Shetty S. Acute otolaryngological presentations in Northland, New Zealand: analysed with respect to geography and rurality. The New Zealand medical journal 2023. link 28 Miller AL, Rathi VK, Rutter MJ. Compensation Rates for Pediatric Otolaryngology Procedures Under the Medicare Physician Fee Schedule in 2021. The Laryngoscope 2023. link 29 Poutoglidis A, Tsetsos N, Keramari S, Skoumpas I, Vlachtsis K, Kilmpasanis A et al.. Sigmoid Sinus Thrombosis as a Complication of Acute Otitis Media in a 6-Year-Old Male. Ear, nose, & throat journal 2023. link 30 Yoshida T, Kobayashi M, Sugimoto S, Naganawa S, Sone M. Labyrinthine calcification in ears with otitis media and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (OMAAV): A report of two cases. Auris, nasus, larynx 2023. link 31 Yoshida N. Intractable otitis media - Pathogenesis and treatment of Eosinophilic otitis media (EOM) and otitis media with Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) -associated vasculitis (OMAAV). Auris, nasus, larynx 2023. link 32 Benyo S, Benn DV, Saadi RA, Gangai L, Kasmire KE, Isildak H et al.. Utility of Temporal Bone Computed Tomography in Pediatric Emergency Medicine. The western journal of emergency medicine 2022. link 33 Pakanati V, Raol N, Ching Siong T, Govil N. Patient and physician satisfaction with telemedicine in pediatric otolaryngology. International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology 2022. link 34 Patel A, Dzioba A, Hong P, Husein M, Strychowsky J, You P et al.. Changes to the practice of pediatric otolaryngology as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic. International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology 2022. link 35 Ezzibdeh R, Munjal T, Ahmad I, Valdez TA. Artificial intelligence and tele-otoscopy: A window into the future of pediatric otology. International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology 2022. link 36 Allen DZ, Challapalli S, McKee S, Lee KH, Bell CS, Roy S et al.. Impact of COVID-19 on nationwide pediatric otolaryngology: Otitis media and myringotomy tube trends. American journal of otolaryngology 2022. link 37 Debbaneh P, Dhir S, Anderson M, Rivero A. Electronic Cigarettes: A Narrative Review and Cohort Study of Electronic Cigarette Users in the Otolaryngology Clinic. The Permanente journal 2022. link 38 Duncan SG, Fernandez-Criado RM, Narayanan A, Mary P C, Moss WJ. Characterization of Otolaryngology Referrals among Pacific Islanders in the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. Hawai'i journal of health & social welfare 2022. link 39 Wu SS, Shirley RB, Anne S, Georgopoulos R, Appachi S, Hopkins B. Utility of the finance-electronic medical record digital dashboard in pediatric otolaryngology. American journal of otolaryngology 2022. link 40 Silver JA, Yeung JC, Almutawa D, Szwimer R, Nguyen LHP. Evaluating Strength of Evidence of Pediatric Otolaryngology Research Literature: A 20-Year Review. The Laryngoscope 2022. link 41 McCoy JL, Shaffer AD, Dohar JE. Pediatric otolaryngology telemedicine amid a pandemic - And beyond. International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology 2022. link 42 Brodie KD, Fakurnejad S, Czechowicz JA, Nadaraja GS. Associations between demographic factors and pediatric otolaryngology access disparities in the COVID-19 era. International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology 2022. link 43 Schild SD, Rosenfeld RM. Otolaryngologists' Attitudes toward In-Office Pediatric Tympanostomy Tube Placement without General Anesthesia. The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology 2022. link 44 Yuan L, Yuan J, Sun Y, Wang Y. The Anticoagulant Therapy for Otogenic Sigmoid Sinus Thrombophlebitis: A Case Report and Literature Review. Ear, nose, & throat journal 2022. link 45 Leach AJ, Morris PS, Coates HL, Nelson S, O'Leary SJ, Richmond PC et al.. Otitis media guidelines for Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children: summary of recommendations. The Medical journal of Australia 2021. link 46 Semedo MG, Dias-Silva N, Miguéis J, Pita JR. Quinine in Otology and Neurotology: Ototoxicity and Historic Role in Therapy. Otology & neurotology : official publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology 2021. link 47 Kolb CM, Born K, Banker K, Barth PC, Aaronson NL. Improving Attendance and Patient Experiences During the Expansion of a Telehealth-Based Pediatric Otolaryngology Practice. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2021. link 48 Dorismond C, Farzal Z, Thompson NJ, Lee SE, Zdanski CJ. Readability analysis of pediatric otolaryngology patient-reported outcome measures. International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology 2021. link 49 Kolb CM, Born K, Banker K, Barth P, Aaronson NL. Comparing telehealth with office-based visits for common pediatric otolaryngology complaints. International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology 2021. link 50 Jiang W, Magit AE, Carvalho D. Equal Access to Telemedicine during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Pediatric Otolaryngology Perspective. The Laryngoscope 2021. link 51 Seidel DU, Bode S, Kostev K, Park JJ. Incidence of Inner Ear Disorders in Various Forms of Acute Otitis Media in ENT Practices in Germany. Ear, nose, & throat journal 2021. link 52 Kubala M, Gardner JR, Criddle J, Ward A, Richter GT. Utilizing process improvement strategies to generate clinic templates and improve patient flow in pediatric otolaryngology. International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology 2021. link 53 McDonough M, Hathi K, Corsten G, Chin CJ, Campisi P, Cavanagh J et al.. Choosing Wisely Canada - pediatric otolaryngology recommendations. Journal of otolaryngology - head & neck surgery = Le Journal d'oto-rhino-laryngologie et de chirurgie cervico-faciale 2021. link 54 Hampton T, Whitehall E, Beasley C, Stevens K, Lowe N, Hogg E et al.. Recurrent acute otitis media: a survey of current management in England. The Journal of laryngology and otology 2021. link 55 Wandell GM, Wang X, Whitlock KB, Weber AK, Sie KCY, Bonilla-Velez J. Are Spanish-Speaking Families Less Satisfied with Care in Pediatric Otolaryngology?. The Laryngoscope 2021. link 56 Iwata S, Okada M, Suemori K, Teraoka M, Yamada H, Ishizaki J et al.. The hearing prognosis of otitis media with ANCA-associated vasculitis. Auris, nasus, larynx 2021. link 57 Mudry A, Young JR. Otitis media with effusion: Politzer's 100 year legacy. International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology 2020. link 58 Ramsey T, Dasani DB, Altshuler J, Curran K, Mouzakes J. Non-research industry payments to pediatric otolaryngologists in 2018. International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology 2020. link 59 Vaitaitis VJ, Dunham ME, Kwon YC, Mayer WC, Evans AK, Baker AJ et al.. A Surgical Simulator for Tympanostomy Tube Insertion Incorporating Capacitive Sensing Technology to Track Instrument Placement. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2020. link 60 Tolisano AM, Littlefield PD. A time-sensitive rubric for assessing mastoidectomy proficiency. American journal of otolaryngology 2020. link 61 Compton EC, Agrawal SK, Ladak HM, Chan S, Hoy M, Nakoneshny SC et al.. Assessment of a virtual reality temporal bone surgical simulator: a national face and content validity study. Journal of otolaryngology - head & neck surgery = Le Journal d'oto-rhino-laryngologie et de chirurgie cervico-faciale 2020. link 62 Forner D, Ungar G, Meier J, Hong P. Oral literacy in pediatric otolaryngology surgical consultations amongst parents with high levels of decisional conflict. International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology 2020. link 63 Isaacson G. Tympanostomy Tubes-A Visual Guide for the Young Otolaryngologist. Ear, nose, & throat journal 2020. link 64 Pokorny MA, Wilson WJ, Whitfield BCS, Thorne PR. Effectiveness and Safety of Advanced Audiology-Led Triage in Pediatric Otolaryngology Services. Ear and hearing 2020. link 65 Shetty KR, Wang RY, Shetty A, Levi J, Aaronson NL. Quality of Patient Education Sections on Otitis Media Across Different Website Platforms. The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology 2020. link 66 Ryan MA, Leu GR, Boss EF, Raynor EM, Walsh JM. Adherence to American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Clinical Practice Guidelines: A Systematic Review. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2020. link 67 Luetzenberg FS, Maul TM, Wei JL. Prevalence of prescription medication use in preschool-age children seen in pediatric otolaryngology. International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology 2020. link 68 Friedman EM, Johnson RF. Professionalism, Quality, and Safety for Pediatric Otolaryngologists. Otolaryngologic clinics of North America 2019. link 69 Marchica CL, Dahl JP, Raol N. What's New with Tubes, Tonsils, and Adenoids?. Otolaryngologic clinics of North America 2019. link 70 Aaronson NL, Cox CT, Boss EF. Parental health literacy in pediatric otolaryngology: A pilot study. International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology 2019. link 71 Camilon PR, Levi JR, Carrion RA, Josephson GD. Physician impact on the patient and family experience in a pediatric otolaryngology practice. The Laryngoscope 2019. link 72 Sayal NR, Boyd S, Zach White G, Farrugia M. Incidental mastoid effusion diagnosed on imaging: Are we doing right by our patients?. The Laryngoscope 2019. link 73 Tingsgaard JK, Tingsgaard PK, Siggaard LD, Barrett TQ, Lüscher M, Homøe P. Validation of the Danish National Tympanostomy Tube Insertion Questionnaires. Danish medical journal 2019. link 74 Marvin K, Ambrosio A, Brigger M. The increasing cost of pediatric otolaryngology care. International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology 2019. link 75 Siggaard LD, Barrett TQ, Holm FS, Lüscher M, Tingsgaard PK, Homøe P. Specialists' adherence to guidelines on tympanostomy tube insertion. Danish medical journal 2019. link 76 Melong J, Meier J, Hong P. Shared decision making during surgical consultations: An observational study in pediatric otolaryngology. European annals of otorhinolaryngology, head and neck diseases 2019. link 77 Walker RE, Bartley J, Camargo CA, Mitchell EA. Vitamin D and Otitis Media. Current allergy and asthma reports 2019. link 78 Okada M, Suemori K, Takagi D, Teraoka M, Yamada H, Ishizaki J et al.. The treatment outcomes of rituximab for intractable otitis media with ANCA-associated vasculitis. Auris, nasus, larynx 2019. link 79 Ozana N, Sagiv D, Lipschitz-Tayar N, Schwarz A, Shemer A, Wolf M et al.. Remote optical sensing in otolaryngology: middle ear effusion detection. Optics express 2018. link 80 Frithioff A, Sørensen MS, Andersen SAW. European status on temporal bone training: a questionnaire study. European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 2018. link 81 Jabbour J, Doerfer KW, Robey T, Cunningham MJ. Trends in Pediatric Otolaryngology Disparities Research. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2018. link 82 Jabbour J, Robey T, Cunningham MJ. Healthcare disparities in pediatric otolaryngology: A systematic review. The Laryngoscope 2018. link 83 Ghedia R, Ahmed J, Navaratnam A, Harcourt J. No evidence of cholesteatoma in untreated otitis media with effusion in children with primary ciliary dyskinesia. International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology 2018. link 84 Cofer S, Meyer A, Yoon D, Beebe D, Castro C, Rimell F et al.. Tympanostomy Tube Placement in Children Using a Single-Pass Tool with Moderate Sedation. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2017. link 85 Adoga AA, Okwori ET, Yaro JP, Iduh AA. Pediatric otorhinolaryngology emergencies at the Jos University Teaching Hospital: Study of frequency, management, and outcomes. Annals of African medicine 2017. link 86 Gupta N, Chawla N, Gupta D, Dhawan N, Janaki VR. Community triage of otology patients using a store-and-forward telemedicine device: A feasibility study. Ear, nose, & throat journal 2017. link 87 Wilkinson SL, Sahota RS, Constable JD, Harper F, Judd O. Does incidental mastoid opacification on computerized tomography necessitate referral to ENT?. The Laryngoscope 2017. link 88 Wong K, Levi JR. Readability of pediatric otolaryngology information by children's hospitals and academic institutions. The Laryngoscope 2017. link 89 Ghadersohi S, Young NM, Smith-Bronstein V, Hoff S, Billings KR. Management of acute complicated mastoiditis at an urban, tertiary care pediatric hospital. The Laryngoscope 2017. link 90 Bradshaw H, Mitchell MJ, Edwards CJ, Stolz U, Naser O, Peck A et al.. Medication Palatability Affects Physician Prescribing Preferences for Common Pediatric Conditions. Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine 2016. link 91 O'Connor SS, Coggins R, Gagnon L, Rosenfeld RM, Shin JJ, Walsh SA. Plain Language Summary: Otitis Media with Effusion. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2016. link 92 Mudry A, Santa Maria P, Jackler RK. Ossicular calisthenics: Pneumomassage of the tympanic membrane. The Laryngoscope 2016. link 93 Schwartz J, Costescu A, Mascarella MA, Young ME, Husein M, Agrawal S et al.. Objective assessment of Myringotomy and tympanostomy tube insertion: A prospective single-blinded validation study. The Laryngoscope 2016. link 94 Harvey M, Bowe SN, Laury AM. Clinical Practice Guidelines: Whose Practice Are We Guiding?. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2016. link 95 Raol N, Hartnick CJ, Weissman JS. Should obtaining a preoperative audiogram before tympanostomy tube placement be used as a quality metric? A survey of pediatric otolaryngologists. International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology 2016. link 96 Rosenfeld RM, Shin JJ, Schwartz SR, Coggins R, Gagnon L, Hackell JM et al.. Clinical Practice Guideline: Otitis Media with Effusion Executive Summary (Update). Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2016. link 97 Ilechukwu GC, Ilechukwu C, Ezeanolue BC, Okoroafor IJ, Ojinnaka NC, Ubesie AC et al.. Ear-related problems among children attending the paediatric and otorhinolaryngology out-patients clinics of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu. African health sciences 2016. link 98 Bell JR, Ruch-Ross H, Hotaling AJ. Practice Patterns and Projections for the US Pediatric Otolaryngology Workforce. JAMA otolaryngology-- head & neck surgery 2016. link 99 Oyewumi M, Brandt MG, Carrillo B, Atkinson A, Iglar K, Forte V et al.. Objective Evaluation of Otoscopy Skills Among Family and Community Medicine, Pediatric, and Otolaryngology Residents. Journal of surgical education 2016. link 100 Hojjat H, Johnson AP, Svider PF, Hong RS, Zuliani G, Folbe AJ et al.. Scholarly investigation into otitis media: who is receiving funding support from the National Institutes of Health?. The Laryngoscope 2015. link

Original source

[1]
Tympanostomy Tube Placement and Auditory Brainstem Response Test Under Sedation. — Ali HM, Vidrine RM, Landers CD, Kille TL, Peters ME, Boriosi JP Clinical pediatrics (2026)
[2]
Orthodontics meets otorhinolaryngology: a collaborative approach to otitis media prevention. — Boccalari E, Serafin M, Grandinetti M, Caprioglio A European journal of paediatric dentistry (2026)
[3]
Effect of Spanish Language Concordant Care on Shared Decision-Making in Pediatric Otolaryngology. — Allred CM, Parikh SR, Wang X, Bonilla-Velez J The Laryngoscope (2026)
[4]
Does ChatGPT update itself? Accuracy of ChatGPT in tympanostomy tube guidance: A comparative analysis with current literature. — Durgut O, Dikici O European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery (2026)
[5]
The Utilization of Artificial Intelligence by Pediatric Otolaryngology Surgeons in Professional Practice. — Sattar Othman M, Hu K, Davidson J, Kirubalingam K, Graham ME, Coyle P et al. Journal of otolaryngology - head & neck surgery = Le Journal d'oto-rhino-laryngologie et de chirurgie cervico-faciale (2026)
[6]
Prognostic Value of Initial Hearing Severity in Otitis Media With Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis: A Retrospective Cohort Study. — Nakada K, Takii K, Koide N, Oi Y, Ito S, Horii A et al. Otology & neurotology : official publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology (2026)
[7]
Eosinophil Extracellular Trap Remnants as Potential Biomarkers for the Diagnosis and Activity Assessment of Otitis Media Associated With Eosinophilic Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis and Eosinophilic Otitis Media. — Morita S, Esu Y, Nakamaru Y, Fukuda A, Fujiwara K, Suzuki M et al. Otology & neurotology : official publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology (2026)
[8]
The Barriers and Facilitators of Shared Decision Making in Pediatric Otolaryngology: A Qualitative Study. — Khan U, Luther E, Cassidy CE, Boss E, Meister KD, Bohm L et al. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (2025)
[9]
History of pediatric otolaryngology in North America. — Chan KH International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology (2025)
[10]
Use of Social Media to Source Medical Information Among Parents of Pediatric Otolaryngology Clinic Patients: A Survey Study. — Sharma A, Goshtasbi K, Bhatt J The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology (2025)
[11]
