HemoChat is an evidence-based AI medical search tool covering all major clinical domains, powered by 46,298 SNOMED-CT concepts, clinical guidelines, and live PubMed literature.

What medical domains does HemoChat cover?

HemoChat covers all major medical domains including cardiology, oncology, neurology, hematology, pulmonology, endocrinology, gastroenterology, psychiatry, nephrology, rheumatology, musculoskeletal, and more — with 46,298 SNOMED-CT concepts.

Is HemoChat a replacement for clinical judgment?

No. HemoChat is for clinical reference only and is not a substitute for professional medical judgment. Always consult qualified healthcare professionals for medical decisions.

What AI technology does HemoChat use?

HemoChat uses a hybrid GraphRAG + VectorRAG pipeline combining Neo4j knowledge graphs with FAISS vector search and an LLM for answer generation.

← Back to guidelines

Gastroenterology607 papers

Gastrointestinal Crohn's disease

Last edited: 4/23/2026

Overview

Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting any part of the gastrointestinal tract, characterized by transmural inflammation, granulomas, and a relapsing-remitting course. It often leads to complications such as strictures, fistulas, and malnutrition 6 30.

Diagnosis

Clinical Presentation: Abdominal pain, diarrhea, weight loss, and extraintestinal manifestations like arthritis 6.

Endoscopic Findings: Patchy areas of inflammation, ulcers, and cobblestoning 9.

Imaging: CT enterography, MRI enterography, and small bowel follow-through to assess bowel wall thickness, fistulas, and strictures 9.

Laboratory Tests: Elevated inflammatory markers, anemia, and electrolyte imbalances 6.

Histopathology: Biopsy showing transmural inflammation, non-caseating granulomas (not always present), and cryptitis 6.

Diagnostic Criteria: Use of the Lennard-Jones criteria or the Montreal classification for classification 6.

Management

First-Line Treatments:

- Aminosalicylates: For mild to moderate disease (e.g., mesalamine) 6. - Antibiotics: Metronidazole or ciprofloxacin for specific infections 6. - Corticosteroids: Prednisone for moderate to severe flares 6.

Second-Line Treatments:

- Immunomodulators: Azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine for maintenance therapy 6. - Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF agents (e.g., infliximab), integrin antagonists (e.g., vedolizumab), and IL-12/23 inhibitors (e.g., ustekinumab) 6 17.

Nutritional Support: Enteral or parenteral nutrition for severe malnutrition 6 36.

Surgical Intervention: For complications like strictures, fistulas, or bowel obstruction 6.

Special Populations

Pediatrics: Early diagnosis and tailored nutritional support are crucial 30 36.

Elderly: Increased risk of complications; careful monitoring and individualized treatment plans 6.

Comorbidities: Management requires consideration of comorbidities like cardiovascular disease, especially with corticosteroid use 9 39.

Key Recommendations

Use of Biologics for Refractory Disease: Initiate biologic therapy in patients with moderate to severe Crohn's disease who fail conventional therapy (Evidence: Strong 6 17).

Regular Monitoring for Complications: Regular endoscopic surveillance for complications such as strictures and fistulas in patients with long-standing disease (Evidence: Moderate 9).

Nutritional Assessment and Support: Implement comprehensive nutritional assessment and support strategies, particularly in pediatric and elderly patients (Evidence: Moderate 36 6).

Endoscopic Training and Competency: Ensure gastroenterologists are proficient in endoscopic techniques through structured training programs (Evidence: Expert opinion 9).

Telemedicine Utilization: Leverage telemedicine for follow-up and management, especially during pandemics, to maintain continuity of care (Evidence: Moderate 55).

References

Showing 100 most recent of 263 indexed papers.

