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Cardiology690 papers

Brugada syndrome

Last edited: 4/23/2026

Overview

Brugada syndrome is an inherited arrhythmogenic disorder characterized by a distinctive electrocardiogram (ECG) pattern, including ST-segment elevation in right precordial leads, and an increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias, particularly ventricular fibrillation leading to sudden cardiac death 1 3 49.

Diagnosis

Key ECG Criteria: Type 1 ECG pattern (coved ST-segment elevation ≥2 mm with J-point elevation ≥0.2 mV in leads V1-V3) 1 14 44.

Sodium Channel Blockade: Procainamide challenge can aid diagnosis but must be performed safely 6.

Additional Tests: Consider higher intercostal space ECGs for more accurate diagnosis 14.

Genetic Testing: Identification of SCN5A variants supports diagnosis 3 22.

Risk Stratification: Use of multiparametric scores and electrophysiological studies for risk assessment 21 42.

Management

Primary Prevention: Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) for high-risk patients 7 33 44.

Catheter Ablation: Epicardial ablation shown effective in reducing arrhythmic events 7 56.

Medications: Avoid sodium channel blockers; consider hydroquinidine for risk reduction 12.

Lifestyle Modifications: Avoid fever triggers and certain anesthetics 44 66.

Continuous Monitoring: Implantable loop recorders for asymptomatic patients with uncertain risk 19.

Special Populations

Pediatrics: Early diagnosis and monitoring crucial; clinical presentation can vary 35 62.

Elderly: Risk stratification remains challenging; arrhythmias may shift from VF to AF 5.

Comorbidities: Consider impact on arrhythmia risk and management strategies 64.

Key Recommendations

ICD Implantation for High-Risk Patients: Implant ICDs in patients with high arrhythmic risk, including history of syncope or VF 7 44 (Evidence: Strong).

Epicardial Ablation for Refractory Cases: Consider epicardial ablation in patients with recurrent arrhythmic events despite optimal medical therapy 7 (Evidence: Moderate).

Genetic Testing for Diagnosis and Risk Stratification: Utilize genetic testing to confirm diagnosis and assess risk in family members 3 22 (Evidence: Moderate).

Avoid Sodium Channel Blockers: Refrain from prescribing sodium channel blockers due to potential proarrhythmic effects 6 (Evidence: Expert opinion).

Continuous ECG Monitoring in Asymptomatic High-Risk Patients: Use implantable loop recorders for continuous monitoring in asymptomatic patients with uncertain risk 19 (Evidence: Moderate).

References

Showing 100 most recent of 319 indexed papers.

