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Ophthalmology985 papers

Cortical visual impairment

Last edited: 4/17/2026

Overview

Cortical visual impairment (CVI) refers to visual deficits resulting from brain damage affecting visual processing centers, rather than issues within the eyes themselves. It commonly affects infants and children with perinatal brain injuries, leading to difficulties in visual perception and processing despite normal ocular examinations. 30 81

Diagnosis

Clinical Presentation: Abnormal visual behaviors, poor visual tracking, and failure to respond to visual stimuli.

Recommended Tests: Neuroimaging (MRI/CT) to identify brain lesions, visual evoked potentials (VEP) to assess cortical function, and comprehensive ophthalmologic evaluation to rule out ocular causes.

Grading: Often assessed based on severity of visual impairment and functional impact, though standardized grading systems are not universally adopted. 30 81

Management

Early Intervention: Multidisciplinary approach including physical, occupational, and visual therapy tailored to individual needs.

Supportive Therapies: Use of visual aids and environmental modifications to enhance visual accessibility.

Family Education: Training for caregivers on recognizing and responding to visual cues and behaviors.

Monitoring and Follow-Up: Regular assessments to track developmental progress and adjust interventions accordingly. 3 5 30

Special Populations

Pediatrics: Early intervention is crucial; feasibility studies suggest near vision glasses may have potential benefits 3.

Elderly: Less directly addressed in abstracts; management principles similar but tailored to age-related comorbidities.

Comorbidities: No specific evidence provided in abstracts regarding unique management strategies for CVI in the context of other neurological conditions. 3 5 30

Key Recommendations

Conduct comprehensive neuroimaging and visual evoked potential testing to diagnose CVI accurately (Evidence: Moderate 30).

Implement early, multidisciplinary intervention programs including visual, physical, and occupational therapies (Evidence: Expert opinion 3).

Provide ongoing support and education to families and caregivers to optimize the child’s developmental outcomes (Evidence: Moderate 5).

Regularly monitor and adjust therapeutic interventions based on developmental progress and functional needs (Evidence: Expert opinion 30).

References

Showing 100 most recent of 149 indexed papers.

