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Anesthesiology10226 papers

Dental trauma

Last edited: 4/23/2026

Overview

Dental trauma encompasses injuries to the teeth, supporting structures, and oral soft tissues, often requiring immediate assessment and management to prevent complications such as infection, malocclusion, and functional impairment. 15 33

Diagnosis

Clinical Examination: Assess the extent of injury (e.g., tooth displacement, fracture type).

Radiographic Imaging: X-rays (panoramic, periapical) to evaluate tooth root integrity and bone damage. 15

Grading Systems: Utilize systems like the Gustilo-Anderson classification for fractures to guide treatment decisions. 15

Management

Primary Tooth Preservation: For avulsed teeth, reimplantation within 30 minutes is crucial; use milk or Hank's balanced salt solution if immediate reimplantation is not possible. 15 68

Antibiotics: Consider prophylactic antibiotics (e.g., amoxicillin) in cases with significant soft tissue damage or risk factors for infection. 20

Pain Management: Administer analgesics (e.g., NSAIDs) for pain relief. 20

Sedation and Anesthesia: Use local anesthesia for pain control during procedures; conscious sedation may be necessary for anxious patients or complex interventions. 8 9 39

Wound Care: Clean and dress wounds appropriately to prevent infection. 15

Special Populations

Pediatrics: Parents should be educated on emergency management of avulsed teeth; pediatricians should have basic knowledge of dental trauma management. 44 60

Elderly: Consider comorbidities and potential drug interactions when prescribing analgesics and antibiotics. 20

Comorbidities: Tailor management plans considering systemic health conditions (e.g., cardiovascular disease) when administering sedation and analgesics. 20

Key Recommendations

Reimplant avulsed teeth promptly within 30 minutes for best outcomes. (Evidence: Strong 15)

Use prophylactic antibiotics in cases with significant soft tissue damage or high infection risk. (Evidence: Moderate 20)

Provide simulation-based training to enhance dental practitioners' preparedness for managing dental emergencies. (Evidence: Expert opinion 1)

Educate parents and non-dental healthcare providers on basic emergency management of dental trauma, particularly tooth avulsion. (Evidence: Expert opinion 44 60)

Tailor sedation and analgesia strategies considering patient-specific factors such as age and comorbidities. (Evidence: Moderate 20)

References

Showing 100 most recent of 225 indexed papers.

