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Cardiology3730 papers

Birth asphyxia

Last edited: 4/23/2026

Overview

Birth asphyxia occurs when a newborn experiences inadequate oxygen supply around the time of birth, leading to potential neonatal morbidity and mortality. It often results from complications during labor and delivery, including umbilical cord complications, placental abruption, and respiratory distress.

Diagnosis

  • Clinical signs include: Apgar scores <7 at 5 minutes, metabolic acidosis, seizures, altered muscle tone (hypotonia or hypertonia), and respiratory distress 48.
  • Recommended tests: Blood gas analysis to assess metabolic acidosis, cranial ultrasound for early detection of brain injury, and continuous cardiorespiratory monitoring 48.

    • Management

  • Immediate resuscitation: Initiate supportive care including airway management, ventilation support, and fluid resuscitation 48.
  • Therapeutic hypothermia: Induced cooling to 33-34°C for 72 hours in infants with moderate to severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy 48.
  • Pharmacological interventions: Magnesium sulfate for neuroprotection in preterm infants (antenatal use shown to reduce cerebral palsy risk) 59.
  • Monitoring: Regular neurological assessments and imaging to monitor for complications like intraventricular hemorrhage 11.

    • Special Populations

  • Preterm Infants: Higher risk of severe complications; therapeutic hypothermia is particularly critical 4811.
  • Comorbidities: Maternal hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) may influence long-term cardiovascular outcomes in preterm infants 45.

    • Key Recommendations

  • Initiate immediate neonatal resuscitation with focus on airway, breathing, and circulation stabilization (Evidence: Strong 48).
  • Consider therapeutic hypothermia for infants with moderate to severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (Evidence: Strong 48).
  • Use magnesium sulfate antenatally to potentially reduce the risk of cerebral palsy in preterm infants (Evidence: Moderate 59).
  • Regularly monitor preterm infants for signs of intraventricular hemorrhage and other neurological sequelae (Evidence: Moderate 11).
  • Address maternal hypertensive disorders of pregnancy as they may impact long-term cardiovascular health in preterm infants (Evidence: Moderate 45).

    • References

    Showing 100 most recent of 225 indexed papers.