1 Owusu P, Amoako PT, Asiamah R, Owusu G, Sa-Ambo JM, Agyiri PE et al.. Bibliometric mapping of the contribution of African optometry researchers to ophthalmic literature. Clinical & experimental optometry 2026. link 2 Dong XX, Kai JY, Li DL, Lanca C, Grzybowski A, Ke C et al.. Visual Impairment and Risk of All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality: Results From Two Prospective Cohort Studies. American journal of ophthalmology 2026. link 3 Bullaj R, Dyet L, Mitra S, Bunce C, Clarke CS, Saunders K et al.. Can provision of near vision glasses as an early intervention improve visual outcomes in infants at risk of perinatal brain insult? The Babies in Glasses (BiG) randomised feasibility trial. BMJ open 2026. link 4 Shah AM. Hopeful progress in artificial vision. Artificial organs 2025. link 5 Akpakli EM, Munsamy AJ, Rampersad N. Assessment of pediatric eye care services in health facilities in the Ashanti region of Ghana. African journal of primary health care & family medicine 2025. link 6 Bondok MS, Bondok MS, Selvakumar R, Ahuja N, Ing E. Accessibility of Canadian ophthalmology department webpages for the visually impaired. Canadian journal of ophthalmology. Journal canadien d'ophtalmologie 2025. link 7 Kertesz A. Anton, Balint, Charles Bonnet, and the Others: The ABC of Cerebral Visual Syndromes (A Historical Guide and an Update). The Canadian journal of neurological sciences. Le journal canadien des sciences neurologiques 2024. link 8 Magakwe TSS, Hansraj R, Xulu-Kasaba ZN. Vision-Specific Tools for the Assessment of Health-Related Quality of Life (HR-QoL) in Children and Adolescents with Visual Impairment: A Scoping Review. International journal of environmental research and public health 2024. link 9 de Jong PTVM. A history of visual acuity testing and optotypes. Eye (London, England) 2024. link 10 Dossantos J, Riddering AT, Ndjonko LCM, Choudhry HS, Gasquet N, Kong X et al.. Assessing Eye Clinic Accessibility: A Study Validating and Applying the SiteWise Survey. Translational vision science & technology 2024. link 11 Barone F, Bunea I, Creel K, Sharma R, Amaral J, Maminishkis A et al.. An Automated Visual Psychophysics Method to Measure Visual Function in Swine Preclinical Animal Model. Translational vision science & technology 2024. link 12 Sharma M, Huertas L, Shah S, Gil A, Bitrian E, Chang TC. Compliance with web content accessibility guidelines in ophthalmology social media posts. Scientific reports 2024. link 13 Thirunavukarasu AJ, Hassan R, Limonard A, Savant SV. Accuracy and reliability of self-administered visual acuity tests: Systematic review of pragmatic trials. PloS one 2023. link 14 Masalkhi M, Waisberg E, Ong J, Zaman N, Sarker P, Lee AG et al.. Apple Vision Pro for Ophthalmology and Medicine. Annals of biomedical engineering 2023. link 15 Brant A, Kolomeyer N, Goldberg JL, Haller J, Lee CS, Lee AY et al.. United States Population Disparities in Ophthalmic Care: Blindness and Visual Impairment in the IRIS® Registry (Intelligent Research in Sight). Ophthalmology 2023. link 16 Budrionis A, Plikynas D, Daniušis P, Indrulionis A. Smartphone-based computer vision travelling aids for blind and visually impaired individuals: A systematic review. Assistive technology : the official journal of RESNA 2022. link 17 de Araújo BMF, Venâncio TS, Freire LA, Negrão JVRT, Kasahara N. Predictors of parental satisfaction with the pediatric ophthalmology care in a Brazilian hospital. Health & social care in the community 2022. link 18 Esteban-Ibañez E, Pérez-Roche T, Prieto E, Castillo O, Fanlo-Zarazaga A, Alejandre A et al.. Age norms for grating acuity and contrast sensitivity in children using eye tracking technology. International ophthalmology 2022. link 19 Alrasheed SH. A systemic review of barriers to accessing paediatric eye care services in African countries. African health sciences 2021. link 20 Elsman EBM, Koel M, van Nispen RMA, van Rens GHMB. Quality of Life and Participation of Children With Visual Impairment: Comparison With Population Reference Scores. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 2021. link 21 Nascimento H, Alvarez-Peregrina C, Martinez-Perez C, Sánchez-Tena MÁ. Differences in Visuospatial Expertise between Skeet Shooting Athletes and Non-Athletes. International journal of environmental research and public health 2021. link 22 Kawamoto K, Stanojcic N, Li JO, Thomas PBM. Visual Acuity Apps for Rapid Integration in Teleconsultation Services in all Resource Settings: A Review. Asia-Pacific journal of ophthalmology (Philadelphia, Pa.) 2021. link 23 Jørstad ØK, Jonsdottir TE, Zysset S, Rowe F. A traffic perimetry test that adheres to the European visual field requirements. Acta ophthalmologica 2021. link 24 March de Ribot F, March de Ribot A, Ogbuehi K, Large R. Teleophthalmology in the post-coronavirus era. The New Zealand medical journal 2021. link 25 Sasaki M, Miyake M, Fujiwara K, Nanba H, Akiyama M, Yanagi Y et al.. Cohort Profile: The . Ophthalmic epidemiology 2021. link 26 Robertson AO, Tadić V, Cortina-Borja M, Rahi J. Feasibility of using patient-reported outcome measures with visually impaired children/young people attending paediatric ophthalmology clinics. Archives of disease in childhood 2021. link 27 Schenke N, Franke R, Puschmann S, Turgut N, Kastrup A, Thiel CM et al.. Can auditory cues improve visuo-spatial neglect? Results of two pilot studies. Neuropsychological rehabilitation 2021. link 28 Pokorny J, Smith VC. Fifty Years Exploring the Visual System. Annual review of vision science 2020. link 29 Wu JF, Visotcky A, Szabo A, Eyler S, Siegmann P, Griepentrog GJ et al.. Implementation of a Novel Near Visual Acuity Chart in an Emergency Department Setting. Journal for healthcare quality : official publication of the National Association for Healthcare Quality 2020. link 30 Ho ML, Mansukhani SA, Brodsky MC. Prenatal or Perinatal Injury? Diagnosing the Cortically Blind Infant. American journal of ophthalmology 2020. link 31 Deng W, Faiq MA, Liu C, Adi V, Chan KC. Applications of Manganese-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Ophthalmology and Visual Neuroscience. Frontiers in neural circuits 2019. link 32 Papanikolaou A, Keliris GA, Papageorgiou TD, Schiefer U, Logothetis NK, Smirnakis SM. Organization of area hV5/MT+ in subjects with homonymous visual field defects. NeuroImage 2019. link 33 Coetzer R. The potential role of relatives in designing person-centred assistive technologies (innovative practice). Dementia (London, England) 2019. link 34 Lilian RR, Railton J, Schaftenaar E, Mabitsi M, Grobbelaar CJ, Khosa NS et al.. Strengthening primary eye care in South Africa: An assessment of services and prospective evaluation of a health systems support package. PloS one 2018. link 35 Maitreya A, Rawat D, Pandey S. A pilot study regarding basic knowledge of "cortical visual impairment in children" among ophthalmologists. Indian journal of ophthalmology 2018. link 36 Aggarwal S, Ju D, Allen AM, Rose LA, Gill KP, Shen SA et al.. Regional differences in vision health: findings from Mwanza, Tanzania. International health 2018. link 37 Bro T, Lindblom B. Strain out a gnat and swallow a camel? - vision and driving in the Nordic countries. Acta ophthalmologica 2018. link 38 Robertson AO, Tadić V, Rahi JS. Transition from paediatric to adult ophthalmology services: what matters most to young people with visual impairment. Eye (London, England) 2018. link 39 Baptista AMG, Serra PM, McAlinden C, Barrett BT. Vision in high-level football officials. PloS one 2017. link 40 Costea CF, Turliuc Ş, Buzdugă C, Cucu AI, Dumitrescu GF, Sava A et al.. The history of optic chiasm from antiquity to the twentieth century. Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery 2017. link 41 Tadić V, Rahi JS. One size doesn't fit all: time to revisit patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in paediatric ophthalmology?. Eye (London, England) 2017. link 42 Thompson DA, Fritsch DM, Hardy SE. The changing shape of the ISCEV standard pattern onset VEP. Documenta ophthalmologica. Advances in ophthalmology 2017. link 43 Liebrand-Schurink J, Boonstra FN, van Rens GH, Cillessen AH, Meulenbroek RG, Cox RF. Shape of magnifiers affects controllability in children with visual impairment. Acta ophthalmologica 2016. link 44 O'Modhrain S, Giudice NA, Gardner JA, Legge GE. Designing Media for Visually-Impaired Users of Refreshable Touch Displays: Possibilities and Pitfalls. IEEE transactions on haptics 2015. link 45 Sawaya R, El Ayoubi N, Hamam R. Acute neurological visual loss in young adults: causes, diagnosis and management. Postgraduate medical journal 2015. link 46 Goudie C, Khan A, Lowe C, Wright M. The accuracy of the Edinburgh visual loss diagnostic algorithm. Eye (London, England) 2015. link 47 Barleben M, Stoppel CM, Kaufmann J, Merkel C, Wecke T, Goertler M et al.. Neural correlates of visual motion processing without awareness in patients with striate cortex and pulvinar lesions. Human brain mapping 2015. link 48 Bertini C, Cecere R, Làdavas E. I am blind, but I "see" fear. Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior 2013. link 49 Paciaroni M, Bogousslavsky J, Caso V, Agnelli G. Visual dysfunctions. Frontiers of neurology and neuroscience 2012. link 50 Chou CF, Barker LE, Crews JE, Primo SA, Zhang X, Elliott AF et al.. Disparities in eye care utilization among the United States adults with visual impairment: findings from the behavioral risk factor surveillance system 2006-2009. American journal of ophthalmology 2012. link 51 Karakosta A, Vassilaki M, Plainis S, Elfadl NH, Tsilimbaris M, Moschandreas J. Choice of analytic approach for eye-specific outcomes: one eye or two?. American journal of ophthalmology 2012. link 52 Gillespie-Gallery H, Conway ML, Subramanian A. Are rehabilitation services for patients in UK eye clinics adequate? A survey of eye care professionals. Eye (London, England) 2012. link 53 Vela C, Samson E, Zunzunegui MV, Haddad S, Aubin MJ, Freeman EE. Eye care utilization by older adults in low, middle, and high income countries. BMC ophthalmology 2012. link 54 Yousuf SJ, Jones LS, Kidwell ED. Enucleation and evisceration: 20 years of experience. Orbit (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 2012. link 55 Weinstein JM, Gilmore RO, Shaikh SM, Kunselman AR, Trescher WV, Tashima LM et al.. Defective motion processing in children with cerebral visual impairment due to periventricular white matter damage. Developmental medicine and child neurology 2012. link 56 du Toit R, Cook C, Minnies D, Brian G. Developing a competency-based curriculum for eye care managers in Sub-Saharan Africa. Rural and remote health 2010. link 57 Rahi JS, Cumberland PM, Peckham CS. Improving detection of blindness in childhood: the British Childhood Vision Impairment study. Pediatrics 2010. link 58 Itoh Y, Maehara S, Okada K, Izumisawa Y. Pattern-stimulated visual evoked potential in dog: changes in elicited response with pattern size and calculation of visual acuity. The Journal of veterinary medical science 2010. link 59 Hou CH, Lin KK, Chang CJ, Lee JS. The effect of low-vision simulators on ophthalmology residents' perception of quality of life. Canadian journal of ophthalmology. Journal canadien d'ophtalmologie 2009. link 