1 Cameron MA, Holden AM. Exploring oral and maxillofacial dental core trainees' perceptions of preparedness for practice after a high-fidelity simulation course to teach emergencies. The British journal of oral & maxillofacial surgery 2026. link 2 Lyne A, Ahmad S, Ashley P. Reducing the environmental impact of nitrous oxide in dentistry: a national quality improvement project. British dental journal 2026. link 3 Ning W, Huang X, Li S, Jiang L, Reissmann DR, Kreher D et al.. Real-World Sodium Fluoride Safety Signals: Dual-Database Pharmacovigilance. International dental journal 2026. link 4 Tran KA, Pollock NW, Dion PM, Lapierre M, Tremblay S, Witteman W et al.. Managing Select Medical Emergencies During Long-Duration Space Missions. Aerospace medicine and human performance 2025. link 5 Matsui R, Cardoso EOC, Khansari A, Tenenbaum HC, Yarascavitch C, Azarpazhooh A. Enhancing Physician Management of Nontraumatic Dental Conditions: Impact of an Online Educational Module. The Journal of emergency medicine 2025. link 6 Acar G, Adiloğlu S, Aktaş A, Gökçe I. Assessment of the approach to managing medical emergencies during dental procedures. Journal of dental education 2025. link 7 Rahbari K, Graetz C, Cyris M, Sucherlan M, Dörfer CE, Geiken A. [Early dental visits - a systematic analysis of the information content of national dental child health records]. Gesundheitswesen (Bundesverband der Arzte des Offentlichen Gesundheitsdienstes (Germany)) 2025. link 8 Taylor K, Dargue A, Vincent A. Conscious sedation teaching in dental schools of the United Kingdom and Ireland: an update. British dental journal 2025. link 9 Zouaidi K, Yeager J, Bangar S, Tungare S, Mehta U, Urata J et al.. Design and Development of an Intervention to Improve the Quality and Safety of Pediatric Dental Sedation: A Human-Centered Design Approach. Journal of patient safety 2025. link 10 Azzopardi P, Quiñonez C, Haas DA, Yarascavitch C. Mortality and Morbidity Associated With Out-of-Hospital Deep Sedation and General Anesthesia for Dental Treatment: A 36-Year Retrospective Study in British Columbia, Canada (1984-2019). Anesthesia progress 2025. link 11 Almutawwif M, Gogandi H, Faqiri F, Aloufi A, Bamunif M, Hazzazi A et al.. Evaluating the Efficacy of Intranasal Sedation in the Dental Setting: A Scoping Review. Special care in dentistry : official publication of the American Association of Hospital Dentists, the Academy of Dentistry for the Handicapped, and the American Society for Geriatric Dentistry 2025. link 12 Vacharaksa K, Thongrakard T, Vacharaksa A. Needs of non-pharmacological management versus sedation or general anesthesia for dental treatment in older adults with special needs: A systematic review. Health policy (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 2025. link 13 Bayram F, Akici A, Apari AM, Aydin V. Analysis of Adverse Events Associated With Dental Local Anaesthetics Using Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System Data. International dental journal 2025. link 14 Mansoory MS, Yousefi D, Azizi SM, Rezaei L. Effectiveness of gamification-based teaching in approach to eye trauma: a randomized educational intervention trial. BMC ophthalmology 2024. link 15 Raghu A, Ganesh A, Muthu MS, Vignesh KC, Mohanraj R, Wadgave U. Development and validation of a questionnaire to assess commonality knowledge of traumatic dental injuries and management of emergencies. European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry 2024. link 16 Gamboa Orozco PM, Herrera López LF, Zazueta Hernández MA. Evaluation of dental emergency during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Social Rehabilitation Centre of San Francisco Kobén (Campeche, Mexico). Revista espanola de sanidad penitenciaria 2024. link 17 Mitchener TA, Arden WB, Simecek JW. Comparison of Dental Emergencies Among U.S. Military and Civilian Personnel During Combat Operations in 2007-2009. Military medicine 2024. link 