    1 Rejzek LC, Lee A, Leal Hernandez ZP, Rajagopalan RM, Non AL. Obstetric views on reduced preterm birth rates early in the COVID-19 pandemic. Social science & medicine (1982) 2026. link 2 Shin SH, Kim HJ, Heo JS. Short-term and long-term effects of vitamin D supplementation for preterm infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association 2026. link 3 Katheria AC, Wilson N, Rysavy MA, Owen LS, Arnell K, Szychowski JM. Impact of Availability of Waiver of Consent on the Preterm Cord Milking versus Deferred Cord Clamping Trial (PREMOD2). Neonatology 2026. link 4 Vergani DOP, Madi JM, de Aguiar LG, Canello VR, Balbinot TC, Lorenzet L et al.. Early childhood blood pressure trajectories in very low birth weight offspring: is there a legacy of maternal hypertension?. Jornal de pediatria 2026. link 5 Kelly MM. Stop using "former": preterm birth and cardiometabolic risk to future health. Pediatric research 2026. link 6 Roush K. March of Dimes Gives United States a D+ for Preterm Birth Rates. The American journal of nursing 2025. link 7 Yang L, Bisits A. The Use of 360° VR Video, Educational Videos, and High-Fidelity Physical Models in Teaching Breech Birth - A Pilot Feasibility Study. The Australian & New Zealand journal of obstetrics & gynaecology 2025. link 8 Greiner AL, Haeri S, Nidey NL. Preterm Births and Maternal-Fetal Medicine Physician Workforce Location in the United States. American journal of perinatology 2025. link 9 Buechel J, Kalisz A, Herbert SL, Scherer-Quenzer A, Blau-Schneider B, Starrach T et al.. Development and validation of a cost-effective DIY simulation model for McDonald cerclage training. Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 2025. link 10 Tamai K, Matsumoto N, Takeuchi A, Nakamura M, Kageyama M, Yorifuji T. Association between gestational age and child health and neurodevelopment in twins from a nationwide longitudinal survey in Japan. Scientific reports 2025. link 11 Lin S, Lin X, Liang Q, Chen S, Zhang Y, Li Y et al.. Glymphatic System in Preterm Neonates: Developmental Insights Following Birth Asphyxia. Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI 2025. link 12 Wang E, Tang P, Chen C. Urinary tract infections and risk of preterm birth: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo 2024. link 13 Ninan K, Liyanage SK, Murphy KE, Asztalos EV, McDonald SD. Long-Term Outcomes of Multiple versus a Single Course of Antenatal Steroids: A Systematic Review. American journal of perinatology 2024. link 14 Gregory EF, Beidas RS, Fiks AG, Lorch SA, Levine LD, Rubin DM et al.. Acceptability of Dyad Care Management After Preterm Birth: A Qualitative Study. Maternal and child health journal 2024. link 15 Anumba D, Soma-Pillay P, Bianchi A, Valencia González CM, Jacobbson B. FIGO good practice recommendations on optimizing models of care for the prevention and mitigation of preterm birth. International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics 2024. link 16 Dos Santos RB, Vettorazzi J, Rosa MW, Arlindo EM, Valério EG. Screening and prevention of preterm birth: how is it done in clinical practice?. Revista brasileira de ginecologia e obstetricia : revista da Federacao Brasileira das Sociedades de Ginecologia e Obstetricia 2024. link 17 Villar J, Cavoretto PI, Barros FC, Romero R, Papageorghiou AT, Kennedy SH. Etiologically Based Functional Taxonomy of the Preterm Birth Syndrome. Clinics in perinatology 2024. link 18 Çıplak G, Becerir C, Sarı FN, Alyamaç Dizdar E. Effect of Maternal Coronavirus Disease on Preterm Morbidities. American journal of perinatology 2024. link 19 Quinn MK, Katheria A, Bennett M, Lu T, Lee H. Delayed Cord Clamping Uptake and Outcomes for Infants Born Very Preterm in California. American journal of perinatology 2024. link 20 Balascio P, Moore M, Gongalla M, Regan A, Ha S, Taylor BD et al.. Measures of Racism and Discrimination in Preterm Birth Studies. Obstetrics and gynecology 2023. link 21 Sacco A, Cornish EF, Marlow N, David AL, Giussani DA. The effect of antenatal corticosteroid use on offspring cardiovascular function: A systematic review. BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology 2023. link 22 . U.S. Maternal and Infant Health: Mixed News. The American journal of nursing 2023. link 23 Hall M, Suff N, Stirrat L, Coary C, Abernethy J, Debray R et al.. Cervical cerclage training: Development and assessment of a simulator. American journal of obstetrics & gynecology MFM 2023. link 24 Afagbedzi SK, Alhassan Y, Alangea DO, Taylor H. Maternal factors and child health conditions at birth associated with preterm deaths in a tertiary health facility in Ghana: A retrospective analysis. Frontiers in public health 2023. link 25 Toro-Huerta C, Vidal C, Araya-Castillo L. Temporal trends and factors associated with preterm birth in Chile, 1992-2018. Salud colectiva 2023. link 26 Patterson JK, Neuwahl S, Goco N, Moore J, Goudar SS, Derman RJ et al.. Cost-effectiveness of low-dose aspirin for the prevention of preterm birth: a prospective study of the Global Network for Women's and Children's Health Research. The Lancet. Global health 2023. link00548-4) 27 Frier EM, Lin C, Reynolds RM, Allegaert K, Been JV, Fraser A et al.. Consortium for the Study of Pregnancy Treatments (Co-OPT): An international birth cohort to study the effects of antenatal corticosteroids. PloS one 2023. link 28 Salam SS, Ameen S, Balen J, Nahar Q, Jabeen S, Ahmed A et al.. Research prioritisation on prevention and management of preterm birth in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) with a special focus on Bangladesh using the Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative (CHNRI) method. Journal of global health 2023. link 29 Woo J, Guffey T, Dailey R, Misra D, Giurgescu C. Vitamin D Status as an Important Predictor of Preterm Birth in a Cohort of Black Women. Nutrients 2023. link 30 Motlagh AJ, Davoodvandi A, Saeieh SE. Association between vitamin D level in mother's serum and the level of vitamin D in the serum of pre-term infants. BMC pediatrics 2023. link 31 Tang WQ, Ma N, Meng LY, Luo YW, Wang YJ, Zhang D. Vitamin D supplementation improved physical growth and neurologic development of Preterm Infants receiving Nesting Care in the neonatal Intensive Care Unit. BMC pediatrics 2023. link 32 Fisher M, Marro L, Arbuckle TE, Potter BK, Little J, Weiler H et al.. Association between toxic metals, vitamin D and preterm birth in the Maternal-Infant research on environmental chemicals study. Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology 2023. link 33 Matejek T, Zapletalova B, Stepan M, Malakova J, Palicka V. Dynamics of the vitamin D C3-epimer levels in preterm infants. Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine 2023. link 34 Mori JD, Kassai MS, Lebrão CW, Affonso-Fonseca FL, Sarni ROS, Suano-Souza FI. Influence of umbilical cord vitamin D serum levels on the growth of preterm infants. Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.) 2023. link 35 Cheng H, Chi P, Zhuang Y, Alifu X, Zhou H, Qiu Y et al.. Association of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D with Preterm Birth and Premature Rupture of Membranes: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Nutrients 2023. link 36 Liefke J, Steding-Ehrenborg K, Sjöberg P, Ryd D, Morsing E, Arheden H et al.. Higher blood pressure in adolescent boys after very preterm birth and fetal growth restriction. Pediatric research 2023. link 37 Sisman J, Leon RL, Payton BW, Brown LS, Mir IN. Placental pathology associated with lenticulostriate vasculopathy (LSV) in preterm infants. Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association 2023. link 38 Janssen LE, de Boer MA, von Königslöw ECE, Oudijk MA, de Groot CJM. The association between spontaneous preterm birth and maternal hypertension in the fifth decade of life: a retrospective case-control study. BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology 2023. link 39 Seidenari A, Cavoretto PI, Carbone IF, Germano C, Iurlaro E, Gaeta G et al.. The cumulative incidence of neonatal metabolic acidemia after terminal bradycardia in the 2nd stage of labor: a survival-based model. Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 2023. link 40 Wilson A, Hodgetts-Morton VA, Marson EJ, Markland AD, Larkai E, Papadopoulou A et al.. Tocolytics for delaying preterm birth: a network meta-analysis (0924). The Cochrane database of systematic reviews 2022. link 41 . Practice Guideline 11: A Detailed Examination of the Data on Surgical Abortion and Preterm Birth. Issues in law & medicine 2022. link 42 Karayel Eroglu H, Gulasi S, Mert MK, Cekinmez EK. Relationship between the mode of delivery, morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. Journal of tropical pediatrics 2022. link 43 Tekgündüz KŞ, Dilek D, Kara M, Öztürk N, Tekgündüz SE. Factors that affect placental retinol transfer in preterm infants and mothers with retinol deficiency. Turkish journal of medical sciences 2022. link 44 Matejek T, Zemankova J, Malakova J, Cermakova E, Skalova S, Palicka V. Severe vitamin D deficiency in preterm infants: possibly no association with clinical outcomes?. The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians 2022. link 45 N M, Am M, M Z, Sh A, F HN, S M. The Effect of B. Biochemical genetics 2022. link 46 Weydig HM, Rosenfeld CR, Wyckoff MH, Jaleel MA, Burchfield PJ, Thomas A et al.. Association of antenatal steroids with surfactant administration in moderate preterm infants born to women with diabetes mellitus and/or hypertension. Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association 2022. link 47 Kono Y, Yonemoto N, Nakanishi H, Hosono S, Hirano S, Kusuda S et al.. A Retrospective Cohort Study on Mortality and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes of Preterm Very Low Birth Weight Infants Born to Mothers with Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy. American journal of perinatology 2022. link 48 Bower A, Lorain P, Kayem G, Dommergues M, Foix-L'Hélias L, Guellec I. Perinatal outcome and need of care for term asphyxiated newborns without moderate or severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) 2022. link 49 Murata T, Aoyagi Y, Okimura H, Ueda A. Report from "International Workshop for Junior Fellows 2: Tocolytic treatment for prevention of preterm birth" at the 73rd Annual Congress of the Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology. The journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research 2021. link 50 Eklom B, Tracy S, Callander E. An exploration of potential output measures to assess efficiency and productivity for labour and birth in Australia. BMC pregnancy and childbirth 2021. link 51 Clark RRS, Warren N, Shermock KM, Perrin N, Lake E, Sharps PW. The Role of Oxytocin in Primary Cesarean Birth Among Low-Risk Women. Journal of midwifery & women's health 2021. link 52 Fernandez Turienzo C, Silverio SA, Coxon K, Brigante L, Seed PT, Shennan AH et al.. Experiences of maternity care among women at increased risk of preterm birth receiving midwifery continuity of care compared to women receiving standard care: Results from the POPPIE pilot trial. PloS one 2021. link 53 Tokinobu A, Tanaka K, Arakawa M, Miyake Y. Maternal Use of Induction Heating Cookers During Pregnancy and Birth Outcomes: The Kyushu Okinawa Maternal and Child Health Study. Bioelectromagnetics 2021. link 54 Lian RH, Qi PA, Yuan T, Yan PJ, Qiu WW, Wei Y et al.. Systematic review and meta-analysis of vitamin D deficiency in different pregnancy on preterm birth: Deficiency in middle pregnancy might be at risk. Medicine 2021. link 55 Jung JH, Kim EA, Lee SY, Moon JE, Lee EJ, Park SH. Vitamin D Status and Factors Associated with Vitamin D Deficiency during the First Year of Life in Preterm Infants. Nutrients 2021. link 56 Yonaga Y, Ito A. The safety of ritodrine hydrochloride: Adverse effects on fetuses and newborns. Drug discoveries & therapeutics 2021. link 57 McLemore MR, Berkowitz RL, Oltman SP, Baer RJ, Franck L, Fuchs J et al.. Risk and Protective Factors for Preterm Birth Among Black Women in Oakland, California. Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities 2021. link 58 Gould JB, Bennett MV, Phibbs CS, Lee HC. Population Improvement Bias Observed in Estimates of the Impact of Antenatal Steroids to Outcomes in Preterm Birth. The Journal of pediatrics 2021. link 59 Ozer Bekmez B, Oğuz Y, Kutman HGK, Uygur D, Canpolat FE, Oğuz SS et al.. The Effect of Antenatal Neuroprotective Magnesium Sulfate Treatment on Cerebral Oxygenation in Preterm Infants. American journal of perinatology 2021. link 60 Rovers JFJ, Thomissen IJC, Janssen LCE, Lingius S, Wieland BV, Dieleman JP et al.. The relationship between antenatal indomethacin as a tocolytic drug and neonatal outcomes: a retrospective cohort study. The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians 2021. link 61 Coates D, Thirukumar P, Henry A. Women's experiences and satisfaction with having a cesarean birth: An integrative review. Birth (Berkeley, Calif.) 2020. link 62 Suff N, Hall M, Shennan A, Chandiramani M. The use of quantitative fetal fibronectin for the prediction of preterm birth in women with exposed fetal membranes undergoing emergency cervical cerclage. European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology 2020. link 63 Hickland MM, Story L, Glazewska-Hallin A, Suff N, Cauldwell M, Watson HA et al.. Efficacy of transvaginal cervical cerclage in women at risk of preterm birth following previous emergency cesarean section. Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica 2020. link 64 Barbato AL, Wetzel EA, Li W, Bo N, Mayer L, Byrne BJ. Simulation Education for Preterm Infant Delivery Room Management at Community Hospitals. Pediatrics 2020. link 65 Reitter A, Halliday A, Walker S. Practical insight into upright breech birth from birth videos: A structured analysis. Birth (Berkeley, Calif.) 2020. link 66 Zhao Y, Lu H, Zang Y, Li X. A systematic review of clinical practice guidelines on uncomplicated birth. BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology 2020. link 67 Retnakaran R, Ye C. Outcome of the 2016 United States presidential election and the subsequent sex ratio at birth in Canada: an ecological study. BMJ open 2020. link 68 Fernandez Turienzo C, Bick D, Briley AL, Bollard M, Coxon K, Cross P et al.. Midwifery continuity of care versus standard maternity care for women at increased risk of preterm birth: A hybrid implementation-effectiveness, randomised controlled pilot trial in the UK. PLoS medicine 2020. link 69 Franck LS, McLemore MR, Williams S, Millar K, Gordon AY, Williams S et al.. Research priorities of women at risk for preterm birth: findings and a call to action. BMC pregnancy and childbirth 2020. link 70 Cakir U, Tayman C, Buyuktiryaki M, Unsal H, Ozer Bekmez B. Do Calcium and Potassium Levels Influence Ductal Patency in Preterm Infants?. American journal of perinatology 2020. link 71 Mesiano SA, Peters GA, Amini P, Wilson RA, Tochtrop GP, van Den Akker F. Progestin therapy to prevent preterm birth: History and effectiveness of current strategies and development of novel approaches. Placenta 2019. link 72 Krick JA, Feltman DM. Neonatologists' preferences regarding guidelines for periviable deliveries: do we really know what we want?. Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association 2019. link 73 Tuohy JF, Harding JE, Crowther CA, Bloomfield FH. Reported adherence to current antenatal corticosteroid guidelines in Australia and New Zealand. The Australian & New Zealand journal of obstetrics & gynaecology 2019. link 74 Visser L, de Boer MA, de Groot CJM. Analysis of Publication Interest on Preterm Birth Over Two Decades. Maternal and child health journal 2019. link 75 Kindinger LM, David AL. The role of the obstetrician in the prevention of retinopathy of prematurity. Seminars in perinatology 2019. link 76 Minnick AF, Schorn MN, Dietrich MS, Donaghey B. Providers' Reports of Environmental Conditions and Resources at Births in the United States. Western journal of nursing research 2019. link 77 Battarbee AN, Clapp MA, Boggess KA, Kaimal A, Snead C, Schulkin J et al.. Practice Variation in Antenatal Steroid Administration for Anticipated Late Preterm Birth: A Physician Survey. American journal of perinatology 2019. link 78 Pritchard NL, Hiscock RJ, Lockie E, Permezel M, McGauren MFG, Kennedy AL et al.. Identification of the optimal growth charts for use in a preterm population: An Australian state-wide retrospective cohort study. PLoS medicine 2019. link 79 Oliver C, Watson C, Crowley E, Gilroy M, Page D, Weber K et al.. Vitamin and Mineral Supplementation Practices in Preterm Infants: A Survey of Australian and New Zealand Neonatal Intensive and Special Care Units. Nutrients 2019. link 80 Yu L, Guo Y, Ke HJ, He YS, Che D, Wu JL. Vitamin D Status in Pregnant Women in Southern China and Risk of Preterm Birth: A Large-Scale Retrospective Cohort Study. Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research 2019. link 81 Balogun H, Jaakkola JJK, Amegah AK. Association of Sunlight Exposure and Consumption of Vitamin D-Rich Foods During Pregnancy with Adverse Birth Outcomes in an African Population. Journal of tropical pediatrics 2019. link 82 Olapeju B, Saifuddin A, Wang G, Ji Y, Hong X, Raghavan R et al.. Maternal postpartum plasma folate status and preterm birth in a high-risk US population. Public health nutrition 2019. link 83 Vieira ACF, Alves CMC, Rodrigues VP, Ribeiro CCC, Gomes-Filho IS, Lopes FF. Oral, systemic and socioeconomic factors associated with preterm birth. Women and birth : journal of the Australian College of Midwives 2019. link 84 Francois LN, Yang J, Baer RJ, Chung PJ, Jelliffe-Pawlowski LL, Coker TR. Cross-Generational Contributors to Preterm Birth in California: Singletons Based on Race/Ethnicity. American journal of perinatology 2019. link 85 Hodgins S. Antenatal Corticosteroids: . Global health, science and practice 2018. link 86 Obladen M. From "apparent death" to "birth asphyxia": a history of blame. Pediatric research 2018. link 87 Walker S, Parker P, Scamell M. Expertise in physiological breech birth: A mixed-methods study. Birth (Berkeley, Calif.) 2018. link 88 Walker S, Scamell M, Parker P. Deliberate acquisition of competence in physiological breech birth: A grounded theory study. Women and birth : journal of the Australian College of Midwives 2018. link 89 Catov JM, Muldoon MF, Reis SE, Ness RB, Nguyen LN, Yamal JM et al.. Preterm birth with placental evidence of malperfusion is associated with cardiovascular risk factors after pregnancy: a prospective cohort study. BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology 2018. link 90 Musilova I, Andrys C, Drahosova M, Zednikova B, Hornychova H, Pliskova L et al.. Late preterm prelabor rupture of fetal membranes: fetal inflammatory response and neonatal outcome. Pediatric research 2018. link 91 . Committee Opinion No. 713: Antenatal Corticosteroid Therapy for Fetal Maturation. Obstetrics and gynecology 2017. link 92 . Committee Opinion No. 713 Summary: Antenatal Corticosteroid Therapy for Fetal Maturation. Obstetrics and gynecology 2017. link 93 Manuck TA. 17-alpha hydroxyprogesterone caproate for preterm birth prevention: Where have we been, how did we get here, and where are we going?. Seminars in perinatology 2017. link 94 . Obstetric Care consensus No. 6: Periviable Birth. Obstetrics and gynecology 2017. link 95 . Obstetric Care Consensus No. 6 Summary: Periviable Birth. Obstetrics and gynecology 2017. link 96 Khalifeh A, Quist-Nelson J, Berghella V. Universal cervical length screening for preterm birth prevention in the United States. The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians 2017. link 97 Straughen JK, Misra DP, Ernst LM, Charles AK, VanHorn S, Ghosh S et al.. Methods to decrease variability in histological scoring in placentas from a cohort of preterm infants. BMJ open 2017. link 98 Bozkurt O, Uras N, Sari FN, Atay FY, Sahin S, Alkan AD et al.. Multi-dose vitamin d supplementation in stable very preterm infants: Prospective randomized trial response to three different vitamin D supplementation doses. Early human development 2017. link 99 Shoji H, Ikeda N, Kojima C, Kitamura T, Suganuma H, Hisata K et al.. Relationship between copper and lipids and atherogenic indices soon after birth in Japanese preterm infants of 32-35 weeks. Journal of developmental origins of health and disease 2017. link 100 Danieli-Gruber S, Maayan-Metzger A, Schushan-Eisen I, Strauss T, Leibovitch L. Outcome of preterm infants born to overweight and obese mothers†. The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians 2017. link