60 Fong CS, Wang JJ, Rochtchina E, Schneider J, Jakobsen KB, Smith W et al.. Survey effect on use of eye care by older persons with correctable visual impairment. Ophthalmic epidemiology 2009. link 61 Lee DJ, Lam BL, Arora S, Arheart KL, McCollister KE, Zheng DD et al.. Reported eye care utilization and health insurance status among US adults. Archives of ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960) 2009. link 62 Rorden C, Jelsone L, Simon-Dack S, Baylis LL, Baylis GC. Visual extinction: the effect of temporal and spatial bias. Neuropsychologia 2009. link 63 Taylor HR, Pezzullo ML, Nesbitt SJ, Keeffe JE. Costs of interventions for visual impairment. American journal of ophthalmology 2007. link 64 Graham JM, Haskell MJ, Pandey P, Shrestha RK, Brown KH, Allen LH. Supplementation with iron and riboflavin enhances dark adaptation response to vitamin A-fortified rice in iron-deficient, pregnant, nightblind Nepali women. The American journal of clinical nutrition 2007. link 65 Frick KD, Kymes SM. The calculation and use of economic burden data. The British journal of ophthalmology 2006. link 66 Lafuma AJ, Brézin AP, Fagnani FL, Mesbah M, Berdeaux GH. Prevalence of visual impairment in relation to the number of ophthalmologists in a given area: a nationwide approach. Health and quality of life outcomes 2006. link 67 Tay T, Rochtchina E, Mitchell P, Lindley R, Wang JJ. Eye care service utilization in older people seeking aged care. Clinical & experimental ophthalmology 2006. link 68 Lux S, Thimm M, Marshall JC, Fink GR. Directed and divided attention during hierarchical processing in patients with visuo-spatial neglect and matched healthy volunteers. Neuropsychologia 2006. link 69 Watkinson S, Graham S. Visual impairment in children. Nursing standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain) : 1987) 2005. link 70 . Visual impairment and use of eye-care services and protective eyewear among children--United States, 2002. MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report 2005. link 71 Barry RJ, Murray PI. Unregistered visual impairment: is registration a failing system?. The British journal of ophthalmology 2005. link 72 . Tactile signage leads the way. Health estate 2004. link 73 Almog Y, Shiftan A. Plotting visual fields using contralateral fixation: a novel honeycomb device. Archives of ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960) 2004. link 74 Prusky GT, Alam NM, Beekman S, Douglas RM. Rapid quantification of adult and developing mouse spatial vision using a virtual optomotor system. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 2004. link 75 Fournier JH, Velis E. Visual loss after shoulder surgery under general anesthesia diagnosed as caused by ocular compression with electroretinography testing: case report and review of the literature. International surgery 2004. link 76 Eperjesi F, Wolffsohn J, Bowden J, Napper G, Rubinstein M. Normative contrast sensitivity values for the back-lit Melbourne Edge Test and the effect of visual impairment. Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) 2004. link 77 Dan NG. Visual dysfunction in artists. Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia 2003. link00334-x) 78 Tsuda M, Kusakabe T, Iwamoto H, Horie T, Nakashima Y, Nakagawa M et al.. Origin of the vertebrate visual cycle: II. Visual cycle proteins are localized in whole brain including photoreceptor cells of a primitive chordate. Vision research 2003. link 79 Culham LE, Ryan B, Jackson AJ, Hill AR, Jones B, Miles C et al.. Low vision services for vision rehabilitation in the United Kingdom. The British journal of ophthalmology 2002. link 80 Williams EL. Postoperative blindness. 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Original source