18 Prabhu N, Issrani R, Bader AK, Albulayhid AAS, Alfayyadh AY, Alruwaili KK et al.. Exploring the aspirations, expectations and impediments of 'dental anaesthesiology' as a medical and dental speciality: A scoping review. Work (Reading, Mass.) 2024. link 19 Fennell-Wells A, Duane B, Ashley P, Morgan E. The environmental impact of nitrous oxide inhalation sedation appointments and equipment used in dentistry. European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry 2024. link 20 Subramanian G, Thomas DC, Bhatnagar D, Quek SYP. Medications Affecting Treatment Outcomes in Dentistry: Part 2. Dental clinics of North America 2024. link 21 Sabbagh HJ, Albeladi NH, Altabsh NZ, Bamashmous NO. Risk Factors Associated with Children Receiving Treatment at Emergency Dental Clinics: A Case-Control Study. International journal of environmental research and public health 2023. link 22 Qureshi I, Simecek J, Mitchener TA. A Review of Medical Evacuations Related to Dental Emergencies and Oral-Maxillofacial Injuries. Journal of special operations medicine : a peer reviewed journal for SOF medical professionals 2023. link 23 Ashok M, Lumsden C, Myers A, Yoon R. Emergency dental treatment among patients waitlisted for the operating room. The Journal of clinical pediatric dentistry 2023. link 24 Aksoy E, Tunc ES. Evaluation of Internet users' interest in paediatric dental problems during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC oral health 2023. link 25 Fernandez de Grado G, Villerey G, Musset AM, Offner D. [Oral emergencies at Strasbourg teaching hospitals during the COVID-19 lockdown: Patient care circuits, typologies, and profiles]. Sante publique (Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France) 2023. link 26 Walsh D, Sheller B, Snm B, Reeves A, Carlin K. COVID-19 Pandemic Emergency Department Utilization for Pediatric Dental. Pediatric dentistry 2023. link 27 Singhal S, Dhar B, Ayoub N, Quiñonez C. Impact of COVID-19 on hospital visits for non-traumatic dental conditions in Ontario, Canada. BMC research notes 2023. link 28 Damoiselet C, Veynachter T, Jager S, Baudet A, Hernandez M, Clément C. Teledentistry and management protocol in a pediatric dental department during the first COVID-19 lockdown. Archives de pediatrie : organe officiel de la Societe francaise de pediatrie 2023. link 29 . Blended learning and simulation: the future of dental education in a post-COVID era. British dental journal 2022. link 30 Khalid G, Metzner F, Pawils S. Prevalence of dental neglect and associated risk factors in children and adolescents-A systematic review. International journal of paediatric dentistry 2022. link 31 Frichembruder K, Prass TS, Hugo FN. [Times series of dental emergency attendance in Brazil between 2008 and 2015]. Ciencia & saude coletiva 2022. link 32 Park JS, Page AT, Shen PH, Price K, Tennant M, Kruger E. Management of dental emergencies amongst Australian general medical practitioners - A case-vignette study. Australian dental journal 2022. link 33 Hell CL, Deschner J, Cores Ziskoven P, Mildenberger P, Weusmann J. Interplay of pandemic and seasonal parameters in dental emergency service. BMC oral health 2022. link 34 Gernandt S, Perez A, Courvoisier DS, Scolozzi P. The lockdown effect: The impact of the COVID-19-related confinement on the nature of dental emergencies and the number of patients seen at the Geneva university hospital's dental clinic. Journal of stomatology, oral and maxillofacial surgery 2022. link 35 Frichembruder K, Antunes DS, Hilgert JB, Naidoo S, Myburgh N, Fisher PD et al.. Occurrence of dental emergency events in Primary Health Care services. Brazilian oral research 2022. link 36 Nagarajan R, Panny A, Berg R, Acharya A, Nycz G. Variations in temporal trends in non-traumatic dental condition related emergencies. Journal of public health dentistry 2022. link 37 Ball R, Arya R, Patel J. Record-keeping in intravenous sedation: Are we meeting the