1 Surget E, Clerici G, Sacher F, Martins R, Maury P, Denjoy I et al.. Clinical profile and prognosis of brugada syndrome SCN5A variant carriers with negative sodium channel blocker challenge. Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology 2026. link 2 Barbosa LM, Mazetto R, Defante MLR, Antunes VLJ, Oliveira VMR, Cavalcante D et al.. A systematic review and meta-analysis of artificial intelligence ECGs performance in the diagnosis of Brugada Syndrome. Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology : an international journal of arrhythmias and pacing 2026. link 3 Shojaat S, Hale B, Warner T. Brugada Syndrome: New Implications for Heterozygous Carriers of the Pathogenic SCN5A c.689T>C(p.Ile230Thr) Variant. American journal of medical genetics. Part A 2026. link 4 Barbosa LM, Oliveira VMR, Consoli LN, Pisani C, Darrieux F, Brugada J et al.. Time to Benefit of Epicardial Ablation in Malignant Forms of Brugada Syndrome: A Reconstructed Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis. Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology 2026. link 5 Minami-Takano A, Sumiyoshi M, Tabuchi H, Isoda K. Inappropriate ICD shock occurred 34 years after the last syncope in a symptomatic Brugada patient: does arrhythmia risk shift from VF to AF with age in Brugada syndrome?. BMJ case reports 2026. link 6 Moore BM, Chan D, Davies B, Laksman ZWM, Roberts JD, Sanatani S et al.. Safety, Utility, and Outcomes of Procainamide Challenge for the Diagnosis and Exclusion of Brugada Syndrome. Circulation 2026. link 7 Pappone C, Ciconte G, Vicedomini G, Micaglio E, Boccellino A, Negro G et al.. Epicardial ablation in high-risk Brugada syndrome to prevent ventricular fibrillation: results from a randomized clinical trial. Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology 2025. link 8 Scarà A, Sciarra L, Russo AD, Cavarretta E, Palamà Z, Zorzi A et al.. Brugada Syndrome in Sports Cardiology: An Expert Opinion Statement of the Italian Society of Sports Cardiology (SICSport). The American journal of cardiology 2025. link 9 Kamakura T, Takagi M, Komatsu Y, Shinohara T, Aizawa Y, Sekiguchi Y et al.. Validation of novel risk prediction models in patients with Brugada syndrome: A multicenter study in Japan. Heart rhythm 2025. link 10 Laporte PL, Vaglio M, Denjoy I, Maison-Blanche P, Coquard C, El Bèze N et al.. Automatized quantitative electrocardiography from digitized paper electrocardiograms: A new avenue for risk stratification in patients with Brugada syndrome. Archives of cardiovascular diseases 2025. link 11 Jinzai H, Kato K, Sawayama Y, Makiyama T, Kurosawa R, Kida R et al.. Characterization of a Splice-Altering Variant in SCN5A Associated With Brugada Syndrome　- Insights Into Splice Error Correction. Circulation journal : official journal of the Japanese Circulation Society 2025. link 12 Isbister JC, Strocchi M, Riedy M, Yeates L, Gray B, Singer ES et al.. Noninvasive assessment of hydroquinidine effect in Brugada syndrome (QUIET BrS). Heart rhythm 2025. link 13 Miná CPC, Lima NA, de Andrade AT, Pérez-Riera AR, Rocha EA. Electrocardiographic Characteristics of Brugada Syndrome Type I During Exercise Stress Test. Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology 2025. link 14 Tseng H, Kuo MY, Chu CC, Lai CL, Huang CC, Yan HN et al.. Validation and clinical implications of higher intercostal space electrocardiography in the patient with Brugada syndrome in Taiwan (SADS-TW BrS registry). Journal of the Formosan Medical Association = Taiwan yi zhi 2025. link 15 Torngren K, Savelev A, Ljungström E, Platonov PG. Case presentation of acute ischemia induced ST-depression masking Brugada syndrome ECG pattern in a relatively young patient. Journal of electrocardiology 2025. link 16 Rattanawong P, Mead-Harvey C, Fatunde OA, Van Der Walt C, Ko NK, Hooke P et al.. Prevalence and Incidence of Type 1 Brugada Pattern: A 30-Year Experience at Mayo Clinic. Mayo Clinic proceedings 2025. link 17 Walsh R, Mauleekoonphairoj J, Mengarelli I, Bosada FM, Verkerk AO, van Duijvenboden K et al.. A Rare Noncoding Enhancer Variant in . Circulation 2025. link 18 Okada JI, Washio T, Hisada T, Sugiura S. Low Expression Levels of Sodium Channels in the Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Underly the Genesis of the Characteristic Electrocardiogram Waveform in Brugada Syndrome. Circulation journal : official journal of the Japanese Circulation Society 2025. link 19 Calvelli P, Cerrato N, Giustetto C, Saglietto A, Anselmino M, Curcio A. Which Brugada patient deserves continuous ECG monitoring through implantable loop recorder? An evidence update. Journal of cardiovascular medicine (Hagerstown, Md.) 2025. link 20 Fernandez Gil MJ, Carrillo Mora LM, Fernandez Vazquez D, Melgarejo F, Santos Mateo JJ, Muñoz Esparza C et al.. Impact of physical activity on presentation and prognosis of Brugada syndrome. Open heart 2025. link 21 Brito J, Cortez-Dias N, da Silva GL, Ferreira AN, Ricardo IA, Cunha N et al.. Association between the number of altered late potential criteria and increased arrhythmic risk in Brugada syndrome patients. Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology : an international journal of arrhythmias and pacing 2024. link 22 Chiang DY, Verkerk AO, Victorio R, Shneyer BI, van der Vaart B, Jouni M et al.. The Role of . Circulation research 2024. link 23 Eckardt L, Veltmann C. More than 30 years of Brugada syndrome: a critical appraisal of achievements and open issues. Herzschrittmachertherapie & Elektrophysiologie 2024. link 24 Martínez-Moreno R, Carreras D, Sarquella-Brugada G, Pérez GJ, Selga E, Scornik FS et al.. Loss of sodium current caused by a Brugada syndrome-associated variant is determined by patient-specific genetic background. Heart rhythm 2024. link 25 Cutler MJ, Eckhardt LL, Kaufman ES, Arbelo E, Behr ER, Brugada P et al.. Clinical Management of Brugada Syndrome: Commentary From the Experts. Circulation. Arrhythmia and electrophysiology 2024. link 26 Semino F, Darche FF, Bruehl C, Koenen M, Skladny H, Katus HA et al.. GPD1L-A306del modifies sodium current in a family carrying the dysfunctional SCN5A-G1661R mutation associated with Brugada syndrome. Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology 2024. link 27 Baena-Palomino C, Castellano-Martínez A, Rodríguez-González M. The relevance of electrocardiogram filtering in the differential diagnosis of Brugada syndrome: An illustrative case report. Cardiology in the young 2024. link 28 Bazoukis G, Letsas KP, Liu T, Tse G, Alsheikh-Ali A. Association of Late Potentials With Fatal Arrhythmic Events in Patients With Brugada Syndrome-A Meta-analysis. Cardiology in review 2024. link 29 Bianconi K, Zielinski W, Fischer S, Ferlazzo J, Steenberg M, Ariyaprakai N. Brugada Syndrome as an Underlying Diagnosis for a Prehospital Seizure Dispatch. Prehospital emergency care 2024. link 30 Umapathi KK, Godsey V, Chang HT, Kohli U. Brugada syndrome in infants (<12 months): A case report and literature review. Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE 2024. link 31 Kotake Y, Barua S, Kazi S, Virk S, Bhaskaran A, Campbell T et al.. Efficacy and safety of catheter ablation for Brugada syndrome: an updated systematic review. Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society 2023. link 32 Lee S, Chung CT, Chou OHI, Lee TTL, Radford D, Jeevaratnam K et al.. Attendance-related Healthcare Resource Utilisation and Costs in Patients With Brugada Syndrome in Hong Kong: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Current problems in cardiology 2023. link 33 Russo V, Caturano A, Guerra F, Migliore F, Mascia G, Rossi A et al.. Subcutaneous versus transvenous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator among drug-induced type-1 ECG pattern Brugada syndrome: a propensity score matching analysis from IBRYD study. Heart and vessels 2023. link 34 Dendramis G, Brugada P. Lights and shadows of subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator in Brugada syndrome. Heart rhythm 2023. link 35 Fernandes SIL, Carvalho MHA, Santos ICT, Palma AFM, Faim DRO, Dias JMO et al.. Characterisation and long-term follow-up of children with Brugada syndrome: experience from a tertiary paediatric referral centre. Cardiology in the young 2023. link 36 Nakamura T, Aiba T, Shimizu W, Furukawa T, Sasano T. Prediction of the Presence of Ventricular Fibrillation From a Brugada Electrocardiogram Using Artificial Intelligence. Circulation journal : official journal of the Japanese Circulation Society 2023. link 37 de Andrade AT, Barbosa-Barros R, Nikus K, Raimundo RD, de Abreu LC, Sacilotto L et al.. Transient ascending ST-segment depression and widening of the S wave in 3-channel Holter monitoring-A sign of dromotropic disturbance in the right ventricular outflow tract in the Brugada syndrome: A report of five cases. Annals of noninvasive electrocardiology : the official journal of the International Society for Holter and Noninvasive Electrocardiology, Inc 2022. link 38 Haïssaguerre M, Nademanee K, Sacher F, Cheniti G, Hocini M, Surget E et al.. Multisite conduction block in the epicardial substrate of Brugada syndrome. Heart rhythm 2022. link 39 