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Vascular Surgery2560 papers

Wound botulism

Last edited: 4/23/2026

Overview

Wound botulism is a rare but severe condition characterized by muscle paralysis resulting from the action of botulinum neurotoxins produced by Clostridium botulinum within a wound. It typically occurs in contaminated traumatic injuries or, less commonly, in individuals with preexisting wounds.

Diagnosis

Clinical Presentation: Progressive muscle weakness, particularly in an asymmetric pattern, often accompanied by fever and localized wound infection 1 2.

Laboratory Tests: Elevated white blood cell count, presence of clostridial organisms in wound cultures 1 2.

Neurological Examination: Assess for signs of cranial nerve involvement and muscle strength 1 2.

Electromyography (EMG): May show characteristic changes indicative of neuromuscular junction dysfunction 1 2.

Toxicology Testing: Detection of botulinum toxin in wound exudate or serum using ELISA or PCR 1 2.

Management

Antibiotics: Initiate broad-spectrum antibiotics to target potential wound infections, followed by targeted therapy based on culture results 1 2.

Antitoxin Administration: Immediate administration of botulism immunoglobulin or human botulism immune globulin (BIG) 1 2.

Supportive Care: Mechanical ventilation support for respiratory failure, intensive care monitoring, and management of complications 1 2.

Wound Care: Aggressive debridement and proper wound management to remove necrotic tissue and prevent further toxin production 1 2.

Nutritional Support: Ensure adequate nutritional status to support healing and recovery 1 2.

Special Populations

Elderly: Increased susceptibility to complications due to comorbid conditions and slower healing processes 1 2.

Comorbidities: Presence of diabetes or peripheral vascular disease may complicate wound healing and increase risk of infection 1 2.

Key Recommendations

Immediate Antitoxin Administration: Administer botulism immune globulin or immunoglobulin promptly upon suspicion of wound botulism (Evidence: Strong 1).

Aggressive Wound Debridement: Perform thorough debridement of infected wounds to remove necrotic tissue and reduce toxin production (Evidence: Moderate 1).

Supportive Respiratory Care: Provide mechanical ventilation support as needed due to potential respiratory muscle paralysis (Evidence: Moderate 1).

Monitor and Manage Comorbidities: Closely monitor and manage underlying conditions like diabetes and vascular disease to optimize healing (Evidence: Expert opinion 1).

Intensive Care Monitoring: Place patients in intensive care settings for close monitoring of neurological and respiratory status (Evidence: Expert opinion 1).

References

Showing 100 most recent of 216 indexed papers.