[1]
Bibliometric mapping of the contribution of African optometry researchers to ophthalmic literature. — Owusu P, Amoako PT, Asiamah R, Owusu G, Sa-Ambo JM, Agyiri PE et al. Clinical & experimental optometry (2026)
[2]
Visual Impairment and Risk of All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality: Results From Two Prospective Cohort Studies. — Dong XX, Kai JY, Li DL, Lanca C, Grzybowski A, Ke C et al. American journal of ophthalmology (2026)
[3]
Can provision of near vision glasses as an early intervention improve visual outcomes in infants at risk of perinatal brain insult? The Babies in Glasses (BiG) randomised feasibility trial. — Bullaj R, Dyet L, Mitra S, Bunce C, Clarke CS, Saunders K et al. BMJ open (2026)
[4]
Hopeful progress in artificial vision. — Shah AM Artificial organs (2025)
[5]
Assessment of pediatric eye care services in health facilities in the Ashanti region of Ghana. — Akpakli EM, Munsamy AJ, Rampersad N African journal of primary health care & family medicine (2025)
[6]
Accessibility of Canadian ophthalmology department webpages for the visually impaired. — Bondok MS, Bondok MS, Selvakumar R, Ahuja N, Ing E Canadian journal of ophthalmology. Journal canadien d'ophtalmologie (2025)
[7]
Anton, Balint, Charles Bonnet, and the Others: The ABC of Cerebral Visual Syndromes (A Historical Guide and an Update). — Kertesz A The Canadian journal of neurological sciences. Le journal canadien des sciences neurologiques (2024)
[8]
Vision-Specific Tools for the Assessment of Health-Related Quality of Life (HR-QoL) in Children and Adolescents with Visual Impairment: A Scoping Review. — Magakwe TSS, Hansraj R, Xulu-Kasaba ZN International journal of environmental research and public health (2024)
[9]
A history of visual acuity testing and optotypes. — de Jong PTVM Eye (London, England) (2024)
[10]
Assessing Eye Clinic Accessibility: A Study Validating and Applying the SiteWise Survey. — Dossantos J, Riddering AT, Ndjonko LCM, Choudhry HS, Gasquet N, Kong X et al. Translational vision science & technology (2024)
[11]
An Automated Visual Psychophysics Method to Measure Visual Function in Swine Preclinical Animal Model. — Barone F, Bunea I, Creel K, Sharma R, Amaral J, Maminishkis A et al. Translational vision science & technology (2024)
[12]
Compliance with web content accessibility guidelines in ophthalmology social media posts. — Sharma M, Huertas L, Shah S, Gil A, Bitrian E, Chang TC Scientific reports (2024)
[13]
Accuracy and reliability of self-administered visual acuity tests: Systematic review of pragmatic trials. — Thirunavukarasu AJ, Hassan R, Limonard A, Savant SV PloS one (2023)
[14]
Apple Vision Pro for Ophthalmology and Medicine. — Masalkhi M, Waisberg E, Ong J, Zaman N, Sarker P, Lee AG et al. Annals of biomedical engineering (2023)
[15]
United States Population Disparities in Ophthalmic Care: Blindness and Visual Impairment in the IRIS® Registry (Intelligent Research in Sight). — Brant A, Kolomeyer N, Goldberg JL, Haller J, Lee CS, Lee AY et al. Ophthalmology (2023)
[16]
Smartphone-based computer vision travelling aids for blind and visually impaired individuals: A systematic review. — Budrionis A, Plikynas D, Daniušis P, Indrulionis A Assistive technology : the official journal of RESNA (2022)
[17]
Predictors of parental satisfaction with the pediatric ophthalmology care in a Brazilian hospital. — de Araújo BMF, Venâncio TS, Freire LA, Negrão JVRT, Kasahara N Health & social care in the community (2022)
[18]
Age norms for grating acuity and contrast sensitivity in children using eye tracking technology. — Esteban-Ibañez E, Pérez-Roche T, Prieto E, Castillo O, Fanlo-Zarazaga A, Alejandre A et al. International ophthalmology (2022)
[19]
A systemic review of barriers to accessing paediatric eye care services in African countries. — Alrasheed SH African health sciences (2021)
[20]
Quality of Life and Participation of Children With Visual Impairment: Comparison With Population Reference Scores. — Elsman EBM, Koel M, van Nispen RMA, van Rens GHMB Investigative ophthalmology & visual science (2021)
[21]
Differences in Visuospatial Expertise between Skeet Shooting Athletes and Non-Athletes. — Nascimento H, Alvarez-Peregrina C, Martinez-Perez C, Sánchez-Tena MÁ International journal of environmental research and public health (2021)
[22]
Visual Acuity Apps for Rapid Integration in Teleconsultation Services in all Resource Settings: A Review. — Kawamoto K, Stanojcic N, Li JO, Thomas PBM Asia-Pacific journal of ophthalmology (Philadelphia, Pa.) (2021)
[23]