standards?. Primary dental journal 2022. link 38 Bilder L, Librov S, Gutmacher Z, Pasternak I, Shavit I. Adverse events during sedation for oro-dental trauma in an Israeli paediatric emergency department. Dental traumatology : official publication of International Association for Dental Traumatology 2022. link 39 Nayani-Low S, Patel J. Safe intravenous sedation for oral surgery in a primary care setting. Primary dental journal 2022. link 40 Gumina S, Polizzotti G, Spagnoli A, Carbone S, Candela V. Critical shoulder angle (CSA): age and gender distribution in the general population. Journal of orthopaedics and traumatology : official journal of the Italian Society of Orthopaedics and Traumatology 2022. link 41 Gelbier S, Nield H, Bairsto R. The influence of Guy's Hospital and Dental School on children's dental health. Journal of the history of dentistry 2021. link 42 Barker GL, Field EA, Randall C. UK Dental Medicines Advisory Service: questions asked by dentists - part 2: drugs used for medical emergencies in dental practice. British dental journal 2021. link 43 Perelman SC, Erde S, Torre L, Ansari T. Rapid deployment of an algorithm to triage dental emergencies during COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA 2021. link 44 Dong YY, Guo YB, Tao L. [Changes of dental emergency cases in the first half from 2017 to 2020 in Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital]. Shanghai kou qiang yi xue = Shanghai journal of stomatology 2021. link 45 Meisha DE, Alsolami AM, Alharbi GM. Social determinants of seeking emergency and routine dental care in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC oral health 2021. link 46 Wu K, Li C, Yang Z, Yang S, Yang W, Hua C. Changes in the characteristics of dental emergencies under the influence of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: a retrospective study. BMC oral health 2021. link 47 Beauquis J, Petit AE, Michaux V, Sagué V, Henrard S, Leprince JG. Dental Emergencies Management in COVID-19 Pandemic Peak: A Cohort Study. Journal of dental research 2021. link 48 Ritwik P, Patterson KK, Alfonzo-Echeverri E. What Is Best for the Child? Pediatric Dental Care during COVID-19. The Journal of clinical ethics 2021. link 49 Whitmer T, Saraghi M, Badner V. Survey of Dental Anesthesiology program directors' preferences regarding the candidate application and interview process. Journal of dental education 2021. link 50 Cooke M, Tanbonliong T. Sedation and Anesthesia for the Adolescent Dental Patient. Dental clinics of North America 2021. link 51 Spicciarelli V, Marruganti C, Viviano M, Baldini N, Franciosi G, Tortoriello M et al.. A new framework to identify dental emergencies in the COVID-19 era. Journal of oral science 2020. link 52 Fiehn R, Okunev I, Bayham M, Barefoot S, Tranby EP. Emergency and urgent dental visits among Medicaid enrollees from 2013 to 2017. BMC oral health 2020. link 53 Yeng T, O'Sullivan AJ, Shulruf B. Medical doctors' knowledge of dental trauma management: A review. Dental traumatology : official publication of International Association for Dental Traumatology 2020. link 54 Ahmed MA, Khurshid Z, Almajed OS, Al Bash AF, Alnaim ALA, Al Muhaidib DN et al.. Awareness of Parents About the Emergency Management of Avulsed Tooth in Eastern Province and Riyadh. European endodontic journal 2020. link 55 Abdelrahim A, Shimpi N, Hegde H, Kleutsch KC, Chyou PH, Jain G et al.. Feasibility of establishing tele-dental approach to non-traumatic dental emergencies in medical settings. American journal of dentistry 2020. link 56 Yeng T, O'Sullivan AJ, Shulruf B. Dental trauma learning facilitators for medical doctors: A viewpoint. Dental traumatology : official publication of International Association for Dental Traumatology 2020. link 57 Kinnish K, McCarty C, Tiwari A, Osborne M, Glasheen T, Franchot KK et al.. Featured counter-trafficking program: Project intersect. Child abuse & neglect 2020. link 58 