Overview
Patent vitelline duct (PVD), also known as patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in clinical contexts, refers to the failure of the ductus arteriosus to close after birth, leading to a left-to-right shunt and potential hemodynamic complications, particularly in preterm infants.Diagnosis
Management
Special Populations
Key Recommendations
References
Showing 100 most recent of 756 indexed papers.
1 Aggarwal S, Kadiu G, Natarajan G. Effect of Transcatheter Closure of the Ductus Arteriosus on Right Ventricular Function in Preterm Neonates. Pediatric cardiology 2026. link 2 Park SJ, Lee N, Jeong MH, Jeong SH, Byun SY, Park KH. Comparison of early and late surgical ligation of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants. Medicine 2026. link 3 Malekzadeh-Milani S, Padovani P, Sivakumar K, Goronflot T, Méot M, Jones MI et al.. Outcomes of transcatheter patent ductus arteriosus closure in infants weighing 2 to 6 kg. Revista espanola de cardiologia (English ed.) 2026. link 4 Saini A, Hamrick S, Adamson M, Bhombal S, Hash S, Kim DW et al.. Impact of PDA Closure Methodology on Peri-procedural Opioid Utilization in Preterm Neonates, a Cross-Sectional Review in a Tertiary Pediatric Healthcare System. Pediatric cardiology 2026. link 5 Simpson MK, Bhombal S, Hamrick SE, Hash S, Adamson M, He Z et al.. Patent Ductus Arteriosus Morphology Changes in Preterm Neonates Undergoing Transcatheter Device Closure. Pediatric cardiology 2026. link 6 Coley C, Sakaria R, Philip R, Sathanandam S, Weems MF. Changes in cardiorespiratory status after transcatheter patent ductus arteriosus closure. Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association 2026. link 7 Parikh NA, Velu S. Patent ductus arteriosus: emerging trial evidence firmly supports conservative management in preterm infants. Current opinion in pediatrics 2026. link 8 Taha FA, Elsheikh RG, Mansour NM. Comparative Analysis of Isolated Venous, Isolated Arterial, and Standard Access for Transcatheter Closure of Patent Ductus Arteriosus. Pediatric cardiology 2026. link 9 Elsisy MF, Nicholson GT, Stephens EH, Sreenivasan G, Gupta A. In-hospital outcomes of early versus late transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants. Journal of neonatal-perinatal medicine 2026. link 10 Cappellaro CR, Procianoy GS, Silveira RC, Saalfeld RM, Procianoy RS. A B-Type Natriuretic Peptide-Based Machine Learning Model for Early Hemodynamic Symptomatic Patent Ductus Arteriosus Prediction. Neonatology 2026. link 11 Guyon P, Popevski D, Forbes T, Boe B, Chan KC, Latson L. Largest Single-Center Experience Using the Micro Vascular Plug (MVP) for Transcatheter Closure of Premature Patent Ductus Arteriosus. Pediatric cardiology 2026. link 12 Williams WA, Cornicelli M, Husain N, Fox J, Nugent AW, Tannous P et al.. Pre-Catheterization Computed Tomography Angiography Aids in the Selection of Ductus Arteriosus Stent Length for Ductal-Dependent Pulmonary Blood Flow. Pediatric cardiology 2026. link 13 Adamson ME, Ligon RA, Hamrick S, Mills M, Bhombal S, Hash S et al.. Echocardiographic Predictors and Incidence of Left Ventricular Dysfunction Following Transcatheter Patent Ductus Arteriosus Closure in Extremely Premature Infants. Pediatric cardiology 2026. link 14 Juergensen S, Springston C, Bunker MJ, Moore P, Anwar S. Agreement Between 2D and 3D Echocardiography in Measuring Dimensions of the Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Infants. Pediatric cardiology 2026. link 15 Szachnowicz B, Nogee J, Makker K, Liang C, Chalk B. Impact of the Time to Initiation of Indomethacin or Ibuprofen on Patent Ductus Arteriosus Closure Rates. Paediatric drugs 2026. link 16 Mifflin J, Makoni M, Chatmethakul T, McNamara PJ, Bischoff AR. Cerebral and intestinal Doppler patterns according to patent ductus arteriosus shunt characteristics in preterm infants. Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association 2026. link 17 Mayer A, Bresesti I, Francescato G, Pesenti N, Provini C, Perego E et al.. Association between hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus and fluid intake in the first week of life in a cohort of very low birth weight preterm infants: the COOL study. European journal of pediatrics 2025. link 18 Mohammad Nijres B, Aldoss O, Baho H. Immediate Tissue Protrusion Following Patent Ductus Arteriosus Stent Placement. Pediatric cardiology 2025. link 19 Mohammad Nijres B, Khallaf M, Rahde Bischoff A, Carr K, Gupta U, McNamara PJ et al.. Transcatheter Patent Ductus Arteriosus Closure in Premature Infants: Comparison of Echocardiogram and Angiogram Measurements. Pediatric cardiology 2025. link 20 Sutton CC, Slaughter JC, Alrifai MW, Hale J, Reese J. Response of the ductus arteriosus to acetaminophen or indomethacin in extremely low birth weight infants. Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association 2025. link 21 Erzinger G, Rajith G, Torres MH, Gauza MM, Mansuri Z, Cardoso SM. Early drug treatment in preterm patients with large patent ductus arteriosus at 28 weeks or less gestational age: systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association 2025. link 22 Capecchi E, Cortesi V, Raffaeli G, Picciolli I, Pesenti N, Fumagalli M et al.. Evaluation of platelet function by Total Thrombus-Formation Analysis System (T-TAS®01) in term and preterm infants and its relationship with patent ductus arteriosus. A prospective observational pilot study. Blood transfusion = Trasfusione del sangue 2025. link 23 Dani C, Sassudelli G, Milocchi C, Vangi V, Pratesi S, Poggi C et al.. Effectiveness of repeated pharmacological courses for patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants. Early human development 2025. link 24 Sharma P, Gearhart A, Beam K, Spyropoulos F, Powell AJ, Beam A et al.. Perinatal Factors Associated with Successful Pharmacologic Closure of the Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Premature Infants. Pediatric cardiology 2025. link 25 Shin JA, Lee JY, Shin J, Kim MS, Youn YA, Kim J et al.. CD71+ erythroid cells as a potential early biomarker for hemodynamic significant patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants. Frontiers in immunology 2025. link 26 García-Guasch L, Bello AM, García-Urdiales A, Massegur-Yeste D, Olmedo-Bosch C. Transjugular patent ductus arteriosus occlusion in a cat using the Vet-PDA Occluder™ device. Journal of veterinary cardiology : the official journal of the European Society of Veterinary Cardiology 2025. link 27 Peng Y, Cheng Z, Zhang Y, Yi Q. Long term follow-up of patients with patent ductus arteriosus after transcatheter closure. Pediatric research 2025. link 28 Khallaf M, Aldoss O, Bischoff AR, Windsor J, Stopak J, Mukundan C et al.. The effect of anti-scatter grids on radiation exposure during transcatheter patent ductus arteriosus closure in premature infants. Cardiology in the young 2025. link 29 Ligon RA, Bhombal S, Adamson M, Hash S, Kim DW, LeFevre AS et al.. Impact of a Multidisciplinary Service Line and Program for Transcatheter Device Closure of the Neonatal Ductus Arteriosus. Pediatric cardiology 2025. link 30 Deniwar A, Alnoor M, Ghasemiesfe A, Ing FF, Pirolli TJ, Holzer RJ. PDA Stent Placement 6: High-Impact Limitations of Angiography to Delineate a Complex PDA. Pediatric cardiology* 2025. link 31 Mitra S, Bischoff AR, Sathanandam S, Lakshminrusimha S, McNamara PJ. Procedural closure of the patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants: a clinical practice guideline. Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association 2024. link 32 Duboue PM, Padovani P, Bouteiller XP, Martin-Kabore F, Benbrik N, Gronier CG et al.. Post-ligation cardiac syndrome after surgical versus transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus in low body weight premature infants: a multicenter retrospective cohort study. European journal of pediatrics 2024. link 33 Sridharan K, Sivaramakrishnan G. Adverse Event Profile of First-line Drugs for Treating Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Neonates: A Disproportionality Analysis Study of USFDA Adverse Event Reporting System. Paediatric drugs 2024. link 34 Ohkawa N, Shoji H, Ikeda N, Murano Y, Okuno T, Kantake M et al.. The impact of cyclooxygenase inhibitor use on urinary prostaglandin metabolites in preterm infants. Pediatrics and neonatology 2024. link 35 Yucel IK, Epcacan S, Bulut MO, Demir IH, Surucu M, Yilmaz EH et al.. A Challenging Interventional Procedure: Transcatheter Closure of Tubular Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Patients with Pulmonary Hypertension. Pediatric cardiology 2024. link 36 Craciun I, Silva J, Dutton LC, Loureiro J, Novo Matos J. Two- and three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiographic assessment and successful occlusion of a window-like patent ductus arteriosus in two dogs. Journal of veterinary cardiology : the official journal of the European Society of Veterinary Cardiology 2024. link 37 Kaluarachchi DC, Rysavy MA, Carper BA, Chock VY, Laughon MM, Backes CH et al.. Secular Trends in Patent Ductus Arteriosus Management in Infants Born Preterm in the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network. The Journal of pediatrics 2024. link 38 Almoslem M, Shah SD, Vozmediano V, Guzy S, Kim S, Hudak ML et al.. Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Analysis of Acetaminophen and Ibuprofen Dual Therapy for Patent Ductus Arteriosus Closure in Preterm Neonates at Less Than 29 Weeks of Gestation. Journal of clinical pharmacology 2024. link 39 Potsiurko S, Dobryanskyy D, Sekretar L, Salabay Z. Randomized Noninferiority Trial of Expectant Management versus Early Treatment of Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Preterm Infants. American journal of perinatology 2024. link 40 Goel M, Dutta S, Saini SS, Sundaram V. Relationship between Decrease in Urine Output following Treatment with Prostaglandin Inhibitors and PDA Closure. American journal of perinatology 2024. link 41 Tabb C, Aggarwal S, Bajaj M, Natarajan G. Comparative Effectiveness of Surgical Ligation and Catheter Closure of Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Preterm Infants. Pediatric cardiology 2024. link 42 Steiner K, Sjöberg G, Karsenty C, Bianco L, Bautista-Rodriguez C, Fraisse A. Mind the gap-missing device on the shelf? Retrospective experience with 5/7 Occlutech duct Occluder. Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) 2024. link 43 Qin X, Chen X, Zhao X, Yao L, Li B, Pan G et al.. Evaluation of brain function in adult patent ductus arteriosus surgery: A multimodal monitoring approach. Current problems in cardiology 2024. link 44 Jang YJ, Park BY, Tae HJ, Sim J, Ahn D. Whole-exome sequencing analysis of patent ductus arteriosus in a Japanese macaque (Macaca fuscata). Journal of medical primatology 2024. link 45 Rallis D, Balomenou F, Drougia A, Benekos T, Vlahos A, Tzoufi M et al.. Association of fluid overload with patent ductus arteriosus during the first postnatal day. Minerva pediatrics 2024. link 46 Rutledge AD, Wahlquist AE, Patel EU, Hlavacek AM, Ryan RM, Steflik HJ. Patent Ductus Arteriosus Response to Treatment by Course and Associations with Perinatal and Clinical Factors. American journal of perinatology 2024. link 47 Bozkaya D, Dizdar EA, Ertekin Ö, Derme T, Umaç HA. Effect of phototherapy on the ductus arteriosus diameter in extremely premature infants: A randomised controlled trial. Early human development 2023. link 48 Mumtaz ZA, Sagar P, Sivakumar K, Mohakud AR, Rajendran M, Pavithran S. Risk factors associated with device embolisation or malposition during transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus. Cardiology in the young 2023. link 49 Rzayev T, Karakurt Y, Ugurlucan M, Tastekin A, Demirel G. Patent ductus arteriosus ligation under high-frequency oscillatory ventilation in two critically ill pre-mature newborns. Cardiology