1 Shalish W, Neu J, Sant'Anna G. Application of AI in neonatal gastroenterology and nutrition. Seminars in fetal & neonatal medicine 2026. link 2 Eslami K, Diaz Calderon LM, Racherla VR, Giudice EL, Sikorski MJ, Doll S et al.. Impact of an Interactive, Case-Based Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition Curriculum on General Pediatric Resident Competency and Knowledge Retention. MedEdPORTAL : the journal of teaching and learning resources 2026. link 3 Bryan MR, Bensen GP, Wipper B, Dunleavy KA, Felicien S, Ingabire P et al.. Developing Global Gastrointestinal Care Capacity: Lessons Learned From a New GI Partnership Care Delivery Model in Rwanda. Journal of clinical gastroenterology 2026. link 4 Dong Q, Li S, Zhu X, Lin K, Li Y, Wang S et al.. Prevalence of anxiety, depression and associated risk factors in gastroenterology outpatients: a multicenter cross-sectional study. BMC gastroenterology 2026. link 5 Gross SA, Shaukat A, Afzali A, Ahn JC, Bajaj JS, Barkin JA et al.. Artificial Intelligence for Gastroenterology Practice: A Modified Delphi Consensus. The American journal of gastroenterology 2026. link 6 Broekaert IJ, Assa A, Borrelli O, Saccomani MD, Homan M, Martin-de-Carpi J et al.. Approach to anaemia in gastrointestinal disease: A position paper by the ESPGHAN Gastroenterology Committee. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition 2025. link 7 Stammers M, Ramgopal B, Owusu Nimako A, Vyas A, Nouraei R, Metcalf C et al.. A foundation systematic review of natural language processing applied to gastroenterology & hepatology. BMC gastroenterology 2025. link 8 Sonnenberg A, Buchner AM. Will Rogers Paradox in Gastroenterology. Digestive diseases and sciences 2025. link 9 Sathiaseelan M, Grammatikopoulos T. Utility of endoscopy in paediatric gastroenterology and hepatology-Review and updates. Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver 2025. link 10 Holt NM, Byrne MF. The Role of Artificial Intelligence and Big Data for Gastrointestinal Disease. Gastrointestinal endoscopy clinics of North America 2025. link 11 Gardezi SA, Albagshi JM, Almuhaidb A, Alajlan B, Al Jawad M. Empowering GI fellows to lead the change: A national survey on strengths and opportunities to enhance gastroenterology training in Saudi Arabia. Saudi journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Saudi Gastroenterology Association 2025. link 12 Storås AM, Dreyer M, Pahde F, Lapuschkin S, Samek W, Halvorsen P et al.. Exploring the clinical value of concept-based AI explanations in gastrointestinal disease detection. Scientific reports 2025. link 13 Szkodny LE, Bardach SH, Hacker K, Tormey LK, Gohres K, Siegel CA et al.. Implementation of a Trauma-Informed Care Approach in a Gastroenterology Setting. Digestive diseases and sciences 2025. link 14 Murray J, Kefayat A, Finlayson M, Seenan JP, Hsu R, Din S. RCPE in association with the American College of Gastroenterology and the Scottish Society of Gastroenterology - Gastroenterology: A global perspective. The journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh 2025. link 15 Mehta Y, Mehta S, Bhayani V, Parikh S, Mehta R. Gastroenterology in the age of artificial intelligence: Bridging technology and clinical practice. World journal of gastroenterology 2025. link 16 Cheloff AZ, Lee B, Kim L, Karnik N, Lin E, Lee M et al.. Multicenter evaluation of the impact of COVID-19 on the uptake of endoscopic skills by gastroenterology trainees. Surgical endoscopy 2025. link 17 Shrestha UK. Emerging role of artificial intelligence in gastroenterology and hepatology. World journal of gastroenterology 2025. link 18 Chen ZL, Wang C, Wang F. Revolutionizing gastroenterology and hepatology with artificial intelligence: From precision diagnosis to equitable healthcare through interdisciplinary practice. World journal of gastroenterology 2025. link 19 Cui Y. Investigating the "off-hour effect" on outcomes of neonates undergoing emergency gastrointestinal surgery. PeerJ 2025. link 20 Gouel-Chéron A, Sallah K, Sawadogo S, Dupont A, Montravers P. Impact of COVID-19 on urgent gastrointestinal surgery outcomes: increased mortality in 2020. World journal of emergency surgery : WJES 2025. link 21 Liu Y, Shen Y, Zhong H. Dexmedetomidine-Propofol Versus Propofol Alone for Sedation in Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Ultrasound: A Randomized Comparative Study. Clinical therapeutics 2025. link 22 Abbasi F, Ayremlu P, Niazkhani Z. From classroom to clinic: evaluating a clinical pathology course to strengthen pathology report literacy of medical interns. BMC medical education 2025. link 23 Mastrorocco E, Terrin M, Migliorisi G, Masoni B, Farinola V, De Deo D et al.. Gender authorship in major American and European gastroenterology journals: the gap is still unfilled. Endoscopy 2024. link 24 Alizadeh M, Sampaio Moura N, Schledwitz A, Patil SA, Ravel J, Raufman JP. Gastroenterology Fellowship and Postdoctoral Training in Omics and Statistics-Part I: Why Is It Needed?. Digestive diseases and sciences 2024. link 25 Facciorusso A, Domislovic V, Fuccio L, Boskoski I, Spada C, Capurso G et al.. Principle of sample size calculation in gastroenterology research: a practical guide for clinicians. Expert review of gastroenterology & hepatology 2024. link 26 Duijvestein M, Sidhu R, Zimmermann K, Carrington EV, Hann A, Sousa P et al.. The United European Gastroenterology green paper-climate change and gastroenterology. United European gastroenterology journal 2024. link 27 Shang BH, Yang FH, Lin Y, Bialka S, Rensburg DCJV, Tonelli AR et al.. Discrepancies between pre-specified and reported primary outcomes: A cross-sectional analysis of randomized controlled trials in gastroenterology and hepatology journals. PloS one 2024. link 28 Dumitrascu DI, Rusu I, Filip A. Anatomical Benchmarks in the Training of Gastroenterologists. Journal of gastrointestinal and liver diseases : JGLD 2024. link 29 Yuan S, Sun Y, Chen J, Li X, Larsson SC. Long-term risk of venous thromboembolism among patients with gastrointestinal non-neoplastic and neoplastic diseases: A prospective cohort study of 484 211 individuals. American journal of hematology 2024. link 30 Krishnan U, Day AS. Advances in Nutrition in Pediatric Gastroenterology. Nutrients 2023. link 31 Candelli M, Franceschi F. New Advances in Gastroenterology: The Crucial Role of Molecular Medicine. International journal of molecular sciences 2023. link 32 Persaud A, Bilal M. Involvement in National Gastroenterological Societies for Professional Development and Career Advancement: Tips for Trainees. Digestive diseases and sciences 2023. link 33 Reeves PT, Min SB, Kolasinski NT. Development and Implementation of DIGEST: The Digital Interactive Gastroenterology Education Suite for Trainees. Military medicine 2023. link 34 Goodman MC, Chesner JH, Pourmand K, Farouk SS, Shah BJ, Rao BB. Developing a Novel Case-Based Gastroenterology/Hepatology Online Resource for Enhanced Education During and After the COVID-19 Pandemic. Digestive diseases and sciences 2023. link 35 Busing JD, Stone CA, Nicholson MR. Clinical Presentation of Alpha-Gal Syndrome in Pediatric Gastroenterology and Response to Mammalian Dietary Elimination. The American journal of gastroenterology 2023. link 36 Walia CLS, Cerezo CS, Smith A, Turner J, Moses J, Vermilyea S et al.. The North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition Position on the Role of the Registered Dietitian Nutritionist in the Care of the Pediatric Patient With Chronic Gastrointestinal Diseases. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition 2023. link 37 Christou CD, Tsoulfas G. Challenges involved in the application of artificial intelligence in gastroenterology: The race is on!. World journal of gastroenterology 2023. link 38 Alizadeh M, Sampaio Moura N, Schledwitz A, Patil SA, Ravel J, Raufman JP. Big Data in Gastroenterology Research. International journal of molecular sciences 2023. link 39 Ali H, Shahzad M, Sarfraz S, Sewell KB, Alqalyoobi S, Mohan BP. Application and impact of Lasso regression in gastroenterology: A systematic review. Indian journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology 2023. link 40 Liu JJ, DeCuir N, Kia L, Peterson J, Miller C, Issaka RB. Tools to Measure the Impact of Structural Racism and Discrimination on Gastrointestinal and Hepatology Disease Outcomes: A Scoping Review. Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association 2023. link 41 Kasper P, Demir M, Chon SH, Bruns CJ, Goeser T, Michels G. [Gastrointestinal and hepatic emergencies in acute and emergency care]. Medizinische Klinik, Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin 2023. link 42 Diesing TS. Neurologic Manifestations of Gastrointestinal and Nutritional Disorders. Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn.) 2023. link 43 Candelli M. Translational, Precision, and Personalized Medicine in Gastroenterology. International journal of molecular sciences 2022. link 44 Culpepper-Morgan JA, Guillaume A, Louissaint J, Williams R. Black voices in gastroenterology and hepatology. Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology 2022. link 45 Yılmaz H, Kocyigit B. Factors associated with non-attendance at appointments in the gastroenterology endoscopy unit: a retrospective cohort study. PeerJ 2022. link 46 Kumar R, Khan FU, Sharma A, Aziz IBA, Poddar NK. Recent Applications of Artificial Intelligence in the Detection of Gastrointestinal, Hepatic and Pancreatic Diseases. Current medicinal chemistry 2022. link 47 Ben Abderrahim S, Gharbaoui M, Békir O, Hamdoun M, Allouche M. Sudden death related to the gastrointestinal system in Tunisia: A 13 year autopsy study. Journal of forensic sciences 2022. link 48 Romano C, Dipasquale V. Nutrition in Pediatric Gastroenterology. Nutrients 2021. link 49 Janssen DF. Gastroenterology: Naming a discipline. Arab journal of gastroenterology : the official publication of the Pan-Arab Association of Gastroenterology 2021. link 50 Pérez-Cuadrado Martínez E. Arrival in port. Revista espanola de enfermedades digestivas 2021. link 51 Borbath I, Fiasse R, Van Hootegem P. The "Fonds Georges Brohée": a longstanding Belgian national initiative to stimulate research in hepatogastroenterology. Acta gastro-enterologica Belgica 2021. link 52 Shung DL, Sung JJY. Challenges of developing artificial intelligence-assisted tools for clinical medicine. Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology 2021. link 53 Tan MB, Tan KP, Beh JCY, Chan EYK, Chin KFW, Chin ZY et al.. SingHealth Radiology Archives pictorial essay Part 2: gastroenterology, musculoskeletal, and obstetrics and gynaecology cases. Singapore medical journal 2021. link 54 Kröner PT, Engels MM, Glicksberg BS, Johnson KW, Mzaik O, van Hooft JE et al.. Artificial intelligence in gastroenterology: A state-of-the-art review. World journal of gastroenterology 2021. link 55 Costantino A, Bortoluzzi F, Giuffrè M, Vassallo R, Montalbano LM, Monica F et al.. Correct use of telemedicine in gastroenterology, hepatology, and endoscopy during and after the COVID-19 pandemic: Recommendations from the Italian association of hospital gastroenterologists and endoscopists (AIGO). Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver 2021. link 56 Ou A, Shin CM, Goodman AJ, Poles MA, Popov VB. Endoscopic part-task training box scores correlate with endoscopic outcomes. Surgical endoscopy 2021. link 57 Perisetti A, Goyal H. Successful Distancing: Telemedicine in Gastroenterology and Hepatology During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Digestive diseases and sciences 2021. link 58 Mathis MS, Badewa TE, Obiarinze RN, Wilkinson LT, Martin CA. A Novel Use of Artificial Intelligence to Examine Diversity and Hospital Performance. The Journal of surgical research 2021. link 59 Cao JS, Lu ZY, Chen MY, Zhang B, Juengpanich S, Hu JH et al.. Artificial intelligence in gastroenterology and hepatology: Status and challenges. World journal of gastroenterology 2021. link 60 Chen H, Sung JJY. Potentials of AI in medical image analysis in Gastroenterology and Hepatology. Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology 2021. link 61 Bojo Canales C, Perdiguero-Gil E. A bibliometric study of Revista Española de Enfermedades Digestivas (REED) based on SciELO indicators for the period 2004-2018. Revista espanola de enfermedades digestivas 2021. link 62 Isoldi S, Cucchiara S, Repici A, Lerner DG, Thomson M, Oliva S. Gastrointestinal endoscopy in children and adults: How do they differ?. Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver 2021. link 63 Vrba R, Neoral Č, Gregořík M, Hlaváčová L, Katherine V, Stašek M. Gastropericardial fistula in a patient with upside-down stomach and stomach perforation: a case report. Acta chirurgica Belgica 2021. link 64 Holm MO, Mikkelsen S, Zacher N, Østergaard T, Rasmussen HH, Holst M. High risk of disease-related malnutrition in gastroenterology outpatients. Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.) 2020. link 65 Wills JW, Robertson J, Summers HD, Miniter M, Barnes C, Hewitt RE et al.. Image-Based Cell Profiling Enables Quantitative Tissue Microscopy in Gastroenterology. Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology 2020. link 66 Leite C, Trindade EN, Grillo LW, Trindade MRM. Gastrointestinal emergency care during the COVID-19 pandemic: rapid communication. Revista da Associacao Medica Brasileira (1992) 2020. link 67 Chen D, Wu L, Li Y, Zhang J, Liu J, Huang L et al.. Comparing blind spots of unsedated ultrafine, sedated, and unsedated conventional gastroscopy with and without artificial intelligence: a prospective, single-blind, 3-parallel-group, randomized, single-center trial. Gastrointestinal endoscopy 2020. link 68 DeNotta SL, Divers TJ. Clinical Pathology in the Adult Sick Horse: The Gastrointestinal System and Liver. The Veterinary clinics of North America. Equine practice 2020. link 69 Manolis AA, Manolis TA, Melita H, Katsiki N, Manolis AS. Proton pump inhibitors and cardiovascular adverse effects: Real or surreal worries?. European journal of internal medicine 2020. link 70 Bjerrum JT, Nielsen OH. Metabonomics in Gastroenterology and Hepatology. International journal of molecular sciences 2019. link 71 Hernandez MC, Madbak F, Parikh K, Crandall M. GI Surgical Emergencies: Scope and Burden of Disease. Journal of gastrointestinal surgery : official journal of the Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract 2019. link 72 Quiñones-Silva J, Sánchez-Aldehuelo R, Solorzano C, Zamorano M, Parejo-Carbonell S. [Anisakiasis as differential diagnosis of acute abdominal pain at the emergencydepartment]. Revista de gastroenterologia del Peru : organo oficial de la Sociedad de Gastroenterologia del Peru 2019. link 73 O'Morain N, O'Morain C. The burden of digestive disease across Europe: Facts and policies. Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver 2019. link 74 Cheung KS, Leung WK, Seto WK. Application of Big Data analysis in gastrointestinal research. World journal of gastroenterology 2019. link 75 Ruffle JK, Farmer AD, Aziz Q. Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Gastroenterology- Promises and Pitfalls. The American journal of gastroenterology 2019. link 76 Günther C, Brevini T, Sampaziotis F, Neurath MF. What gastroenterologists and hepatologists should know about organoids in 2019. Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver 2019. link 77 Chandra L, Borcherding DC, Kingsbury D, Atherly T, Ambrosini YM, Bourgois-Mochel A et al.. Derivation of adult canine intestinal organoids for translational research in gastroenterology. BMC biology 2019. link 78 Nally DM, Sørensen J, Valentelyte G, Hammond L, McNamara D, Kavanagh DO et al.. Volume and in-hospital mortality after emergency abdominal surgery: a national population-based study. BMJ open 2019. link 79 Jeppesen MM, Thygesen LC, Ekeloef S, Gögenur I. A nationwide cohort study of short- and long-term outcomes following emergency laparotomy. Danish medical journal 2019. link 80 Sebastián Domingo JJ, Sánchez Sánchez C. From the intestinal flora to the microbiome. Revista espanola de enfermedades digestivas 2018. link 81 Caviglia GP, Ribaldone DG, Rosso C, Saracco GM, Astegiano M, Pellicano R. Fecal calprotectin: beyond intestinal organic diseases. Panminerva medica 2018. link 82 Klenske E, Neurath MF, Atreya R, Rath T. Molecular imaging in gastroenterology: A route for personalized endoscopy. Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver 2018. link 83 Jeejeebhoy KN, Duerksen DR. Malnutrition in Gastrointestinal Disorders: Detection and Nutritional Assessment. Gastroenterology clinics of North America 2018. link 84 Torramadé E. United European Gastroenterology Week (UEGW) 2017 - 25th Annual Conference (October 28-November 1, 2017 - Barcelona, Spain). Drugs of today (Barcelona, Spain : 1998) 2017. link 85 Crespo J, Jorquera Plaza F. Gastroenterology, a historical specialty with a great future. Revista espanola de enfermedades digestivas 2017. link 86 Siegel CA. Transforming Gastroenterology Care With Telemedicine. Gastroenterology 2017. link 87 Cao Y, Yang J, Li J, Ao X, Zhang KY, Shen XC et al.. Comparison of procedural sequences in same-day painless bidirectional endoscopy: Single-center, prospective, randomized study. Digestive endoscopy : official journal of the Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society 2017. link 88 Xue Y, Farris AB, Quigley B, Krasinskas A. The Impact of New Technologic and Molecular Advances in the Daily Practice of Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary Pathology. Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine 2017. link 89 Frese DA, Thomason JD, Reinhardt C, Bartle S, Rethorst D, Loneragan GH et al.. Twenty-four hour Holter monitoring in finishing cattle housed outdoors. Journal of veterinary cardiology : the official journal of the European Society of Veterinary Cardiology 2017. link 90 Shimizu S, Ohtsuka T, Takahata S, Nagai E, Nakashima N, Tanaka M. Remote transmission of live endoscopy over the Internet: Report from the 87th Congress of the Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society. Digestive endoscopy : official journal of the Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society 2016. link 91 Dubin SM, Vadivelu J, Copur-Dahi N, Miranda L, Palermo D, Pandey B et al.. A Simple Dietary Questionnaire Correlates With Formal Dietitian Evaluation and Frequently Identifies Specific Clinical Interventions in an Outpatient Gastroenterology Clinic. Journal of clinical gastroenterology 2016. link 92 Zilbauer M, Zellos A, Heuschkel R, Gasparetto M, Kraiczy J, Postberg J et al.. Epigenetics in Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition: Present Trends and Future Perspectives. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition 2016. link 93 Castañeda-Guillot C. Pediatric Gastroenterology in Cuba: Evolution and Challenges. MEDICC review 2016. link 94 Ryan D, Pelly F, Purcell E. The activities of a dietitian-led gastroenterology clinic using extended scope of practice. BMC health services research 2016. link 95 Ho CK, Boscardin CK, Gleason N, Collado D, Terdiman J, Terrault NA et al.. Optimizing the pre-referral workup for gastroenterology and hepatology specialty care: consensus using the Delphi method. Journal of evaluation in clinical practice 2016. link 96 Saleem N, Xu S. Overview of High-Risk Medical Device Innovation in Gastroenterology from 2000 to 2014: Enhancing the Pipeline. Digestive diseases and sciences 2016. link 97 Salk A, Ehrenpreis ED. Attitudes and Usage of the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System Among Gastroenterology Nurse Practitioners and Physician Assistants. Gastroenterology nursing : the official journal of the Society of Gastroenterology Nurses and Associates 2016. link 98 Khodadad A, Aflatoonian M, Jalilian R, Babaei N, Motamed F, Ebrahime Soltani A et al.. Comparison of Oral Midazolam With Intravenous Midazolam for Sedation Children During Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. Acta medica Iranica 2016. link 99 McConachie EL, Giguère S, Rapoport G, Barton MH. Heart rate variability in horses with acute gastrointestinal disease requiring exploratory laparotomy. Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care (San Antonio, Tex. : 2001) 2016. link 100 Aurora R, Sanford T. Host Microbiota Contributes to Health and Response to Disease. Missouri medicine 2015. link