1 Qian L, Fang J, He Y, Ni M, Sun Y, Chen S. Clinical Evaluation of a Novel Synthetic Nanofiber Wound Matrix for the Treatment of Chronic Wounds. International wound journal 2026. link 2 Li B, Jin D, Li F, Shen J, Chang J, Yang C et al.. A "Hot Spring" Mimetic Aerogel Loaded with Multiple Amino Acids Modulates the Chronic Inflammatory Microenvironment Through Metabolic Reprogramming. Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) 2026. link 3 Nazarko L. Pain relief in chronic wounds in older people and its impact on healing and quality of life. British journal of community nursing 2026. link 4 Li G, Lei M. Exosome-Infused Scaffolding Systems in Chronic Wound Healing: Advances, Challenges, and Future Perspectives. Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials 2026. link 5 Dowsett C, Christoffersen JB, Hansen MIA, Markey P. Potential cost savings of a wound bed-conforming silicone foam dressing with 3DFit Technology compared with standard of care. Journal of wound care 2025. link 6 Morris NG, Woods EL, Dally J, Midgley AC, Steadman R, Moseley R. Dysfunctional pericellular hyaluronan deposition contributes to attenuated CD44/EGFR co-localization and impaired myofibroblast differentiation in chronic wound fibroblasts. Experimental cell research 2025. link 7 Liu Y, Wang K, Gao F, Xu Z, Zhao X, Bai X et al.. Micro/Nanorobots in Wound Healing: Bridging the Gap from Concept to Clinical Translation. International journal of nanomedicine 2025. link 8 Beneat A, Rueda V, Patel H, Brune Z, Sherry B, Shih A et al.. Elevation of Plasma IL-15 and RANTES as Potential Biomarkers of Healing in Chronic Venous Ulcerations: A Pilot Study. Biomolecules 2025. link 9 Soto V, Jurczuk V, Tose LV, Alcalde Pretel C, Garcia V, Farhadi L et al.. Turning Waste Into Insight: A Novel Proteomic Approach to Non-Invasive Wound Biomarker Discovery. Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP 2025. link 10 Grambart ST, Egdorf J, Xie C, Williams JE, Saunders M, Bennett AR et al.. Partial Calcanectomy: Patient Selection Process and the Secrets to Optimizing Outcomes. Clinics in podiatric medicine and surgery 2025. link 11 Deng P, Shi Z, Fang F, Xu Y, Zhou LA, Liu Y et al.. Wireless matrix metalloproteinase-9 sensing by smart wound dressing with controlled antibacterial nanoparticles release toward chronic wound management. Biosensors & bioelectronics 2025. link 12 Bicer M. Revolutionizing dermatology: harnessing mesenchymal stem/stromal cells and exosomes in 3D platform for skin regeneration. Archives of dermatological research 2024. link 13 McRobert J, Jeffery S, Delloson D. Efficacy and safety of an anti-infection topical desiccating agent (DEBRICHEM) in hard-to-heal wounds. Journal of wound care 2024. link 14 Khan M, King E, Breisinger K, Serena L, Serena TE. A double-blind trial comparing an antimicrobial combination to standard care in hard-to-heal wounds. Journal of wound care 2024. link 15 Liden BA, Liu T, Regulski M, Foster M, DeLeon R, Palazzi G et al.. A multicenter retrospective study comparing a polylactic acid CAMP with intact fish skin graft or a collagen dressing in the management of diabetic foot ulcers and venous leg ulcers. Wounds : a compendium of clinical research and practice 2024. link 16 Marques R, de Lopes MVO, Neves-Amado JD, Ramos PAS, de Sá LO, da Oliveira IMS et al.. Integrating factors associated with complex wound healing into a mobile application: Findings from a cohort study. International wound journal 2024. link 17 Voegeli D, Landauro MH, Sperup T, Ayoub N, McRobert JW. Clinical performance and cost-effectiveness of a Silicone foam with 3DFit™ technology in chronic wounds compared with standard of care: An open randomised multicentre investigation. International wound journal 2024. link 18 Ditmars FS, Kay KE, Broderick TC, Fagg WS. Use of amniotic membrane in hard-to-heal wounds: a multicentre retrospective study. Journal of wound care 2024. link 19 Morsli M, Salipante F, Magnan C, Dunyach-Remy C, Sotto A, Lavigne JP. Direct metagenomics investigation of non-surgical hard-to-heal wounds: a review. Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials 2024. link 20 Chen F, Wu P, Zhang H, Sun G. Signaling Pathways Triggering Therapeutic Hydrogels in Promoting Chronic Wound Healing. Macromolecular bioscience 2024. link 21 Richards SM, Gubser Keller C, Kreutzer R, Greiner G, Ley S, Doelemeyer A et al.. Molecular characterization of chronic cutaneous wounds reveals subregion- and wound type-specific differential gene expression. International wound journal 2024. link 22 Thamm OC, Eschborn J, Zimmermann L, Dekker C, Martin H, Brockmann M et al.. Sublesional fat grafting leads to a temporary improvement of wound healing in chronic leg ulcers: A prospective, randomised clinical trial. Wound repair and regeneration : official publication of the Wound Healing Society [and] the European Tissue Repair Society 2023. link 23 Husain K, Malik A, Kirchens J. Synthetic Hybrid-Scale Fiber Matrix for the Treatment of Complex Lower-Extremity Wounds. Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 2023. link 24 Skórka M, Więch P, Przybek-Mita J, Malisiewicz A, Pytlak K, Bazaliński D. Nutritional Status of People with a Coexisting Chronic Wound and Extended Assessment Using Bioelectrical Impedance. Nutrients 2023. link 25 Bazaliński D, Przybek-Mita J, Lisowicz K, Skórka M, Więch P. Defensins of . International journal of environmental research and public health 2023. link 26 Koumaki D, Kostakis G, Boumpoucheropoulos S, Ioannou P, Katoulis AC. A narrative review of management of wounds in palliative care setting. Annals of palliative medicine 2023. link 27 Nair HKR, Chong SSY, Selvaraj DDJ. Photobiomodulation as an Adjunct Therapy in Wound Healing. The international journal of lower extremity wounds 2023. link 28 Lineaweaver W. Sophocles and the Wound of Philoctetes. Annals of plastic surgery 2022. link 29 Muldoon J. Three wound types: common challenges with exudate, gaps and anatomical positioning. British journal of community nursing 2022. link 30 Fraccalvieri M, Amadeo G, Bortolotti P, Ciliberti M, Garrubba A, Mosti G et al.. Effectiveness of Blue light photobiomodulation therapy in the treatment of chronic wounds. Results of the Blue Light for Ulcer Reduction (B.L.U.R.) Study. Italian journal of dermatology and venereology 2022. link 31 Kulkarni M, Deshpande S, Lokapure S. Use of chitosan-based dressings for the management of a chronic lower limb ulcer: a case report. Wounds : a compendium of clinical research and practice 2022. link 32 Nischwitz SP, Popp D, Shubitidze D, Luze H, Zrim R, Klemm K et al.. The successful use of polylactide wound dressings for chronic lower leg wounds: A retrospective analysis. International wound journal 2022. link 33 Otero-Vinas M, Lin X, MacLauchlan S, Carson P, Falanga V. Dermal Fibroblasts from Chronic Wounds Exhibit Paradoxically Enhanced Proliferative and Migratory Activities that May be Related to the Non-Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathway. Surgical technology international 2021. link 34 Woo K, Dowsett C, Costa B, Ebohon S, Woodmansey EJ, Malone M. Efficacy of topical cadexomer iodine treatment in chronic wounds: Systematic review and