in the young 2023. link 50 Bischoff AR, Stanford AH, Aldoss O, Rios DR, McLennan DI, Mohammad Nijres B et al.. Left ventricular function before and after percutaneous patent ductus arteriosus closure in preterm infants. Pediatric research 2023. link 51 Kurup HKN, Gopalakrishnan A, Sasikumar D, Krishnamoorthy KM. Safety of drug-eluting stents for stenting patent arterial duct in neonates. Cardiology in the young 2023. link 52 Deveci MF, Kaya H, Yurttutan S, Alagoz M, Gokce IK, Karakurt C et al.. Combined (dual) drug therapy for the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus: last approach prior to ligation. Cardiology in the young 2023. link 53 Castaldo MP, Neary E, Bischoff AR, Resende MHF, Weisz DE, Jain A et al.. Rectal Acetaminophen Improves Shunt Volume and Reduces Patent Ductus Arteriosus Ligation in Extremely Preterm Infants. American journal of perinatology 2023. link 54 Mirza H, Garcia J, Bell C, Jones K, Flynn V, Pepe J et al.. Fluid Intake in the First Week of Life and the Duration of Hemodynamically Significant Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Extremely Preterm Infants. American journal of perinatology 2023. link 55 Freeman KA, Arnaoutakis DJ, Martin TD, Fudge JC, Arnaoutakis GJ. Patent Ductus Arteriosus Exclusion Technique Using Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair. The Annals of thoracic surgery 2023. link 56 Sánchez González SK, Colín Ortíz JL, Zamudio Meneses R, Cabrera González H, Maldonado Alonso R. Transcatheter resolution of an aneurism of the pulmonary trunk with residual ductus arteriosus after thoracoscopic clipping: a new approach. Cardiology in the young 2023. link 57 Balasubramanian H, Jain V, Bhalgat P, Parikh S, Kabra N, Mohan D et al.. Low dose paracetamol for management of patent ductus arteriosus in very preterm infants: a randomised non-inferiority trial. Archives of disease in childhood. Fetal and neonatal edition 2023. link 58 Olowoyeye A, Nnamdi-Nwosu O, Manalastas M, Okwundu C. A Network Meta-Analysis of Intravenous Versus Oral Acetaminophen for Patent Ductus Arteriosus. Pediatric cardiology 2023. link 59 Orb Q, Dunya G, Padia R, King J, Holbrook J, Muntz H et al.. Long-term Outcomes of Vocal Fold Paralysis Following Patent Ductus Arteriosus Ligation in Neonates. The Laryngoscope 2023. link 60 Hundscheid T, Onland W, Kooi EMW, Vijlbrief DC, de Vries WB, Dijkman KP et al.. Expectant Management or Early Ibuprofen for Patent Ductus Arteriosus. The New England journal of medicine 2023. link 61 Mensah B. Ligamentum arteriosum: Muscular and contractile. Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) 2023. link 62 Fujii T, Sugiyama H, Kanazawa H, Hara H, Muneuchi J, Yazaki S. Transcatheter retrieval of atrial septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus occluder: a guidance for device retrieval based on comprehensive bench tests. Cardiology in the young 2023. link 63 Fridman E, Mangel L, Mandel D, Beer G, Kapusta L, Marom R. Effects of maternal aspirin treatment on hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants - pilot study. The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians 2022. link 64 Khajali Z, Firouzi A, Shakerian F, Alemzadeh-Ansari MJ, Ghobadi E, Khalilipur E et al.. Cardiac Reverse Remodeling After Transcatheter Patent Ductus Arteriosus Closure in Adults. Current problems in cardiology 2022. link 65 Wesselowski S, Cusack K, Saunders AB, Jeffery N. Pre-procedural femoral vessel ultrasound in dogs with patent ductus arteriosus: diameter, image quality and relationship with arterial catheterization. Journal of veterinary cardiology : the official journal of the European Society of Veterinary Cardiology 2022. link 66 Bin-Nun A, Abu-Omar R, Shchors I, Mimouni F, Hammerman C. Does Early Neonatal Thrombocytopenia Affect Ductal Therapeutic Response to Acetaminophen in Preterm Neonates?. American journal of perinatology 2022. link 67 Kim H, Song J, Choi GJ, Huh J, Kang IS. How