Original source

[1]
Application of AI in neonatal gastroenterology and nutrition. — Shalish W, Neu J, Sant'Anna G Seminars in fetal & neonatal medicine (2026)
[2]
Impact of an Interactive, Case-Based Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition Curriculum on General Pediatric Resident Competency and Knowledge Retention. — Eslami K, Diaz Calderon LM, Racherla VR, Giudice EL, Sikorski MJ, Doll S et al. MedEdPORTAL : the journal of teaching and learning resources (2026)
[3]
Developing Global Gastrointestinal Care Capacity: Lessons Learned From a New GI Partnership Care Delivery Model in Rwanda. — Bryan MR, Bensen GP, Wipper B, Dunleavy KA, Felicien S, Ingabire P et al. Journal of clinical gastroenterology (2026)
[4]
Prevalence of anxiety, depression and associated risk factors in gastroenterology outpatients: a multicenter cross-sectional study. — Dong Q, Li S, Zhu X, Lin K, Li Y, Wang S et al. BMC gastroenterology (2026)
[5]
Artificial Intelligence for Gastroenterology Practice: A Modified Delphi Consensus. — Gross SA, Shaukat A, Afzali A, Ahn JC, Bajaj JS, Barkin JA et al. The American journal of gastroenterology (2026)
[6]
Approach to anaemia in gastrointestinal disease: A position paper by the ESPGHAN Gastroenterology Committee. — Broekaert IJ, Assa A, Borrelli O, Saccomani MD, Homan M, Martin-de-Carpi J et al. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition (2025)
[7]
A foundation systematic review of natural language processing applied to gastroenterology & hepatology. — Stammers M, Ramgopal B, Owusu Nimako A, Vyas A, Nouraei R, Metcalf C et al. BMC gastroenterology (2025)
[8]
Will Rogers Paradox in Gastroenterology. — Sonnenberg A, Buchner AM Digestive diseases and sciences (2025)
[9]
Utility of endoscopy in paediatric gastroenterology and hepatology-Review and updates. — Sathiaseelan M, Grammatikopoulos T Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver (2025)
[10]
The Role of Artificial Intelligence and Big Data for Gastrointestinal Disease. — Holt NM, Byrne MF Gastrointestinal endoscopy clinics of North America (2025)
[11]
Empowering GI fellows to lead the change: A national survey on strengths and opportunities to enhance gastroenterology training in Saudi Arabia. — Gardezi SA, Albagshi JM, Almuhaidb A, Alajlan B, Al Jawad M Saudi journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Saudi Gastroenterology Association (2025)
[12]
Exploring the clinical value of concept-based AI explanations in gastrointestinal disease detection. — Storås AM, Dreyer M, Pahde F, Lapuschkin S, Samek W, Halvorsen P et al. Scientific reports (2025)
[13]
Implementation of a Trauma-Informed Care Approach in a Gastroenterology Setting. — Szkodny LE, Bardach SH, Hacker K, Tormey LK, Gohres K, Siegel CA et al. Digestive diseases and sciences (2025)
[14]
RCPE in association with the American College of Gastroenterology and the Scottish Society of Gastroenterology - Gastroenterology: A global perspective. — Murray J, Kefayat A, Finlayson M, Seenan JP, Hsu R, Din S The journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh (2025)
[15]
Gastroenterology in the age of artificial intelligence: Bridging technology and clinical practice. — Mehta Y, Mehta S, Bhayani V, Parikh S, Mehta R World journal of gastroenterology (2025)
[16]
Multicenter evaluation of the impact of COVID-19 on the uptake of endoscopic skills by gastroenterology trainees. — Cheloff AZ, Lee B, Kim L, Karnik N, Lin E, Lee M et al. Surgical endoscopy (2025)
[17]
Emerging role of artificial intelligence in gastroenterology and hepatology. — Shrestha UK World journal of gastroenterology (2025)
[18]
Revolutionizing gastroenterology and hepatology with artificial intelligence: From precision diagnosis to equitable healthcare through interdisciplinary practice. — Chen ZL, Wang C, Wang F World journal of gastroenterology (2025)
[19]
Investigating the "off-hour effect" on outcomes of neonates undergoing emergency gastrointestinal surgery. — Cui Y PeerJ (2025)
[20]
Impact of COVID-19 on urgent gastrointestinal surgery outcomes: increased mortality in 2020. — Gouel-Chéron A, Sallah K, Sawadogo S, Dupont A, Montravers P World journal of emergency surgery : WJES (2025)
[21]
Dexmedetomidine-Propofol Versus Propofol Alone for Sedation in Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Ultrasound: A Randomized Comparative Study. — Liu Y, Shen Y, Zhong H Clinical therapeutics (2025)
[22]
From classroom to clinic: evaluating a clinical pathology course to strengthen pathology report literacy of medical interns. — Abbasi F, Ayremlu P, Niazkhani Z BMC medical education (2025)
[23]
Gender authorship in major American and European gastroenterology journals: the gap is still unfilled. — Mastrorocco E, Terrin M, Migliorisi G, Masoni B, Farinola V, De Deo D et al. Endoscopy (2024)
[24]
Gastroenterology Fellowship and Postdoctoral Training in Omics and Statistics-Part I: Why Is It Needed? — Alizadeh M, Sampaio Moura N, Schledwitz A, Patil SA, Ravel J, Raufman JP Digestive diseases and sciences (2024)
[25]