Pannone L, Monaco C, Sorgente A, Vergara P, Calburean PA, Gauthey A et al.. High-density epicardial mapping in Brugada syndrome: Depolarization and repolarization abnormalities. Heart rhythm 2022. link 40 Nademanee K, Veerakul G, Nogami A, Lou Q, Hocini M, Coronel R et al.. Mechanism of the effects of sodium channel blockade on the arrhythmogenic substrate of Brugada syndrome. Heart rhythm 2022. link 41 Olaya-Sanchez A, Sarmiento-Ruiz P, Villamizar-Quintero AJ, Tejeda-Camargo MJ, Gil E, Brugada J. Ablation in Brugada Syndrome: A Review of Two Cases. Current problems in cardiology 2022. link 42 Rodríguez-Mañero M, Baluja A, Hernández J, Muñoz C, Calvo D, Fernández-Armenta J et al.. Validation of multiparametric approaches for the prediction of sudden cardiac death in patients with Brugada syndrome and electrophysiological study. Revista espanola de cardiologia (English ed.) 2022. link 43 Marsman EMJ, Postema PG, Remme CA. Brugada syndrome: update and future perspectives. Heart (British Cardiac Society) 2022. link 44 Loiudice P, Monitillo F, Nardi M, Iacoviello M, Casini G. Local peribulbar anesthesia before glaucoma filtering surgery in a patient with Brugada syndrome. European journal of ophthalmology 2021. link 45 Honarbakhsh S, Providencia R, Garcia-Hernandez J, Martin CA, Hunter RJ, Lim WY et al.. A Primary Prevention Clinical Risk Score Model for Patients With Brugada Syndrome (BRUGADA-RISK). JACC. Clinical electrophysiology 2021. link 46 Galli A, Rizzo A, Monaco C, Salghetti F, Scala O, Chierchia GB et al.. Electrocardiographic imaging of the arrhythmogenic substrate of Brugada syndrome: Current evidence and future perspectives. Trends in cardiovascular medicine 2021. link 47 Rodríguez-Mañero M, Jordá P, Hernandez J, Muñoz C, Grima EZ, García-Fernández A et al.. Long-term prognosis of women with Brugada syndrome and electrophysiological study. Heart rhythm 2021. link 48 Shinohara T, Takagi M, Kamakura T, Sekiguchi Y, Yokoyama Y, Aihara N et al.. Risk stratification in asymptomatic patients with Brugada syndrome: Utility of multiple risk factor combination rather than programmed electrical stimulation. Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology 2021. link 49 Coppola G, Corrado E, Curnis A, Maglia G, Oriente D, Mignano A et al.. Update on Brugada Syndrome 2019. Current problems in cardiology 2021. link 50 Ishizue N, Niwano S, Fukaya H, Oikawa J, Kishihara J, Ako J. Day-to-Day Variation of Early Repolarization Pattern Predicts Life-Threatening Arrhythmias in Patients With Brugada Syndrome. Circulation journal : official journal of the Japanese Circulation Society 2021. link 51 Crea P, Rivetti L, Bitto R, Nicotera A, Zappia L, Caracciolo A et al.. Diagnosis of type 2 Brugada pattern: insights from a pilot survey. Minerva cardiology and angiology 2021. link 52 Isbister JC, Krahn AD, Semsarian C, Sy RW. Brugada Syndrome: Clinical Care Amidst Pathophysiological Uncertainty. Heart, lung & circulation 2020. link 53 Roterberg G, El-Battrawy I, Veith M, Liebe V, Ansari U, Lang S et al.. Arrhythmic events in Brugada syndrome patients induced by fever. Annals of noninvasive electrocardiology : the official journal of the International Society for Holter and Noninvasive Electrocardiology, Inc 2020. link 54 Arnaud M, Berthome P, Tixier R, Briand J, Geoffroy O, Le Guillou X et al.. Number of electrocardiogram leads in the diagnosis of spontaneous Brugada syndrome. Archives of cardiovascular diseases 2020. link 55 Rodriguez-Reyes H, Pérez-Riera A, López BL, Salinas MDR, Muñoz LMM, Laguna CI et al.. Repetitive syncopal episodes in a child with documented ventricular tachycardia, early repolarization pattern in leads I an aVL, Brugada syndrome, and fever. Annals of noninvasive electrocardiology : the official journal of the International Society for Holter and Noninvasive Electrocardiology, Inc 2020. link 56 Haanschoten DM, Elvan A, Postema PG, Smit JJJ, Adiyaman A, Ter Bekke RMA et al.. Catheter ablation in highly symptomatic Brugada patients: a Dutch case series. Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society 2020. link 57 Minier M, Probst V, Berthome P, Tixier R, Briand J, Geoffroy O et al.. Age at diagnosis of Brugada syndrome: Influence on clinical characteristics and risk of arrhythmia. Heart rhythm 2020. link 58 Pappone C, Mecarocci V, Manguso F, Ciconte G, Vicedomini G, Sturla F et al.. New electromechanical substrate abnormalities in high-risk patients with Brugada syndrome. Heart rhythm 2020. link 59 Scheirlynck E, Van Malderen S, Motoc A, Lie ØH, de Asmundis C, Sieira J et al.. Contraction alterations in Brugada syndrome; association with life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias. International journal of cardiology 2020. link 60 Hernandez-Ojeda J, Arbelo E, Jorda P, Borras R, Campuzano O, Sarquella-Brugada G et al.. The role of clinical assessment and electrophysiology study in Brugada syndrome patients with syncope. American heart journal 2020. link 61 Giustetto C, Nangeroni G, Cerrato N, Rudic B, Tülümen E, Gribaudo E et al.. Ventricular conduction delay as marker of risk in Brugada Syndrome. Results from the analysis of clinical and electrocardiographic features of a large cohort of patients. International journal of cardiology 2020. link 62 El-Battrawy I, Roterberg G, Schlentrich K, Liebe V, Lang S, Rudic B et al.. Clinical Profile and Long-Term Follow-Up of Children with Brugada Syndrome. Pediatric cardiology 2020. link 63 Tse G, Lee S, Gong M, Mililis P, Asvestas D, Bazoukis G et al.. Restitution metrics in Brugada syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology : an international journal of arrhythmias and pacing 2020. link 64 Ward RA, Ajayi T, Aylward T, Byrns J, Summers BB, Wilder J. Multi-disciplinary approach to perioperative risk assessment and post-transplant management for liver transplantation in a patient at risk for Brugada syndrome. Journal of perioperative practice 2019. link 65 Salghetti F, de Asmundis C, Sieira J, Coutiño HE, Abugattas JP, Varnavas V et al.. Hybrid thoracoscopic epicardial ablation of right ventricular outflow tract in patients with Brugada syndrome. Heart rhythm 2019. link 66 Espinosa Á, Ripollés-Melchor J, Brugada R, Campuzano Ó, Sarquella-Brugada G, Abad-Motos A et al.. Brugada Syndrome: anesthetic considerations and management algorithm. Minerva anestesiologica 2019. link 67 Calvo M, Le Rolle V, Romero D, Béhar N, Gomis P, Mabo P et al.. Recursive model identification for the analysis of the autonomic response to exercise testing in Brugada syndrome. Artificial intelligence in medicine 2019. link 68 Robinson D, Hand G, Ausman J, Hackett A. Brugada pattern exposed with administration of amiodarone during emergent treatment of ventricular tachycardia. The American journal of emergency medicine 2019. link 69 Berthome P, Tixier R, Briand J, Geoffroy O, Babuty D, Mansourati J et al.. Clinical presentation and follow-up of women affected by Brugada syndrome. Heart rhythm 2019. link 70 Janin A, Bessière F, Georgescu T, Chanavat V, Chevalier P, Millat G. TRPM4 mutations to cause autosomal recessive and not autosomal dominant Brugada type 1 syndrome. European journal of medical genetics 2019. link 71 Crea P, Picciolo G, Luzza F, Oreto G. A three-dimensional computed model of ST segment abnormality in type 1 Brugada Pattern: A key role of right ventricular outflow tract orientation?. Journal of electrocardiology 2019. link 72 Yeates L, Ingles J, Gray B, Singarayar S, Sy RW, Semsarian C et al.. A balanced translocation disrupting SCN5A in a family with Brugada syndrome and sudden cardiac death. Heart rhythm 2019. link 73 Castro Hevia J, Dorantes Sanchez M, Martinez Lopez F, Castañeda Chirino O, Falcon Rodriguez R, Puga Bravo M et al.. Multiple serial ECGs aid with the diagnosis and prognosis of Brugada syndrome. International journal of cardiology 2019. link 74 Dereci A, Yap SC, Schinkel AFL. Meta-Analysis of Clinical Outcome After Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Implantation in Patients With Brugada Syndrome. JACC. Clinical electrophysiology 2019. link 75 Bernardo MH, Tiyyagura SR. A Case of Type I and II Brugada Phenocopy Unmasked in a Patient with Normal Baseline Electrocardiogram (ECG). The American journal of case reports 2018. link 76 Kwon HM, Kim SH, Park SU, Rhim JH, Park HS, Kim WJ et al.. Propofol for implantable cardioverter defibrillator implantation in patients with Brugada syndrome. Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE 2018. link 77 Pfirman KS, White CA, Kelil A, Modi HC. Brugada Syndrome Manifesting Only During Fever in Patient with Septic Shock Secondary to Post-Obstructive Pneumonia. The American journal of case reports 2018. link 78 Rattanawong P, Riangwiwat T, Prasitlumkum N, Limpruttidham N, Kanjanahattakij N, Chongsathidkiet P et al.. Baseline fragmented QRS increases the risk of major arrhythmic events in Brugada syndrome: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Annals of noninvasive electrocardiology : the official journal of the International Society for Holter and Noninvasive Electrocardiology, Inc 2018. link 79 Viswanathan S, Aghoram R. Brugada syndrome in patients