Perioperative and postoperative management of tympanostomy tube insertion: a survey of otorhinolaryngologists in Israel. — Dudkiewicz D, Bismuth EM, Tsur N, Gilony D, Hod R European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery (2025)
[12]
A hospital-based asynchronous ENT telehealth service for children with otitis media: Cost-minimisation and improved access. — Altamimi AA, Brennan-Jones CG, Robinson M, Kuthubutheen J, Herbert H, Tran TT et al. Journal of telemedicine and telecare (2025)
[13]
Observation or Otolaryngology Surveillance After Ventilation Tube Insertion in Children: The ConVenTu Noninferiority Randomized Clinical Trial. — Yahiro R, Austad B, Helvik AS, Nilsen AH, Salvesen Ø, Thorstensen WM JAMA otolaryngology-- head & neck surgery (2025)
[14]
Artificial intelligence in pediatric otolaryngology: A state-of-the-art review of opportunities and pitfalls. — Navarathna N, Kanhere A, Gomez C, Isaiah A International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology (2025)
[15]
The SAPIENS 3D-printed temporal bone model: a real tool for advanced otologic surgery education. — Iannella G, Pace A, Greco A, De Virgilio A, Bellizzi MG, Croce E et al. European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery (2025)
[16]
Understanding Non-Attendance in Pediatric Otolaryngology: A Retrospective Study of Demographics, Socioeconomics, and Pandemic Effects. — Puyo EM, Bayly H, Garg N, Salvati LR, Kariveda RR, Carnino JM et al. The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology (2025)
[17]
Garcin Syndrome in a Patient with Hypertrophic Pachymeningitis Following Otitis Media with Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody (ANCA)-associated Vasculitis (OMAAV). — Nishimura N, Kawano S, Tamae A, Yoshizawa S Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) (2025)
[18]
Artificial Intelligence and Pediatric Otolaryngology. — Huang AE, Valdez TA Otolaryngologic clinics of North America (2024)
[19]
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Second opinions: Do otolaryngologist demographics matter? — Gawel EM, DiNardo LA, Corbin AF, Friedel JE, Carr MM American journal of otolaryngology (2024)
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Genomic classification and antimicrobial resistance profiling of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenza isolates associated with paediatric otitis media and upper respiratory infection. — Lobb B, Lee MC, McElheny CL, Doi Y, Yahner K, Hoberman A et al. BMC infectious diseases (2023)
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Electronic Cigarettes: A Narrative Review and Cohort Study of Electronic Cigarette Users in the Otolaryngology Clinic. — Debbaneh P, Dhir S, Anderson M, Rivero A The Permanente journal (2022)
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Characterization of Otolaryngology Referrals among Pacific Islanders in the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. — Duncan SG, Fernandez-Criado RM, Narayanan A, Mary P C, Moss WJ Hawai'i journal of health & social welfare (2022)
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Utility of the finance-electronic medical record digital dashboard in pediatric otolaryngology. — Wu SS, Shirley RB, Anne S, Georgopoulos R, Appachi S, Hopkins B American journal of otolaryngology (2022)
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Evaluating Strength of Evidence of Pediatric Otolaryngology Research Literature: A 20-Year Review. — Silver JA, Yeung JC, Almutawa D, Szwimer R, Nguyen LHP The Laryngoscope (2022)
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Pediatric otolaryngology telemedicine amid a pandemic - And beyond. — McCoy JL, Shaffer AD, Dohar JE International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology (2022)
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Associations between demographic factors and pediatric otolaryngology access disparities in the COVID-19 era. — Brodie KD, Fakurnejad S, Czechowicz JA, Nadaraja GS International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology (2022)
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Otolaryngologists' Attitudes toward In-Office Pediatric Tympanostomy Tube Placement without General Anesthesia. — Schild SD, Rosenfeld RM The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology (2022)