Principle of sample size calculation in gastroenterology research: a practical guide for clinicians. — Facciorusso A, Domislovic V, Fuccio L, Boskoski I, Spada C, Capurso G et al. Expert review of gastroenterology & hepatology (2024)
[26]
The United European Gastroenterology green paper-climate change and gastroenterology. — Duijvestein M, Sidhu R, Zimmermann K, Carrington EV, Hann A, Sousa P et al. United European gastroenterology journal (2024)
[27]
Discrepancies between pre-specified and reported primary outcomes: A cross-sectional analysis of randomized controlled trials in gastroenterology and hepatology journals. — Shang BH, Yang FH, Lin Y, Bialka S, Rensburg DCJV, Tonelli AR et al. PloS one (2024)
[28]
Anatomical Benchmarks in the Training of Gastroenterologists. — Dumitrascu DI, Rusu I, Filip A Journal of gastrointestinal and liver diseases : JGLD (2024)
[29]
Long-term risk of venous thromboembolism among patients with gastrointestinal non-neoplastic and neoplastic diseases: A prospective cohort study of 484 211 individuals. — Yuan S, Sun Y, Chen J, Li X, Larsson SC American journal of hematology (2024)
[30]
Advances in Nutrition in Pediatric Gastroenterology. — Krishnan U, Day AS Nutrients (2023)
[31]
New Advances in Gastroenterology: The Crucial Role of Molecular Medicine. — Candelli M, Franceschi F International journal of molecular sciences (2023)
[32]
Involvement in National Gastroenterological Societies for Professional Development and Career Advancement: Tips for Trainees. — Persaud A, Bilal M Digestive diseases and sciences (2023)
[33]
Development and Implementation of DIGEST: The Digital Interactive Gastroenterology Education Suite for Trainees. — Reeves PT, Min SB, Kolasinski NT Military medicine (2023)
[34]
Developing a Novel Case-Based Gastroenterology/Hepatology Online Resource for Enhanced Education During and After the COVID-19 Pandemic. — Goodman MC, Chesner JH, Pourmand K, Farouk SS, Shah BJ, Rao BB Digestive diseases and sciences (2023)
[35]
Clinical Presentation of Alpha-Gal Syndrome in Pediatric Gastroenterology and Response to Mammalian Dietary Elimination. — Busing JD, Stone CA, Nicholson MR The American journal of gastroenterology (2023)
[36]
The North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition Position on the Role of the Registered Dietitian Nutritionist in the Care of the Pediatric Patient With Chronic Gastrointestinal Diseases. — Walia CLS, Cerezo CS, Smith A, Turner J, Moses J, Vermilyea S et al. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition (2023)
[37]
Challenges involved in the application of artificial intelligence in gastroenterology: The race is on! — Christou CD, Tsoulfas G World journal of gastroenterology (2023)
[38]
Big Data in Gastroenterology Research. — Alizadeh M, Sampaio Moura N, Schledwitz A, Patil SA, Ravel J, Raufman JP International journal of molecular sciences (2023)
[39]
Application and impact of Lasso regression in gastroenterology: A systematic review. — Ali H, Shahzad M, Sarfraz S, Sewell KB, Alqalyoobi S, Mohan BP Indian journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology (2023)
[40]
Tools to Measure the Impact of Structural Racism and Discrimination on Gastrointestinal and Hepatology Disease Outcomes: A Scoping Review. — Liu JJ, DeCuir N, Kia L, Peterson J, Miller C, Issaka RB Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association (2023)
[41]
[Gastrointestinal and hepatic emergencies in acute and emergency care]. — Kasper P, Demir M, Chon SH, Bruns CJ, Goeser T, Michels G Medizinische Klinik, Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin (2023)
[42]
Neurologic Manifestations of Gastrointestinal and Nutritional Disorders. — Diesing TS Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn.) (2023)
[43]
Translational, Precision, and Personalized Medicine in Gastroenterology. — Candelli M International journal of molecular sciences (2022)
[44]
Black voices in gastroenterology and hepatology. — Culpepper-Morgan JA, Guillaume A, Louissaint J, Williams R Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology (2022)
[45]
Factors associated with non-attendance at appointments in the gastroenterology endoscopy unit: a retrospective cohort study. — Yılmaz H, Kocyigit B PeerJ (2022)
[46]
Recent Applications of Artificial Intelligence in the Detection of Gastrointestinal, Hepatic and Pancreatic Diseases. — Kumar R, Khan FU, Sharma A, Aziz IBA, Poddar NK Current medicinal chemistry (2022)
[47]
Sudden death related to the gastrointestinal system in Tunisia: A 13 year autopsy study. — Ben Abderrahim S, Gharbaoui M, Békir O, Hamdoun M, Allouche M Journal of forensic sciences (2022)
[48]
Nutrition in Pediatric Gastroenterology. — Romano C, Dipasquale V Nutrients (2021)
[49]
Gastroenterology: Naming a discipline. — Janssen DF Arab journal of gastroenterology : the official publication of the Pan-Arab Association of Gastroenterology (2021)
[50]
Arrival in port. — Pérez-Cuadrado Martínez E Revista espanola de enfermedades digestivas (2021)
[51]
The "Fonds Georges Brohée": a longstanding Belgian national initiative to stimulate research in hepatogastroenterology. — Borbath I, Fiasse R, Van Hootegem P Acta gastro-enterologica Belgica (2021)