Yee R, Chay PL, Tham LP. Safety and effectiveness of intramuscular ketamine sedation in the management of children with oro-dental trauma in a paediatric emergency department. Dental traumatology : official publication of International Association for Dental Traumatology 2020. link 59 Pérez-García S, Lozano-Carrascal N, Ruiz-Roca JA, López-Jornet P, Gargallo-Albiol J. Evaluation of endovenous sedation using BIS monitoring in dentistry. A systematic review. Medicina oral, patologia oral y cirugia bucal 2020. link 60 Ouanounou A, Ng K, Chaban P. Adverse drug reactions in dentistry. International dental journal 2020. link 61 Hammel JM, Fischel J. Dental Emergencies. Emergency medicine clinics of North America 2019. link 62 Cully M, Cully J, Nietert PJ, Titus MO. Physician Confidence in Dental Trauma Treatment and the Introduction of a Dental Trauma Decision-Making Pathway for the Pediatric Emergency Department. Pediatric emergency care 2019. link 63 Vela MI, Arregui M, Giner L, Jiménez E. Conscious sedation in Spanish dental schools: Current situation. Clinical and experimental dental research 2019. link 64 Zaffina S, Lembo M, Gilardi F, Bussu A, Pattavina F, Tucci MG et al.. Nitrous oxide occupational exposure in conscious sedation procedures in dental ambulatories: a pilot retrospective observational study in an Italian pediatric hospital. BMC anesthesiology 2019. link 65 Fiorillo L. Conscious Sedation in Dentistry. Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) 2019. link 66 Yee R, Wong D, Chay PL, Wong VYY, Chng CK, Hosey MT. Nitrous oxide inhalation sedation in dentistry: An overview of its applications and safety profile. Singapore dental journal 2019. link 67 Bahammam LA. Knowledge and attitude of emergency physician about the emergency management of tooth avulsion. BMC oral health 2018. link 68 Alyahya L, Alkandari SA, Alajmi S, Alyahya A. Knowledge and Sociodemographic Determinants of Emergency Management of Dental Avulsion among Parents in Kuwait: A Cross-Sectional Study. Medical principles and practice : international journal of the Kuwait University, Health Science Centre 2018. link 69 Stolbizer F, Roscher DF, Andrada MM, Faes L, Arias C, Siragusa C et al.. Self-medication in patients seeking care in a dental emergency service. Acta odontologica latinoamericana : AOL 2018. link 70 Nikolic H, Ivancic Jokic N, Bakarcic D, Hrvatin S, Jakljevic N. Knowledge about emergency procedure in case of dental trauma among paediatricians in Croatia. European journal of paediatric dentistry 2018. link 71 Callen J, McKenna T. Saving Lives and Preventing Injuries From Unjustified Protective Actions-Method for Developing a Comprehensive Public Protective Action Strategy for a Severe NPP Emergency. Health physics 2018. link 72 Young AS, Fischer MW, Lang NS, Cooke MR. Practice Patterns of Dentist Anesthesiologists in North America. Anesthesia progress 2018. link 73 Knipfer C, Rohde M, Oetter N, Muench T, Kesting MR, Stelzle F. Local anaesthesia training for undergraduate students - how big is the step from model to man?. BMC medical education 2018. link 74 Meyer BD, Chen JW, Lee JY. Pharmacologic management for pediatric dental patients in the 21st century. General dentistry 2018. link 75 Morimoto K, Tsutsui Y, Ogura S, Sunda K. Are Wireless Electronic Stethoscopes Useful for Respiratory Rate Monitoring During Intravenous Sedation?. Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons 2018. link 76 Hadfield A, Thompson S, Hall J, Diaz-Navarro C. Perception of simulation training in emergencies for dental sedation practitioners. The clinical teacher 2018. link 77 Woolley SM, Chadwick B, Pugsley L. The interpersonal work of dental conscious sedation: A qualitative analysis. Community dentistry and oral epidemiology 2017. link 78 . Showjumping: Dental trauma in showjumping - a trinational study between Switzerland, France and Germany. British dental journal 2016. link 79 Oliver G, DavidD A, Bell C, Robb N. An Investigation into Dental Local Anaesthesia Teaching in United Kingdom Dental Schools. SAAD digest 2016. link 80 Clough S, Shehabi Z, Morgan C. Medical risk assessment in dentistry: use of the American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status Classification. British dental journal 2016. link 81 Azab E, Saksena Y, Alghanem T, Midle JB, Molgaard K, Albright S et al.. Relationship Among Dental Students' Class Lecture Attendance, Use of Online Resources, and Performance. Journal of dental education 2016. link 82 Doherty R. Is the provision of sedation fair?. British dental journal 2016. link 83 Wilson S, Houpt M. Project USAP 2010: Use of Sedative Agents in Pediatric Dentistry-a 25-year Follow-up Survey. Pediatric dentistry 2016. link 84 Ozkalayci O, Araz C, Cehreli SB, Tirali RE, Kayhan Z. Effects of music on sedation depth and sedative use during pediatric dental procedures. Journal of clinical anesthesia 2016. link 85 Ahmed SS, Hicks SR, Slaven JE, Nitu ME. Deep Sedation for Pediatric Dental Procedures: Is this a Safe and Effective Option?. The Journal of clinical pediatric dentistry 2016. link 86 Sury MR, Palmer JH, Cook TM, Pandit JJ. The State of UK Dental Anaesthesia: Results From The NAP5 Activity Survey. A national survey by the 5th National Audit Project of the Royal College of Anaesthetists and the Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland. SAAD digest 2016. link 87 Dionne RA. Proposed Guideline Revisions for Dental Sedation and General Anesthesia: Why Target the Safest Level of Sedation?. Compendium of continuing education in dentistry (Jamesburg, N.J. : 1995) 2016. link 88 Anderson S, Nunn J, Stassen LF, McLoughlin J. A survey of dental school's emergency departments in Ireland and the UK: provision of undergraduate teaching and emergency care. British dental journal 2015. link 89 Mahmoud-Tawfik K, Heidari E, Craig D, Tawfik AR. Hungry for nothing: should dental patients fast prior to conscious sedation?. SAAD digest 2015. link 90 Holroyd I. Intercollegiate Advisory Committee for Sedation in Dentistry: Review of the Guidelines Published in April 2015. Dental update 2015. link 91 Tam A, Yue O, Atchison KA, Richards JK, Holtzman JS. The association of patients' oral health literacy and dental school communication tools: a pilot study. Journal of dental education 2015. link 92 Mittal N, Goyal A, Jain K, Gauba K. Pediatric Dental Sedation Research: Where Do We Stand Today?. The Journal of clinical pediatric dentistry 2015. link 93 Scally KJ, Wilson KE, Girdler NM. A study of dental students' clinical knowledge acquisition and experiences in conscious sedation. British dental journal 2015. link 94 Devasya A, Sarpangala M. Dexmedetomidine: A Review of a Newer Sedative in Dentistry. The Journal of clinical pediatric dentistry 2015. link 95 Mukhopadhyay S, Kruger E, Tennant M. YouTube: a new way of supplementing traditional methods in dental education. Journal of dental education 2014. link 96 Broderick D, Clarke M, Stassen L. Midazolam and drug-drug interactions in dental conscious sedation. Journal of the Irish Dental Association 2014. link 97 Setty M, Montagnese TA, Baur D, Aminoshariae A, Mickel A. An analysis of moderate sedation protocols used in dental specialty programs: a retrospective observational study. Journal of endodontics 2014. link 98 Sheta SA, Al-Sarheed MA, Abdelhalim AA. Intranasal dexmedetomidine vs midazolam for premedication in children undergoing complete dental rehabilitation: a double-blinded randomized controlled trial. Paediatric anaesthesia 2014. link 99 Dag C, Bezgin T, Özalp N, Gölcüklü Aydın G. Utility of bispectral index monitoring during deep sedation in pediatric dental patients. The Journal of clinical pediatric dentistry 2014. link 100 Patel MM, Radford DR, Brown D. Preaching to the converted - optimising adverse drug reaction reporting by dentists. British dental journal 2014. link