with acute febrile illness. Indian heart journal 2018. link 80 Pérez-Riera AR, Barbosa Barros R, Daminello-Raimundo R, Resende Barbosa MPC, de Abreu LC. Brugada phenocopy caused by a compressive mediastinal tumor. Annals of noninvasive electrocardiology : the official journal of the International Society for Holter and Noninvasive Electrocardiology, Inc 2018. link 81 Shi S, Barajas-Martinez H, Liu T, Sun Y, Yang B, Huang C et al.. Prevalence of spontaneous Brugada ECG pattern recorded at standard intercostal leads: A meta-analysis. International journal of cardiology 2018. link 82 Shelke A, Tachil A, Saggu D, Jesuraj ML, Yalagudri S, Narasimhan C. Catheter ablation for electrical storm in Brugada syndrome: Results of substrate based ablation. Indian heart journal 2018. link 83 Dhamapurkar SK, Wilson BA, Rose A, Florschutz G. Brugada syndrome and the story of Dave. Neuropsychological rehabilitation 2018. link 84 Delise P, Allocca G, Sitta N, Migliore F, Dagradi F, Spazzolini C et al.. Cardiac arrest and Brugada syndrome: Is drug-induced type 1 ECG pattern always a marker of low risk?. International journal of cardiology 2018. link 85 Mascia G, Arbelo E, Hernandez-Ojeda J, Solimene F, Brugada R, Brugada J. Brugada Syndrome and Exercise Practice: Current Knowledge, Shortcomings and Open Questions. International journal of sports medicine 2017. link 86 Duque M, Santos L, Ribeiro S, Catré D. Anesthesia and Brugada syndrome: a 12-year case series. Journal of clinical anesthesia 2017. link 87 Patocskai B, Yoon N, Antzelevitch C. Mechanisms Underlying Epicardial Radiofrequency Ablation to Suppress Arrhythmogenesis in Experimental Models of Brugada Syndrome. JACC. Clinical electrophysiology 2017. link 88 Tessitore E, Ramlawi M, Tobler O, Sunthorn H. Brugada Pattern Caused by a Flecainide Overdose. The Journal of emergency medicine 2017. link 89 Kitamura T, Fukamizu S, Kawamura I, Hojo R, Aoyama Y, Nishizaki M et al.. Clinical Characteristics and Long-Term Prognosis of Senior Patients With Brugada Syndrome. JACC. Clinical electrophysiology 2017. link 90 Ghouse J, Have CT, Skov MW, Andreasen L, Ahlberg G, Nielsen JB et al.. Numerous Brugada syndrome-associated genetic variants have no effect on J-point elevation, syncope susceptibility, malignant cardiac arrhythmia, and all-cause mortality. Genetics in medicine : official journal of the American College of Medical Genetics 2017. link 91 Sakamoto S, Takagi M, Kakihara J, Hayashi Y, Doi A, Sugioka K et al.. The utility of T-wave alternans during the morning in the summer for the risk stratification of patients with Brugada syndrome. Heart and vessels 2017. link 92 Healey T, Buckley C, Mollman M. Motor Vehicle Collision Secondary to Ventricular Dysrhythmia: A Case Report of Brugada Syndrome. The Journal of emergency medicine 2017. link 93 Brugada P. Brugada syndrome: More than 20 years of scientific excitement. Journal of cardiology 2016. link 94 Daidoji H, Arimoto T, Iwayama T, Ishigaki D, Hashimoto N, Kumagai Y et al.. Circulating heart-type fatty acid-binding protein levels predict ventricular fibrillation in Brugada syndrome. Journal of cardiology 2016. link 95 Tan BY, Yong RY, Barajas-Martinez H, Dumaine R, Chew YX, Wasan PS et al.. A Brugada syndrome proband with compound heterozygote SCN5A mutations identified from a Chinese family in Singapore. Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology 2016. link 96 Gottschalk BH, Garcia-Niebla J, Anselm DD, Jaidka A, De Luna AB, Baranchuk A. New methodologies for measuring Brugada ECG patterns cannot differentiate the ECG pattern of Brugada syndrome from Brugada phenocopy. Journal of electrocardiology 2016. link 97 Yamasaki H, Tada H, Sekiguchi Y, Aonuma K. Right coronary cusp as a new window of ablation for pilsicainide-induced ventricular premature contractions in a patient with Brugada syndrome. Heart and vessels 2016. link 98 Sakamoto S, Takagi M, Tatsumi H, Doi A, Sugioka K, Hanatani A et al.. Utility of T-wave alternans during night time as a predictor for ventricular fibrillation in patients with Brugada syndrome. Heart and vessels 2016. link 99 Prabhu MA, Agustinus R, Shenthar J. Suicidal Zinc Phosphide Poisoning Unmasking Brugada Syndrome and Triggering Near Fatal Ventricular Arrhythmia. Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE 2016. link 100 Bissay V, Van Malderen SC, Keymolen K, Lissens W, Peeters U, Daneels D et al.. SCN4A variants and Brugada syndrome: phenotypic and genotypic overlap between cardiac and skeletal muscle sodium channelopathies. European journal of human genetics : EJHG 2016. link