[52]
Challenges of developing artificial intelligence-assisted tools for clinical medicine. — Shung DL, Sung JJY Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology (2021)
[53]
SingHealth Radiology Archives pictorial essay Part 2: gastroenterology, musculoskeletal, and obstetrics and gynaecology cases. — Tan MB, Tan KP, Beh JCY, Chan EYK, Chin KFW, Chin ZY et al. Singapore medical journal (2021)
[54]
Artificial intelligence in gastroenterology: A state-of-the-art review. — Kröner PT, Engels MM, Glicksberg BS, Johnson KW, Mzaik O, van Hooft JE et al. World journal of gastroenterology (2021)
[55]
Correct use of telemedicine in gastroenterology, hepatology, and endoscopy during and after the COVID-19 pandemic: Recommendations from the Italian association of hospital gastroenterologists and endoscopists (AIGO). — Costantino A, Bortoluzzi F, Giuffrè M, Vassallo R, Montalbano LM, Monica F et al. Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver (2021)
[56]
Endoscopic part-task training box scores correlate with endoscopic outcomes. — Ou A, Shin CM, Goodman AJ, Poles MA, Popov VB Surgical endoscopy (2021)
[57]
Successful Distancing: Telemedicine in Gastroenterology and Hepatology During the COVID-19 Pandemic. — Perisetti A, Goyal H Digestive diseases and sciences (2021)
[58]
A Novel Use of Artificial Intelligence to Examine Diversity and Hospital Performance. — Mathis MS, Badewa TE, Obiarinze RN, Wilkinson LT, Martin CA The Journal of surgical research (2021)
[59]
Artificial intelligence in gastroenterology and hepatology: Status and challenges. — Cao JS, Lu ZY, Chen MY, Zhang B, Juengpanich S, Hu JH et al. World journal of gastroenterology (2021)
[60]
Potentials of AI in medical image analysis in Gastroenterology and Hepatology. — Chen H, Sung JJY Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology (2021)
[61]
A bibliometric study of Revista Española de Enfermedades Digestivas (REED) based on SciELO indicators for the period 2004-2018. — Bojo Canales C, Perdiguero-Gil E Revista espanola de enfermedades digestivas (2021)
[62]
Gastrointestinal endoscopy in children and adults: How do they differ? — Isoldi S, Cucchiara S, Repici A, Lerner DG, Thomson M, Oliva S Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver (2021)
[63]
Gastropericardial fistula in a patient with upside-down stomach and stomach perforation: a case report. — Vrba R, Neoral Č, Gregořík M, Hlaváčová L, Katherine V, Stašek M Acta chirurgica Belgica (2021)
[64]
High risk of disease-related malnutrition in gastroenterology outpatients. — Holm MO, Mikkelsen S, Zacher N, Østergaard T, Rasmussen HH, Holst M Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.) (2020)
[65]
Image-Based Cell Profiling Enables Quantitative Tissue Microscopy in Gastroenterology. — Wills JW, Robertson J, Summers HD, Miniter M, Barnes C, Hewitt RE et al. Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology (2020)
[66]
Gastrointestinal emergency care during the COVID-19 pandemic: rapid communication. — Leite C, Trindade EN, Grillo LW, Trindade MRM Revista da Associacao Medica Brasileira (1992) (2020)
[67]
Comparing blind spots of unsedated ultrafine, sedated, and unsedated conventional gastroscopy with and without artificial intelligence: a prospective, single-blind, 3-parallel-group, randomized, single-center trial. — Chen D, Wu L, Li Y, Zhang J, Liu J, Huang L et al. Gastrointestinal endoscopy (2020)
[68]
Clinical Pathology in the Adult Sick Horse: The Gastrointestinal System and Liver. — DeNotta SL, Divers TJ The Veterinary clinics of North America. Equine practice (2020)
[69]
Proton pump inhibitors and cardiovascular adverse effects: Real or surreal worries? — Manolis AA, Manolis TA, Melita H, Katsiki N, Manolis AS European journal of internal medicine (2020)
[70]
Metabonomics in Gastroenterology and Hepatology. — Bjerrum JT, Nielsen OH International journal of molecular sciences (2019)
[71]
GI Surgical Emergencies: Scope and Burden of Disease. — Hernandez MC, Madbak F, Parikh K, Crandall M Journal of gastrointestinal surgery : official journal of the Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract (2019)
[72]
[Anisakiasis as differential diagnosis of acute abdominal pain at the emergencydepartment]. — Quiñones-Silva J, Sánchez-Aldehuelo R, Solorzano C, Zamorano M, Parejo-Carbonell S Revista de gastroenterologia del Peru : organo oficial de la Sociedad de Gastroenterologia del Peru (2019)
[73]
The burden of digestive disease across Europe: Facts and policies. — O'Morain N, O'Morain C Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver (2019)
[74]
Application of Big Data analysis in gastrointestinal research. — Cheung KS, Leung WK, Seto WK World journal of gastroenterology (2019)
[75]
Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Gastroenterology- Promises and Pitfalls. — Ruffle JK, Farmer AD, Aziz Q The American journal of gastroenterology (2019)
[76]
What gastroenterologists and hepatologists should know about organoids in 2019. — Günther C, Brevini T, Sampaziotis F, Neurath MF Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver (2019)