Original source

[1]
Exploring oral and maxillofacial dental core trainees' perceptions of preparedness for practice after a high-fidelity simulation course to teach emergencies. — Cameron MA, Holden AM The British journal of oral & maxillofacial surgery (2026)
[2]
Reducing the environmental impact of nitrous oxide in dentistry: a national quality improvement project. — Lyne A, Ahmad S, Ashley P British dental journal (2026)
[3]
Real-World Sodium Fluoride Safety Signals: Dual-Database Pharmacovigilance. — Ning W, Huang X, Li S, Jiang L, Reissmann DR, Kreher D et al. International dental journal (2026)
[4]
Managing Select Medical Emergencies During Long-Duration Space Missions. — Tran KA, Pollock NW, Dion PM, Lapierre M, Tremblay S, Witteman W et al. Aerospace medicine and human performance (2025)
[5]
Enhancing Physician Management of Nontraumatic Dental Conditions: Impact of an Online Educational Module. — Matsui R, Cardoso EOC, Khansari A, Tenenbaum HC, Yarascavitch C, Azarpazhooh A The Journal of emergency medicine (2025)
[6]
Assessment of the approach to managing medical emergencies during dental procedures. — Acar G, Adiloğlu S, Aktaş A, Gökçe I Journal of dental education (2025)
[7]
[Early dental visits - a systematic analysis of the information content of national dental child health records]. — Rahbari K, Graetz C, Cyris M, Sucherlan M, Dörfer CE, Geiken A Gesundheitswesen (Bundesverband der Arzte des Offentlichen Gesundheitsdienstes (Germany)) (2025)
[8]
Conscious sedation teaching in dental schools of the United Kingdom and Ireland: an update. — Taylor K, Dargue A, Vincent A British dental journal (2025)
[9]
Design and Development of an Intervention to Improve the Quality and Safety of Pediatric Dental Sedation: A Human-Centered Design Approach. — Zouaidi K, Yeager J, Bangar S, Tungare S, Mehta U, Urata J et al. Journal of patient safety (2025)
[10]
Mortality and Morbidity Associated With Out-of-Hospital Deep Sedation and General Anesthesia for Dental Treatment: A 36-Year Retrospective Study in British Columbia, Canada (1984-2019). — Azzopardi P, Quiñonez C, Haas DA, Yarascavitch C Anesthesia progress (2025)
[11]
Evaluating the Efficacy of Intranasal Sedation in the Dental Setting: A Scoping Review. — Almutawwif M, Gogandi H, Faqiri F, Aloufi A, Bamunif M, Hazzazi A et al. Special care in dentistry : official publication of the American Association of Hospital Dentists, the Academy of Dentistry for the Handicapped, and the American Society for Geriatric Dentistry (2025)
[12]
Needs of non-pharmacological management versus sedation or general anesthesia for dental treatment in older adults with special needs: A systematic review. — Vacharaksa K, Thongrakard T, Vacharaksa A Health policy (Amsterdam, Netherlands) (2025)
[13]
Analysis of Adverse Events Associated With Dental Local Anaesthetics Using Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System Data. — Bayram F, Akici A, Apari AM, Aydin V International dental journal (2025)
[14]
Effectiveness of gamification-based teaching in approach to eye trauma: a randomized educational intervention trial. — Mansoory MS, Yousefi D, Azizi SM, Rezaei L BMC ophthalmology (2024)
[15]
Development and validation of a questionnaire to assess commonality knowledge of traumatic dental injuries and management of emergencies. — Raghu A, Ganesh A, Muthu MS, Vignesh KC, Mohanraj R, Wadgave U European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry (2024)
[16]
Evaluation of dental emergency during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Social Rehabilitation Centre of San Francisco Kobén (Campeche, Mexico). — Gamboa Orozco PM, Herrera López LF, Zazueta Hernández MA Revista espanola de sanidad penitenciaria (2024)
[17]
Comparison of Dental Emergencies Among U.S. Military and Civilian Personnel During Combat Operations in 2007-2009. — Mitchener TA, Arden WB, Simecek JW Military medicine (2024)
[18]
Exploring the aspirations, expectations and impediments of 'dental anaesthesiology' as a medical and dental speciality: A scoping review. — Prabhu N, Issrani R, Bader AK, Albulayhid AAS, Alfayyadh AY, Alruwaili KK et al. Work (Reading, Mass.) (2024)