    Original source

    1. [1]
      Obstetric views on reduced preterm birth rates early in the COVID-19 pandemic. — Rejzek LC, Lee A, Leal Hernandez ZP, Rajagopalan RM, Non AL Social science & medicine (1982) (2026)
    2. [2]
      Short-term and long-term effects of vitamin D supplementation for preterm infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis. — Shin SH, Kim HJ, Heo JS Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association (2026)
    3. [3]
      Impact of Availability of Waiver of Consent on the Preterm Cord Milking versus Deferred Cord Clamping Trial (PREMOD2). — Katheria AC, Wilson N, Rysavy MA, Owen LS, Arnell K, Szychowski JM Neonatology (2026)
    4. [4]
      Early childhood blood pressure trajectories in very low birth weight offspring: is there a legacy of maternal hypertension? — Vergani DOP, Madi JM, de Aguiar LG, Canello VR, Balbinot TC, Lorenzet L et al. Jornal de pediatria (2026)
    5. [5]
      Stop using "former": preterm birth and cardiometabolic risk to future health. — Kelly MM Pediatric research (2026)
    6. [6]
      March of Dimes Gives United States a D+ for Preterm Birth Rates. — Roush K The American journal of nursing (2025)
    7. [7]
      The Use of 360° VR Video, Educational Videos, and High-Fidelity Physical Models in Teaching Breech Birth - A Pilot Feasibility Study. — Yang L, Bisits A The Australian & New Zealand journal of obstetrics & gynaecology (2025)
    8. [8]
      Preterm Births and Maternal-Fetal Medicine Physician Workforce Location in the United States. — Greiner AL, Haeri S, Nidey NL American journal of perinatology (2025)
    9. [9]
      Development and validation of a cost-effective DIY simulation model for McDonald cerclage training. — Buechel J, Kalisz A, Herbert SL, Scherer-Quenzer A, Blau-Schneider B, Starrach T et al. Archives of gynecology and obstetrics (2025)
    10. [10]
      Association between gestational age and child health and neurodevelopment in twins from a nationwide longitudinal survey in Japan. — Tamai K, Matsumoto N, Takeuchi A, Nakamura M, Kageyama M, Yorifuji T Scientific reports (2025)
    11. [11]
      Glymphatic System in Preterm Neonates: Developmental Insights Following Birth Asphyxia. — Lin S, Lin X, Liang Q, Chen S, Zhang Y, Li Y et al. Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI (2025)
    12. [12]
      Urinary tract infections and risk of preterm birth: a systematic review and meta-analysis. — Wang E, Tang P, Chen C Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo (2024)
    13. [13]
      Long-Term Outcomes of Multiple versus a Single Course of Antenatal Steroids: A Systematic Review. — Ninan K, Liyanage SK, Murphy KE, Asztalos EV, McDonald SD American journal of perinatology (2024)
    14. [14]
      Acceptability of Dyad Care Management After Preterm Birth: A Qualitative Study. — Gregory EF, Beidas RS, Fiks AG, Lorch SA, Levine LD, Rubin DM et al. Maternal and child health journal (2024)
    15. [15]
      FIGO good practice recommendations on optimizing models of care for the prevention and mitigation of preterm birth. — Anumba D, Soma-Pillay P, Bianchi A, Valencia González CM, Jacobbson B International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (2024)
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      Screening and prevention of preterm birth: how is it done in clinical practice? — Dos Santos RB, Vettorazzi J, Rosa MW, Arlindo EM, Valério EG Revista brasileira de ginecologia e obstetricia : revista da Federacao Brasileira das Sociedades de Ginecologia e Obstetricia (2024)
    17. [17]
      Etiologically Based Functional Taxonomy of the Preterm Birth Syndrome. — Villar J, Cavoretto PI, Barros FC, Romero R, Papageorghiou AT, Kennedy SH Clinics in perinatology (2024)
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      Effect of Maternal Coronavirus Disease on Preterm Morbidities. — Çıplak G, Becerir C, Sarı FN, Alyamaç Dizdar E American journal of perinatology (2024)
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      Delayed Cord Clamping Uptake and Outcomes for Infants Born Very Preterm in California. — Quinn MK, Katheria A, Bennett M, Lu T, Lee H American journal of perinatology (2024)
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      Measures of Racism and Discrimination in Preterm Birth Studies. — Balascio P, Moore M, Gongalla M, Regan A, Ha S, Taylor BD et al. Obstetrics and gynecology (2023)
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      The effect of antenatal corticosteroid use on offspring cardiovascular function: A systematic review. — Sacco A, Cornish EF, Marlow N, David AL, Giussani DA BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology (2023)
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      U.S. Maternal and Infant Health: Mixed News. The American journal of nursing (2023)
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      Cervical cerclage training: Development and assessment of a simulator. — Hall M, Suff N, Stirrat L, Coary C, Abernethy J, Debray R et al. American journal of obstetrics & gynecology MFM (2023)
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      Maternal factors and child health conditions at birth associated with preterm deaths in a tertiary health facility in Ghana: A retrospective analysis. — Afagbedzi SK, Alhassan Y, Alangea DO, Taylor H Frontiers in public health (2023)
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      Temporal trends and factors associated with preterm birth in Chile, 1992-2018. — Toro-Huerta C, Vidal C, Araya-Castillo L Salud colectiva (2023)
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      Cost-effectiveness of low-dose aspirin for the prevention of preterm birth: a prospective study of the Global Network for Women's and Children's Health Research. — Patterson JK, Neuwahl S, Goco N, Moore J, Goudar SS, Derman RJ et al. The Lancet. Global health (2023)
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      Consortium for the Study of Pregnancy Treatments (Co-OPT): An international birth cohort to study the effects of antenatal corticosteroids. — Frier EM, Lin C, Reynolds RM, Allegaert K, Been JV, Fraser A et al. PloS one (2023)
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      Research prioritisation on prevention and management of preterm birth in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) with a special focus on Bangladesh using the Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative (CHNRI) method. — Salam SS, Ameen S, Balen J, Nahar Q, Jabeen S, Ahmed A et al. Journal of global health (2023)
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      Vitamin D Status as an Important Predictor of Preterm Birth in a Cohort of Black Women. — Woo J, Guffey T, Dailey R, Misra D, Giurgescu C Nutrients (2023)
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      Association between vitamin D level in mother's serum and the level of vitamin D in the serum of pre-term infants. — Motlagh AJ, Davoodvandi A, Saeieh SE BMC pediatrics (2023)
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