[77]
Derivation of adult canine intestinal organoids for translational research in gastroenterology. — Chandra L, Borcherding DC, Kingsbury D, Atherly T, Ambrosini YM, Bourgois-Mochel A et al. BMC biology (2019)
[78]
Volume and in-hospital mortality after emergency abdominal surgery: a national population-based study. — Nally DM, Sørensen J, Valentelyte G, Hammond L, McNamara D, Kavanagh DO et al. BMJ open (2019)
[79]
A nationwide cohort study of short- and long-term outcomes following emergency laparotomy. — Jeppesen MM, Thygesen LC, Ekeloef S, Gögenur I Danish medical journal (2019)
[80]
From the intestinal flora to the microbiome. — Sebastián Domingo JJ, Sánchez Sánchez C Revista espanola de enfermedades digestivas (2018)
[81]
Fecal calprotectin: beyond intestinal organic diseases. — Caviglia GP, Ribaldone DG, Rosso C, Saracco GM, Astegiano M, Pellicano R Panminerva medica (2018)
[82]
Molecular imaging in gastroenterology: A route for personalized endoscopy. — Klenske E, Neurath MF, Atreya R, Rath T Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver (2018)
[83]
Malnutrition in Gastrointestinal Disorders: Detection and Nutritional Assessment. — Jeejeebhoy KN, Duerksen DR Gastroenterology clinics of North America (2018)
[84]
United European Gastroenterology Week (UEGW) 2017 - 25th Annual Conference (October 28-November 1, 2017 - Barcelona, Spain). — Torramadé E Drugs of today (Barcelona, Spain : 1998) (2017)
[85]
Gastroenterology, a historical specialty with a great future. — Crespo J, Jorquera Plaza F Revista espanola de enfermedades digestivas (2017)
[86]
Transforming Gastroenterology Care With Telemedicine. — Siegel CA Gastroenterology (2017)
[87]
Comparison of procedural sequences in same-day painless bidirectional endoscopy: Single-center, prospective, randomized study. — Cao Y, Yang J, Li J, Ao X, Zhang KY, Shen XC et al. Digestive endoscopy : official journal of the Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society (2017)
[88]
The Impact of New Technologic and Molecular Advances in the Daily Practice of Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary Pathology. — Xue Y, Farris AB, Quigley B, Krasinskas A Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine (2017)
[89]
Twenty-four hour Holter monitoring in finishing cattle housed outdoors. — Frese DA, Thomason JD, Reinhardt C, Bartle S, Rethorst D, Loneragan GH et al. Journal of veterinary cardiology : the official journal of the European Society of Veterinary Cardiology (2017)
[90]
Remote transmission of live endoscopy over the Internet: Report from the 87th Congress of the Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society. — Shimizu S, Ohtsuka T, Takahata S, Nagai E, Nakashima N, Tanaka M Digestive endoscopy : official journal of the Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society (2016)
[91]
A Simple Dietary Questionnaire Correlates With Formal Dietitian Evaluation and Frequently Identifies Specific Clinical Interventions in an Outpatient Gastroenterology Clinic. — Dubin SM, Vadivelu J, Copur-Dahi N, Miranda L, Palermo D, Pandey B et al. Journal of clinical gastroenterology (2016)
[92]
Epigenetics in Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition: Present Trends and Future Perspectives. — Zilbauer M, Zellos A, Heuschkel R, Gasparetto M, Kraiczy J, Postberg J et al. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition (2016)
[93]
Pediatric Gastroenterology in Cuba: Evolution and Challenges. — Castañeda-Guillot C MEDICC review (2016)
[94]
The activities of a dietitian-led gastroenterology clinic using extended scope of practice. — Ryan D, Pelly F, Purcell E BMC health services research (2016)
[95]
Optimizing the pre-referral workup for gastroenterology and hepatology specialty care: consensus using the Delphi method. — Ho CK, Boscardin CK, Gleason N, Collado D, Terdiman J, Terrault NA et al. Journal of evaluation in clinical practice (2016)
[96]
Overview of High-Risk Medical Device Innovation in Gastroenterology from 2000 to 2014: Enhancing the Pipeline. — Saleem N, Xu S Digestive diseases and sciences (2016)
[97]
Attitudes and Usage of the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System Among Gastroenterology Nurse Practitioners and Physician Assistants. — Salk A, Ehrenpreis ED Gastroenterology nursing : the official journal of the Society of Gastroenterology Nurses and Associates (2016)
[98]
Comparison of Oral Midazolam With Intravenous Midazolam for Sedation Children During Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. — Khodadad A, Aflatoonian M, Jalilian R, Babaei N, Motamed F, Ebrahime Soltani A et al. Acta medica Iranica (2016)
[99]
Heart rate variability in horses with acute gastrointestinal disease requiring exploratory laparotomy. — McConachie EL, Giguère S, Rapoport G, Barton MH Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care (San Antonio, Tex. : 2001) (2016)
[100]
Host Microbiota Contributes to Health and Response to Disease. — Aurora R, Sanford T Missouri medicine (2015)

Share:Twitter Reddit LinkedIn