can stretched ductus diameter be predicted from angiographic diameter?. Minerva pediatrics 2022. link 68 Ono T, Miura Y, Kaga M, Sato T, Sanjo M. Ductus Arteriosus of Extremely Preterm Twins is More Resistant to Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors Than Those of Singletons. Pediatric cardiology 2022. link 69 Markovic LE, Scansen BA, Ames MK, Coleman AE. Transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus in 11 dogs and one cat after incomplete or aborted surgical ligation. Journal of veterinary cardiology : the official journal of the European Society of Veterinary Cardiology 2022. link 70 Yücel SM, Demirel BD, Çetin EB, Şahin İO. External compression of left main bronchus by a large patent ductus arteriosus: a case report. Cardiology in the young 2022. link 71 Kotidis C, Wertheim D, Weindling M, Rabe H, Turner MA. Assessing patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants from standard neonatal intensive care monitoring. European journal of pediatrics 2022. link 72 Edison PE, Chen S, Yeo CL, Allen JC, Poon WB, Baral VR et al.. Pharmacokinetics of oral versus intravenous ibuprofen for closure of patent ductus arteriosus: A pilot randomised controlled study. Journal of paediatrics and child health 2022. link 73 Liu YM, Zheng ML, Sun X, Chen XB, Sun YX, Feng ZC et al.. The clinical value of ultrasonic cardiac output monitor in very-low birth-weight and extremely-low-birth-weight infants undergoing PDA ligation. Early human development 2022. link 74 Clyman RI, Hills NK, Dagle JM, Murray JC, Kelsey K. Interactions between PDA-associated polymorphisms and genetic ancestry alter ductus arteriosus gene expression. Pediatric research 2022. link 75 Noureldein M, Hu K, Groucutt J, Heaver R, Gurusamy K. Paracetamol for patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants: a UK national survey. The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians 2022. link 76 Yarboro MT, Gopal SH, Su RL, Morgan TM, Reese J. Mouse models of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and their relevance for human PDA. Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists 2022. link 77 Belachsen O, Sargent J, Koffas H, Schneider M, Wagner T. The use of Amplatzer vascular plug II in 32 consecutive dogs for transvenous occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus. Journal of veterinary cardiology : the official journal of the European Society of Veterinary Cardiology 2022. link 78 Nagasawa K, Muneuchi J, Sugitani Y, Ezaki H, Doi H, Furuta T et al.. Distensibility of the ductus arteriosus in neonates and young infants undergoing transcatheter closure. Heart and vessels 2022. link 79 Shah SD, Makker K, Nandula P, Smotherman C, Kropf A, Hudak ML. Effectiveness of Dual Medication Therapy (Oral Acetaminophen and Oral Ibuprofen) for the Management of Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Extremely Premature Infants: A Feasibility Trial. American journal of perinatology 2022. link 80 Ding R, Zhang Q, Duan Y, Wang D, Sun Q, Shan R. The relationship between platelet indices and patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis. European journal of pediatrics 2021. link 81 Marissen J, Erdmann H, Böckenholt K, Hoppenz M, Rausch TK, Härtel C et al.. Aminoglycosides were associated with higher rates of surgical patent ductus arteriosus closure in preterm infants. Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) 2021. link 82 Son MJ, Chun EJ, Yoo SM, Lee HY, Song IS, White CS. High prevalence of a linear valve-like structure on CT at the pulmonary artery terminus of patent ductus arteriosus in adult patients, mimicking endarteritis. Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA 2021. link 83 Vaidya R, Knee A, Paris Y, Singh R. Predictors of successful patent ductus arteriosus closure with acetaminophen in preterm infants. Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association 2021. link 84 Poon WB, Tagamolila V. Cerebral perfusion and assessing hemodynamic significance for patent ductus arteriosus using near infrared red spectroscopy in very low birth weight infants. The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians 2021. link 85 de Klerk JCA, van Paassen N, van Beynum IM, Flint RB, Reiss IKM, Simons SHP. Ibuprofen treatment after the first days of life in preterm neonates with patent ductus arteriosus. The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians 2021. link 86 Karabulut B, Arcagök BC, Simsek A. Utility of the Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Diagnosing and Predicting Treatment Success in Preterm Neonates with Patent Ductus Arteriosus. Fetal and pediatric pathology 2021. link 87 Louis D, Dey A, Jain A. Association between changes in urine output and successful indomethacin treatment for patent ductus arteriosus in preterm neonates. Journal of paediatrics and child health 2021. link 88 Martins FF, Bassani DG, Rios DI, Resende MHF, Weisz D, Jain A et al.. Relationship of Patent Ductus Arteriosus Echocardiographic Markers With Descending Aorta Diastolic Flow. Journal of ultrasound in medicine : official journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine 2021. link 89 Shen X, Huang Y, Guo H, Peng H, Yao S, Zhou M et al.. Oral ibuprofen promoted cholestatic liver disease in very low birth weight infants with patent ductus arteriosus. Clinics and research in hepatology and gastroenterology 2021. link 90 Foster M, Mallett LH, Govande V, Vora N, Castro A, Raju M et al.. Short-Term Complications Associated with Surgical Ligation of Patent Ductus Arteriosus in ELBW Infants: A 25-Year Cohort Study. American journal of perinatology 2021. link 91 Chorney SR, Zur KB, Buzi A, McKenna Benoit MK, Chennupati SK, Kleinman S et al.. Recorded Flexible Nasolaryngoscopy for Neonatal Vocal Cord Assessment in a Prospective Cohort. The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology 2021. link 92 Sehgal A, Nitzan I, Krishnamurthy MB, Pharande P, Tan K. Toward rational management of patent ductus arteriosus: ductal disease staging and first line paracetamol. The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians 2021. link 93 Dani C, Lista G, Bianchi S, Mosca F, Schena F, Ramenghi L et al.. Intravenous paracetamol in comparison with ibuprofen for the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants: a randomized controlled trial. European journal of pediatrics 2021. link 94 Waldvogel S, Atkinson A, Wilbeaux M, Nelle M, Berger MR, Gerull R. High Dose Indomethacin for Patent Ductus Arteriosus Closure Increases Neonatal Morbidity. American journal of perinatology 2021. link 95 Bischoff AR, Jasani B, Sathanandam SK, Backes C, Weisz DE, McNamara PJ. Percutaneous Closure of Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Infants 1.5 kg or Less: A Meta-Analysis. The Journal of pediatrics 2021. link 96 Mikael A, Andacheh I, Yufa A, Nurick H. Pseudoaneurysm of Patent Ductus Arteriosus Following Previous PDA Closure: Case Report and Literature Review. Vascular and endovascular surgery 2020. link 97 Wilson WM, Shah A, Osten MD, Benson LN, Abraha N, Breitner D et al.. Clinical Outcomes After Percutaneous Patent Ductus Arteriosus Closure in Adults. The Canadian journal of cardiology 2020. link 98 Kishibuchi A, Akaike T, Minamisawa S. Standard-dose gentamicin does not increase risk of patent ductus arteriosus. Pediatrics and neonatology 2020. link 99 Crockett SL, Harris M, Boatwright N, Su RL, Yarboro MT, Berger CD et al.. Role of dopamine and selective dopamine receptor agonists on mouse ductus arteriosus tone and responsiveness. Pediatric research 2020. link 100 Chamberlain RC, Ezekian JE, Sturgeon GM, Barker PCA, Hill KD, Fleming GA. Preprocedural three-dimensional planning aids in transcatheter ductal stent placement: A single-center experience. Catheterization and cardiovascular interventions : official journal of the Society for Cardiac Angiography & Interventions 2020. link