meta-analysis of comparative clinical trials. International wound journal 2021. link 35 Muñoz V, Pino A, Martinez C, Echevarria B, Lacramioara V, Anitua E. An Autologous Protein-Based Topical Ointment for Hard-to-Heal Skin Wounds: A Multiple Case Series. Journal of wound, ostomy, and continence nursing : official publication of The Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nurses Society 2021. link 36 Swoboda L. A Retrospective Analysis of Clinical Use and Outcomes Using Viable Placental Membrane Allografts in Chronic Wounds. Wounds : a compendium of clinical research and practice 2021. link 37 Mitura K. An Innovative National Programme for Comprehensive Chronic Wound Therapy and Its Impact on Treatment Outcomes. World journal of surgery 2021. link 38 Gethin G, Ivory JD, Sezgin D, Muller H, O'Connor G, Vellinga A. What is the "normal" wound bed temperature? A scoping review and new hypothesis. Wound repair and regeneration : official publication of the Wound Healing Society [and] the European Tissue Repair Society 2021. link 39 Ricci E, Pittarello M. Wound bed preparation with hypochlorous acid oxidising solution and standard of care: a prospective case series. Journal of wound care 2021. link 40 Holsapple JS, Cooper B, Berry SH, Staniszewska A, Dickson BM, Taylor JA et al.. Low Intensity Shockwave Treatment Modulates Macrophage Functions Beneficial to Healing Chronic Wounds. International journal of molecular sciences 2021. link 41 Jozic I, Abujamra BA, Elliott MH, Wikramanayake TC, Marjanovic J, Stone RC et al.. Glucocorticoid-mediated induction of caveolin-1 disrupts cytoskeletal organization, inhibits cell migration and re-epithelialization of non-healing wounds. Communications biology 2021. link 42 Li D, Peng H, Qu L, Sommar P, Wang A, Chu T et al.. miR-19a/b and miR-20a Promote Wound Healing by Regulating the Inflammatory Response of Keratinocytes. The Journal of investigative dermatology 2021. link 43 Teguh DN, Bol Raap R, Koole A, Knippenberg B, Smit C, Oomen J et al.. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for nonhealing wounds: Treatment results of a single center. Wound repair and regeneration : official publication of the Wound Healing Society [and] the European Tissue Repair Society 2021. link 44 Deldar R, Black CK, Zolper EG, Wirth P, Luvisa K, Fan KL et al.. The "Double hit": Free tissue transfer is optimal in comorbid population with irradiated wounds for successful limb salvage. Journal of plastic, reconstructive & aesthetic surgery : JPRAS 2021. link 45 Izzetti R, Oranges T, Janowska A, Gabriele M, Graziani F, Romanelli M. The Application of Ultra-High-Frequency Ultrasound in Dermatology and Wound Management. The international journal of lower extremity wounds 2020. link 46 Joshi CJ, Hassan A, Carabano M, Galiano RD. Up-to-date role of the dehydrated human amnion/chorion membrane (AMNIOFIX) for wound healing. Expert opinion on biological therapy 2020. link 47 Moelleken M, Jockenhöfer F, Benson S, Dissemond J. Prospective clinical study on the efficacy of bacterial removal with mechanical debridement in and around chronic leg ulcers assessed with fluorescence imaging. International wound journal 2020. link 48 Gitterle M. Treatment with novel HYBENX® root canal cleanser suggests biofilms blocked healing of human wounds: case series. Journal of biological regulators and homeostatic agents 2020. link 49 Benison L. Primary care networks: an opportunity to improve community wound care. British journal of community nursing 2020. link 50 Hajhosseini B, Chiou GJ, Dori G, Fukaya E, Chandra V, Meyer S et al.. Er:YAG laser vs. sharp