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The Anticoagulant Therapy for Otogenic Sigmoid Sinus Thrombophlebitis: A Case Report and Literature Review. — Yuan L, Yuan J, Sun Y, Wang Y Ear, nose, & throat journal (2022)
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Otitis media guidelines for Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children: summary of recommendations. — Leach AJ, Morris PS, Coates HL, Nelson S, O'Leary SJ, Richmond PC et al. The Medical journal of Australia (2021)
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Quinine in Otology and Neurotology: Ototoxicity and Historic Role in Therapy. — Semedo MG, Dias-Silva N, Miguéis J, Pita JR Otology & neurotology : official publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology (2021)
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Improving Attendance and Patient Experiences During the Expansion of a Telehealth-Based Pediatric Otolaryngology Practice. — Kolb CM, Born K, Banker K, Barth PC, Aaronson NL Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (2021)
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Readability analysis of pediatric otolaryngology patient-reported outcome measures. — Dorismond C, Farzal Z, Thompson NJ, Lee SE, Zdanski CJ International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology (2021)
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Comparing telehealth with office-based visits for common pediatric otolaryngology complaints. — Kolb CM, Born K, Banker K, Barth P, Aaronson NL International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology (2021)
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Equal Access to Telemedicine during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Pediatric Otolaryngology Perspective. — Jiang W, Magit AE, Carvalho D The Laryngoscope (2021)
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Incidence of Inner Ear Disorders in Various Forms of Acute Otitis Media in ENT Practices in Germany. — Seidel DU, Bode S, Kostev K, Park JJ Ear, nose, & throat journal (2021)
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Utilizing process improvement strategies to generate clinic templates and improve patient flow in pediatric otolaryngology. — Kubala M, Gardner JR, Criddle J, Ward A, Richter GT International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology (2021)
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Recurrent acute otitis media: a survey of current management in England. — Hampton T, Whitehall E, Beasley C, Stevens K, Lowe N, Hogg E et al. The Journal of laryngology and otology (2021)
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Are Spanish-Speaking Families Less Satisfied with Care in Pediatric Otolaryngology? — Wandell GM, Wang X, Whitlock KB, Weber AK, Sie KCY, Bonilla-Velez J The Laryngoscope (2021)
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The hearing prognosis of otitis media with ANCA-associated vasculitis. — Iwata S, Okada M, Suemori K, Teraoka M, Yamada H, Ishizaki J et al. Auris, nasus, larynx (2021)
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Otitis media with effusion: Politzer's 100 year legacy. — Mudry A, Young JR International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology (2020)
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Non-research industry payments to pediatric otolaryngologists in 2018. — Ramsey T, Dasani DB, Altshuler J, Curran K, Mouzakes J International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology (2020)
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A Surgical Simulator for Tympanostomy Tube Insertion Incorporating Capacitive Sensing Technology to Track Instrument Placement. — Vaitaitis VJ, Dunham ME, Kwon YC, Mayer WC, Evans AK, Baker AJ et al. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (2020)
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A time-sensitive rubric for assessing mastoidectomy proficiency. — Tolisano AM, Littlefield PD American journal of otolaryngology (2020)
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Assessment of a virtual reality temporal bone surgical simulator: a national face and content validity study. — Compton EC, Agrawal SK, Ladak HM, Chan S, Hoy M, Nakoneshny SC et al. Journal of otolaryngology - head & neck surgery = Le Journal d'oto-rhino-laryngologie et de chirurgie cervico-faciale (2020)