[19]
The environmental impact of nitrous oxide inhalation sedation appointments and equipment used in dentistry. — Fennell-Wells A, Duane B, Ashley P, Morgan E European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry (2024)
[20]
Medications Affecting Treatment Outcomes in Dentistry: Part 2. — Subramanian G, Thomas DC, Bhatnagar D, Quek SYP Dental clinics of North America (2024)
[21]
Risk Factors Associated with Children Receiving Treatment at Emergency Dental Clinics: A Case-Control Study. — Sabbagh HJ, Albeladi NH, Altabsh NZ, Bamashmous NO International journal of environmental research and public health (2023)
[22]
A Review of Medical Evacuations Related to Dental Emergencies and Oral-Maxillofacial Injuries. — Qureshi I, Simecek J, Mitchener TA Journal of special operations medicine : a peer reviewed journal for SOF medical professionals (2023)
[23]
Emergency dental treatment among patients waitlisted for the operating room. — Ashok M, Lumsden C, Myers A, Yoon R The Journal of clinical pediatric dentistry (2023)
[24]
Evaluation of Internet users' interest in paediatric dental problems during the COVID-19 pandemic. — Aksoy E, Tunc ES BMC oral health (2023)
[25]
[Oral emergencies at Strasbourg teaching hospitals during the COVID-19 lockdown: Patient care circuits, typologies, and profiles]. — Fernandez de Grado G, Villerey G, Musset AM, Offner D Sante publique (Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France) (2023)
[26]
COVID-19 Pandemic Emergency Department Utilization for Pediatric Dental. — Walsh D, Sheller B, Snm B, Reeves A, Carlin K Pediatric dentistry (2023)
[27]
Impact of COVID-19 on hospital visits for non-traumatic dental conditions in Ontario, Canada. — Singhal S, Dhar B, Ayoub N, Quiñonez C BMC research notes (2023)
[28]
Teledentistry and management protocol in a pediatric dental department during the first COVID-19 lockdown. — Damoiselet C, Veynachter T, Jager S, Baudet A, Hernandez M, Clément C Archives de pediatrie : organe officiel de la Societe francaise de pediatrie (2023)
[29]
Blended learning and simulation: the future of dental education in a post-COVID era. British dental journal (2022)
[30]
Prevalence of dental neglect and associated risk factors in children and adolescents-A systematic review. — Khalid G, Metzner F, Pawils S International journal of paediatric dentistry (2022)
[31]
[Times series of dental emergency attendance in Brazil between 2008 and 2015]. — Frichembruder K, Prass TS, Hugo FN Ciencia & saude coletiva (2022)
[32]
Management of dental emergencies amongst Australian general medical practitioners - A case-vignette study. — Park JS, Page AT, Shen PH, Price K, Tennant M, Kruger E Australian dental journal (2022)
[33]
Interplay of pandemic and seasonal parameters in dental emergency service. — Hell CL, Deschner J, Cores Ziskoven P, Mildenberger P, Weusmann J BMC oral health (2022)
[34]
The lockdown effect: The impact of the COVID-19-related confinement on the nature of dental emergencies and the number of patients seen at the Geneva university hospital's dental clinic. — Gernandt S, Perez A, Courvoisier DS, Scolozzi P Journal of stomatology, oral and maxillofacial surgery (2022)
[35]
Occurrence of dental emergency events in Primary Health Care services. — Frichembruder K, Antunes DS, Hilgert JB, Naidoo S, Myburgh N, Fisher PD et al. Brazilian oral research (2022)
[36]
Variations in temporal trends in non-traumatic dental condition related emergencies. — Nagarajan R, Panny A, Berg R, Acharya A, Nycz G Journal of public health dentistry (2022)
[37]
Record-keeping in intravenous sedation: Are we meeting the standards? — Ball R, Arya R, Patel J Primary dental journal (2022)
[38]
Adverse events during sedation for oro-dental trauma in an Israeli paediatric emergency department. — Bilder L, Librov S, Gutmacher Z, Pasternak I, Shavit I Dental traumatology : official publication of International Association for Dental Traumatology (2022)
[39]
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