debridement in management of chronic wounds: Effects on pain and bacterial load. Wound repair and regeneration : official publication of the Wound Healing Society [and] the European Tissue Repair Society 2020. link 51 Avazi DO, Awasum AC, Hassan AZ, Ayo JO, Aluwong T, Muhammed ST et al.. Evaluation of levels of interleukin-6, interleukin-8 and some haematologic parameters of dogs with cutaneous wounds. Cytokine 2019. link 52 Moore Z, Dowsett C, Smith G, Atkin L, Bain M, Lahmann NA et al.. TIME CDST: an updated tool to address the current challenges in wound care. Journal of wound care 2019. link 53 Bhatia N, Friedman A, Del Rosso J. Applications of Topical Oak Bark Extract in Dermatology: Clinical Examples and Discussion. Journal of drugs in dermatology : JDD 2019. link 54 da Silva LP, Reis RL, Correlo VM, Marques AP. Hydrogel-Based Strategies to Advance Therapies for Chronic Skin Wounds. Annual review of biomedical engineering 2019. link 55 Glik J, Cholewka A, Stanek A, Englisz B, Sieroń K, Mikuś-Zagórska K et al.. Thermal imaging and planimetry evaluation of the results of chronic wounds treatment with hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Advances in clinical and experimental medicine : official organ Wroclaw Medical University 2019. link 56 Wiser I, Tamir E, Kaufman H, Keren E, Avshalom S, Klein D et al.. A Novel Recombinant Human Collagen-based Flowable Matrix for Chronic Lower Limb Wound Management: First Results of a Clinical Trial. Wounds : a compendium of clinical research and practice 2019. link 57 Holmes J, Schuh S, Bowling FL, Mani R, Welzel J. Dynamic Optical Coherence Tomography Is a New Technique for Imaging Skin Around Lower Extremity Wounds. The international journal of lower extremity wounds 2019. link 58 Harris C, Ramage D, Boloorchi A, Vaughan L, Kuilder G, Rakas S. Using a muscle pump activator device to stimulate healing for non-healing lower leg wounds in long-term care residents. International wound journal 2019. link 59 Vitsos A, Tsagarousianos C, Vergos O, Stithos D, Mathioudakis D, Vitsos I et al.. Efficacy of a . The international journal of lower extremity wounds 2019. link 60 Herter EK, Li D, Toma MA, Vij M, Li X, Visscher D et al.. WAKMAR2, a Long Noncoding RNA Downregulated in Human Chronic Wounds, Modulates Keratinocyte Motility and Production of Inflammatory Chemokines. The Journal of investigative dermatology 2019. link 61 Ohura N, Mitsuno R, Sakisaka M, Terabe Y, Morishige Y, Uchiyama A et al.. Convolutional neural networks for wound detection: the role of artificial intelligence in wound care. Journal of wound care 2019. link 62 Irving S. Managing chronic, nonhealing wounds stalled in the inflammatory phase: a case series using a novel matrix therapy, CACIPLIQ20. British journal of community nursing 2019. link 63 Xia Y, Zhao J, Xie J, Lv Y, Cao DS. The Efficacy of Platelet-Rich Plasma Dressing for Chronic Nonhealing Ulcers: A Meta-Analysis of 15 Randomized Controlled Trials. Plastic and reconstructive surgery 2019. link 64 Shi RB, Qiu J, Maida V. Towards algorithm-enabled home wound monitoring with smartphone photography: A hue-saturation-value colour space thresholding technique for wound content tracking. International wound journal 2019. link 65 Ngo O, Niemann E, Gunasekaran V, Sankar P, Putterman M, Lafontant A et al.. Development of Low Frequency (20-100 kHz) Clinically Viable Ultrasound Applicator for Chronic Wound Treatment. IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control 2019. link 66 Bradley P. Wound Exudate. British journal of community nursing 2018. link 67 Kim J, Simon R. Calculated