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Oral literacy in pediatric otolaryngology surgical consultations amongst parents with high levels of decisional conflict. — Forner D, Ungar G, Meier J, Hong P International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology (2020)
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Tympanostomy Tubes-A Visual Guide for the Young Otolaryngologist. — Isaacson G Ear, nose, & throat journal (2020)
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Effectiveness and Safety of Advanced Audiology-Led Triage in Pediatric Otolaryngology Services. — Pokorny MA, Wilson WJ, Whitfield BCS, Thorne PR Ear and hearing (2020)
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Quality of Patient Education Sections on Otitis Media Across Different Website Platforms. — Shetty KR, Wang RY, Shetty A, Levi J, Aaronson NL The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology (2020)
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Adherence to American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Clinical Practice Guidelines: A Systematic Review. — Ryan MA, Leu GR, Boss EF, Raynor EM, Walsh JM Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (2020)
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Prevalence of prescription medication use in preschool-age children seen in pediatric otolaryngology. — Luetzenberg FS, Maul TM, Wei JL International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology (2020)
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What's New with Tubes, Tonsils, and Adenoids? — Marchica CL, Dahl JP, Raol N Otolaryngologic clinics of North America (2019)
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Incidental mastoid effusion diagnosed on imaging: Are we doing right by our patients? — Sayal NR, Boyd S, Zach White G, Farrugia M The Laryngoscope (2019)
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Validation of the Danish National Tympanostomy Tube Insertion Questionnaires. — Tingsgaard JK, Tingsgaard PK, Siggaard LD, Barrett TQ, Lüscher M, Homøe P Danish medical journal (2019)
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The increasing cost of pediatric otolaryngology care. — Marvin K, Ambrosio A, Brigger M International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology (2019)
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Shared decision making during surgical consultations: An observational study in pediatric otolaryngology. — Melong J, Meier J, Hong P European annals of otorhinolaryngology, head and neck diseases (2019)
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Vitamin D and Otitis Media. — Walker RE, Bartley J, Camargo CA, Mitchell EA Current allergy and asthma reports (2019)
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The treatment outcomes of rituximab for intractable otitis media with ANCA-associated vasculitis. — Okada M, Suemori K, Takagi D, Teraoka M, Yamada H, Ishizaki J et al. Auris, nasus, larynx (2019)
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No evidence of cholesteatoma in untreated otitis media with effusion in children with primary ciliary dyskinesia. — Ghedia R, Ahmed J, Navaratnam A, Harcourt J International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology (2018)
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Pediatric otorhinolaryngology emergencies at the Jos University Teaching Hospital: Study of frequency, management, and outcomes. — Adoga AA, Okwori ET, Yaro JP, Iduh AA Annals of African medicine (2017)
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Community triage of otology patients using a store-and-forward telemedicine device: A feasibility study. — Gupta N, Chawla N, Gupta D, Dhawan N, Janaki VR Ear, nose, & throat journal (2017)
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Should obtaining a preoperative audiogram before tympanostomy tube placement be used as a quality metric? A survey of pediatric otolaryngologists. — Raol N, Hartnick CJ, Weissman JS International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology (2016)
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Practice Patterns and Projections for the US Pediatric Otolaryngology Workforce. — Bell JR, Ruch-Ross H, Hotaling AJ JAMA otolaryngology-- head & neck surgery (2016)
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