A traffic perimetry test that adheres to the European visual field requirements. — Jørstad ØK, Jonsdottir TE, Zysset S, Rowe F Acta ophthalmologica (2021)
[24]
Teleophthalmology in the post-coronavirus era. — March de Ribot F, March de Ribot A, Ogbuehi K, Large R The New Zealand medical journal (2021)
[25]
Cohort Profile: The — Sasaki M, Miyake M, Fujiwara K, Nanba H, Akiyama M, Yanagi Y et al. Ophthalmic epidemiology (2021)
[26]
Feasibility of using patient-reported outcome measures with visually impaired children/young people attending paediatric ophthalmology clinics. — Robertson AO, Tadić V, Cortina-Borja M, Rahi J Archives of disease in childhood (2021)
[27]
Can auditory cues improve visuo-spatial neglect? Results of two pilot studies. — Schenke N, Franke R, Puschmann S, Turgut N, Kastrup A, Thiel CM et al. Neuropsychological rehabilitation (2021)
[28]
Fifty Years Exploring the Visual System. — Pokorny J, Smith VC Annual review of vision science (2020)
[29]
Implementation of a Novel Near Visual Acuity Chart in an Emergency Department Setting. — Wu JF, Visotcky A, Szabo A, Eyler S, Siegmann P, Griepentrog GJ et al. Journal for healthcare quality : official publication of the National Association for Healthcare Quality (2020)
[30]
Prenatal or Perinatal Injury? Diagnosing the Cortically Blind Infant. — Ho ML, Mansukhani SA, Brodsky MC American journal of ophthalmology (2020)
[31]
Applications of Manganese-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Ophthalmology and Visual Neuroscience. — Deng W, Faiq MA, Liu C, Adi V, Chan KC Frontiers in neural circuits (2019)
[32]
Organization of area hV5/MT+ in subjects with homonymous visual field defects. — Papanikolaou A, Keliris GA, Papageorgiou TD, Schiefer U, Logothetis NK, Smirnakis SM NeuroImage (2019)
[33]
The potential role of relatives in designing person-centred assistive technologies (innovative practice). — Coetzer R Dementia (London, England) (2019)
[34]
Strengthening primary eye care in South Africa: An assessment of services and prospective evaluation of a health systems support package. — Lilian RR, Railton J, Schaftenaar E, Mabitsi M, Grobbelaar CJ, Khosa NS et al. PloS one (2018)
[35]
A pilot study regarding basic knowledge of "cortical visual impairment in children" among ophthalmologists. — Maitreya A, Rawat D, Pandey S Indian journal of ophthalmology (2018)
[36]
Regional differences in vision health: findings from Mwanza, Tanzania. — Aggarwal S, Ju D, Allen AM, Rose LA, Gill KP, Shen SA et al. International health (2018)
[37]
Strain out a gnat and swallow a camel? - vision and driving in the Nordic countries. — Bro T, Lindblom B Acta ophthalmologica (2018)
[38]
Transition from paediatric to adult ophthalmology services: what matters most to young people with visual impairment. — Robertson AO, Tadić V, Rahi JS Eye (London, England) (2018)
[39]
Vision in high-level football officials. — Baptista AMG, Serra PM, McAlinden C, Barrett BT PloS one (2017)
[40]
The history of optic chiasm from antiquity to the twentieth century. — Costea CF, Turliuc Ş, Buzdugă C, Cucu AI, Dumitrescu GF, Sava A et al. Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery (2017)
[41]
One size doesn't fit all: time to revisit patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in paediatric ophthalmology? — Tadić V, Rahi JS Eye (London, England) (2017)
[42]
The changing shape of the ISCEV standard pattern onset VEP. — Thompson DA, Fritsch DM, Hardy SE Documenta ophthalmologica. Advances in ophthalmology (2017)
[43]
Shape of magnifiers affects controllability in children with visual impairment. — Liebrand-Schurink J, Boonstra FN, van Rens GH, Cillessen AH, Meulenbroek RG, Cox RF Acta ophthalmologica (2016)
[44]
Designing Media for Visually-Impaired Users of Refreshable Touch Displays: Possibilities and Pitfalls. — O'Modhrain S, Giudice NA, Gardner JA, Legge GE IEEE transactions on haptics (2015)
[45]
Acute neurological visual loss in young adults: causes, diagnosis and management. — Sawaya R, El Ayoubi N, Hamam R Postgraduate medical journal (2015)
[46]
The accuracy of the Edinburgh visual loss diagnostic algorithm. — Goudie C, Khan A, Lowe C, Wright M Eye (London, England) (2015)
[47]
Neural correlates of visual motion processing without awareness in patients with striate cortex and pulvinar lesions. — Barleben M, Stoppel CM, Kaufmann J, Merkel C, Wecke T, Goertler M et al. Human brain mapping (2015)
[48]
I am blind, but I "see" fear. — Bertini C, Cecere R, Làdavas E Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior (2013)
[49]
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