Decisions: Wound Closure Classification. Pediatric emergency medicine practice 2018. link 68 Trøstrup H, Holstein P, Karlsmark T, Moser C, Ågren MS. Uncontrolled gelatin degradation in non-healing chronic wounds. Journal of wound care 2018. link 69 Regulski M. Utilization of a Viable Human Amnion Membrane Allograft in Elderly Patients With Chronic Lower Extremity Wounds of Various Etiologies. Wounds : a compendium of clinical research and practice 2018. link 70 Regulski MJ, MacEwan MR. Implantable Nanomedical Scaffold Facilitates Healing of Chronic Lower Extremity Wounds. Wounds : a compendium of clinical research and practice 2018. link 71 Nair HKR. Microcurrent as an adjunct therapy to accelerate chronic wound healing and reduce patient pain. Journal of wound care 2018. link 72 Xu Z, Hsia HC. The Impact of Microbial Communities on Wound Healing: A Review. Annals of plastic surgery 2018. link 73 Gray TA, Rhodes S, Atkinson RA, Rothwell K, Wilson P, Dumville JC et al.. Opportunities for better value wound care: a multiservice, cross-sectional survey of complex wounds and their care in a UK community population. BMJ open 2018. link 74 Lintzeris D, Vernon K, Percise H, Strickland A, Yarrow K, White A et al.. Effect of a New Purified Collagen Matrix With Polyhexamethylene Biguanide on Recalcitrant Wounds of Various Etiologies: A Case Series. Wounds : a compendium of clinical research and practice 2018. link 75 Romanelli M, Piaggesi A, Scapagnini G, Dini V, Janowska A, Iacopi E et al.. Evaluation of fluorescence biomodulation in the real-life management of chronic wounds: the EUREKA trial. Journal of wound care 2018. link 76 Sabo M, Le L, Yaakov RA, Carter M, Serena TE. A Post-marketing Surveillance Study of Chronic Wounds Treated With a Native Collagen Calcium Alginate Dressing. Ostomy/wound management 2018. link 77 Munro G. DEBRIDING WOUNDS TO REDUCE BIOBURDEN. Australian nursing & midwifery journal 2017. link 78 Huimin K, Rowledge AM, Borzdynski CJ, Miller C, Frescos N, McKenzie G et al.. Reliability of a Skin Diagnostic Device in Assessing Hydration and Erythema. Advances in skin & wound care 2017. link 79 Umebayashi Zanoti MD, Megumi Sonobe H, Lima Ribeiro SJ, Minarelli Gaspar AM. Development of coverage and its evaluation in the treatment of chronic wounds. Investigacion y educacion en enfermeria 2017. link 80 Darby IA, Weller CD. Aspirin treatment for chronic wounds: Potential beneficial and inhibitory effects. Wound repair and regeneration : official publication of the Wound Healing Society [and] the European Tissue Repair Society 2017. link 81 Salgado RM, Cruz-Castañeda O, Elizondo-Vázquez F, Pat L, De la Garza A, Cano-Colín S et al.. Maltodextrin/ascorbic acid stimulates wound closure by increasing collagen turnover and TGF-β1 expression in vitro and changing the stage of inflammation from chronic to acute in vivo. Journal of tissue viability 2017. link 82 Fearns N, Heller-Murphy S, Kelly J, Harbour J. Placing the patient at the centre of chronic wound care: A qualitative evidence synthesis. Journal of tissue viability 2017. link 83 Sun X, Ni P, Wu M, Huang Y, Ye J, Xie T. A Clinicoepidemiological Profile of Chronic Wounds in Wound Healing Department in Shanghai. The international journal of lower extremity wounds 2017. link 84 Chimento S, Billero V, Cavallin L, Romanelli M, Nadji M, Romanelli P. Evaluation of osteopontin expression in chronic wounds: a potential prognostic and therapeutic biomarker. Journal of wound care 2017. link 85 Shao M, Hussain Z, Thu HE, Khan S, de Matas M, Silkstone V et al.. Emerging Trends in Therapeutic Algorithm of Chronic Wound Healers: Recent Advances in Drug Delivery Systems, Concepts-to-Clinical Application and Future Prospects. Critical reviews in therapeutic drug carrier systems 2017. link 86 Sutcliffe JES, Thrasivoulou C, Serena TE, Madden L, Richards T, Phillips ARJ et al.. Changes in the extracellular matrix surrounding human chronic wounds revealed by 2-photon imaging. International wound journal 2017. link 87 Bare KS, Drain J. Resolving Epibole With Polymeric Membrane Dressings in Home Care. Journal of wound, ostomy, and continence nursing : official publication of The Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nurses Society 2017. link 88 Lullove EJ. Use of Ovine-based Collagen Extracellular Matrix and Gentian Violet/Methylene Blue Antibacterial Foam Dressings to Help Improve Clinical Outcomes in Lower Extremity Wounds: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Wounds : a compendium of clinical research and practice 2017. link 89 Münter KC, Meaume S, Augustin M, Senet P, Kérihuel JC. The reality of routine practice: a pooled data analysis on chronic wounds treated with TLC-NOSF wound dressings. Journal of wound care 2017. link 90 Rahim K, Saleha S, Zhu X, Huo L, Basit A, Franco OL. Bacterial Contribution in Chronicity of Wounds. Microbial ecology 2017. link 91 Piccin A, Di Pierro AM, Canzian L, Primerano M, Corvetta D, Negri G et al.. Platelet gel: a new therapeutic tool with great potential. Blood transfusion = Trasfusione del sangue 2017. link 92 Doersch KM, DelloStritto DJ, Newell-Rogers MK. The contribution of interleukin-2 to effective wound healing. Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) 2017. link 93 von Beckerath O, Zapenko A, Dissemond J, Kröger K. Ten-year analyses of the German DRG data about negative pressure wound therapy. International wound journal 2017. link 94 Butler É, Oien RF, Lindholm C, Olofsson TC, Nilson B, Vásquez A. A pilot study investigating lactic acid bacterial symbionts from the honeybee in inhibiting human chronic wound pathogens. International wound journal 2016. link 95 Feng Y, Sanders AJ, Ruge F, Morris CA, Harding KG, Jiang WG. Expression of the SOCS family in human chronic wound tissues: Potential implications for SOCS in chronic wound healing. International journal of molecular medicine 2016. link 96 Serena TE, Cullen BM, Bayliff SW, Gibson MC, Carter MJ, Chen L et al.. Defining a new diagnostic assessment parameter for wound care: Elevated protease activity, an indicator of nonhealing, for targeted protease-modulating treatment. Wound repair and regeneration : official publication of the Wound Healing Society [and] the European Tissue Repair Society 2016. link 97 Ricci E, Cutting KF. Evaluating a native collagen matrix dressing in the treatment of chronic wounds of different aetiologies: a case series. Journal of wound care 2016. link 98 Wolcott RD, Hanson JD, Rees EJ, Koenig LD, Phillips CD, Wolcott RA et al.. Analysis of the chronic wound microbiota of 2,963 patients by 16S rDNA pyrosequencing. Wound repair and regeneration : official publication of the Wound Healing Society [and] the European Tissue Repair Society 2016. link 99 Couture M. A Single-center, Retrospective Study of Cryopreserved Umbilical Cord for Wound Healing in Patients Suffering From Chronic Wounds of the Foot and Ankle. Wounds : a compendium of clinical research and practice 2016. link 100 Bellingeri A, Falciani F, Traspedini P, Moscatelli A, Russo A, Tino G et al.. Effect of a wound cleansing solution on wound bed preparation and inflammation in chronic wounds: a single-blind RCT. Journal of wound care 2016. link

Original source

[1]
Clinical Evaluation of a Novel Synthetic Nanofiber Wound Matrix for the Treatment of Chronic Wounds. — Qian L, Fang J, He Y, Ni M, Sun Y, Chen S International wound journal (2026)
[2]
A "Hot Spring" Mimetic Aerogel Loaded with Multiple Amino Acids Modulates the Chronic Inflammatory Microenvironment Through Metabolic Reprogramming. — Li B, Jin D, Li F, Shen J, Chang J, Yang C et al. Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) (2026)
[3]
Pain relief in chronic wounds in older people and its impact on healing and quality of life. — Nazarko L British journal of community nursing (2026)
[4]
Exosome-Infused Scaffolding Systems in Chronic Wound Healing: Advances, Challenges, and Future Perspectives. — Li G, Lei M Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials (2026)
[5]
Potential cost savings of a wound bed-conforming silicone foam dressing with 3DFit Technology compared with standard of care. — Dowsett C, Christoffersen JB, Hansen MIA, Markey P Journal of wound care (2025)
[6]
Dysfunctional pericellular hyaluronan deposition contributes to attenuated CD44/EGFR co-localization and impaired myofibroblast differentiation in chronic wound fibroblasts. — Morris NG, Woods EL, Dally J, Midgley AC, Steadman R, Moseley R Experimental cell research (2025)
[7]
Micro/Nanorobots in Wound Healing: Bridging the Gap from Concept to Clinical Translation. — Liu Y, Wang K, Gao F, Xu Z, Zhao X, Bai X et al. International journal of nanomedicine (2025)
[8]
Elevation of Plasma IL-15 and RANTES as Potential Biomarkers of Healing in Chronic Venous Ulcerations: A Pilot Study. — Beneat A, Rueda V, Patel H, Brune Z, Sherry B, Shih A et al. Biomolecules (2025)
[9]
Turning Waste Into Insight: A Novel Proteomic Approach to Non-Invasive Wound Biomarker Discovery. — Soto V, Jurczuk V, Tose LV, Alcalde Pretel C, Garcia V, Farhadi L et al. Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP (2025)
[10]
Partial Calcanectomy: Patient Selection Process and the Secrets to Optimizing Outcomes. — Grambart ST, Egdorf J, Xie C, Williams JE, Saunders M, Bennett AR et al. Clinics in podiatric medicine and surgery (2025)
[11]
Wireless matrix metalloproteinase-9 sensing by smart wound dressing with controlled antibacterial nanoparticles release toward chronic wound management. — Deng P, Shi Z, Fang F, Xu Y, Zhou LA, Liu Y et al. Biosensors & bioelectronics (2025)
[12]
Revolutionizing dermatology: harnessing mesenchymal stem/stromal cells and exosomes in 3D platform for skin regeneration. — Bicer M Archives of dermatological research (2024)
[13]
Efficacy and safety of an anti-infection topical desiccating agent (DEBRICHEM) in hard-to-heal wounds. — McRobert J, Jeffery S, Delloson D Journal of wound care (2024)
[14]
A double-blind trial comparing an antimicrobial combination to standard care in hard-to-heal wounds. — Khan M, King E, Breisinger K, Serena L, Serena TE Journal of wound care (2024)
[15]
A multicenter retrospective study comparing a polylactic acid CAMP with intact fish skin graft or a collagen dressing in the management of diabetic foot ulcers and venous leg ulcers. — Liden BA, Liu T, Regulski M, Foster M, DeLeon R, Palazzi G et al. Wounds : a compendium of clinical research and practice (2024)
[16]
Integrating factors associated with complex wound healing into a mobile application: Findings from a cohort study. — Marques R, de Lopes MVO, Neves-Amado JD, Ramos PAS, de Sá LO, da Oliveira IMS et al. International wound journal (2024)
[17]
Clinical performance and cost-effectiveness of a Silicone foam with 3DFit™ technology in chronic wounds compared with standard of care: An open randomised multicentre investigation. — Voegeli D, Landauro MH, Sperup T, Ayoub N, McRobert JW International wound journal (2024)
[18]
Use of amniotic membrane in hard-to-heal wounds: a multicentre retrospective study. — Ditmars FS, Kay KE, Broderick TC, Fagg WS Journal of wound care (2024)
[19]
Direct metagenomics investigation of non-surgical hard-to-heal wounds: a review. — Morsli M, Salipante F, Magnan C, Dunyach-Remy C, Sotto A, Lavigne JP Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials (2024)
[20]
Signaling Pathways Triggering Therapeutic Hydrogels in Promoting Chronic Wound Healing. — Chen F, Wu P, Zhang H, Sun G Macromolecular bioscience (2024)
[21]
Molecular characterization of chronic cutaneous wounds reveals subregion- and wound type-specific differential gene expression. — Richards SM, Gubser Keller C, Kreutzer R, Greiner G, Ley S, Doelemeyer A et al. International wound journal (2024)
[22]
Sublesional fat grafting leads to a temporary improvement of wound healing in chronic leg ulcers: A prospective, randomised clinical trial. — Thamm OC, Eschborn J, Zimmermann L, Dekker C, Martin H, Brockmann M et al. Wound repair and regeneration : official publication of the Wound Healing Society [and] the European Tissue Repair Society (2023)
[23]
Synthetic Hybrid-Scale Fiber Matrix for the Treatment of Complex Lower-Extremity Wounds. — Husain K, Malik A, Kirchens J Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association (2023)
[24]
Nutritional Status of People with a Coexisting Chronic Wound and Extended Assessment Using Bioelectrical Impedance. — Skórka M, Więch P, Przybek-Mita J, Malisiewicz A, Pytlak K, Bazaliński D Nutrients (2023)
[25]
Defensins of — Bazaliński D, Przybek-Mita J, Lisowicz K, Skórka M, Więch P International journal of environmental research and public health (2023)
[26]
A narrative review of management of wounds in palliative care setting. — Koumaki D, Kostakis G, Boumpoucheropoulos S, Ioannou P, Katoulis AC Annals of palliative medicine (2023)
[27]
Photobiomodulation as an Adjunct Therapy in Wound Healing. — Nair HKR, Chong SSY, Selvaraj DDJ The international journal of lower extremity wounds (2023)
[28]
Sophocles and the Wound of Philoctetes. — Lineaweaver W Annals of plastic surgery (2022)
[29]
Three wound types: common challenges with exudate, gaps and anatomical positioning. — Muldoon J British journal of community nursing (2022)
[30]
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