Original source

[1]
Clinical profile and prognosis of brugada syndrome SCN5A variant carriers with negative sodium channel blocker challenge. — Surget E, Clerici G, Sacher F, Martins R, Maury P, Denjoy I et al. Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology (2026)
[2]
A systematic review and meta-analysis of artificial intelligence ECGs performance in the diagnosis of Brugada Syndrome. — Barbosa LM, Mazetto R, Defante MLR, Antunes VLJ, Oliveira VMR, Cavalcante D et al. Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology : an international journal of arrhythmias and pacing (2026)
[3]
Brugada Syndrome: New Implications for Heterozygous Carriers of the Pathogenic SCN5A c.689T>C(p.Ile230Thr) Variant. — Shojaat S, Hale B, Warner T American journal of medical genetics. Part A (2026)
[4]
Time to Benefit of Epicardial Ablation in Malignant Forms of Brugada Syndrome: A Reconstructed Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis. — Barbosa LM, Oliveira VMR, Consoli LN, Pisani C, Darrieux F, Brugada J et al. Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology (2026)
[5]
Inappropriate ICD shock occurred 34 years after the last syncope in a symptomatic Brugada patient: does arrhythmia risk shift from VF to AF with age in Brugada syndrome? — Minami-Takano A, Sumiyoshi M, Tabuchi H, Isoda K BMJ case reports (2026)
[6]
Safety, Utility, and Outcomes of Procainamide Challenge for the Diagnosis and Exclusion of Brugada Syndrome. — Moore BM, Chan D, Davies B, Laksman ZWM, Roberts JD, Sanatani S et al. Circulation (2026)
[7]
Epicardial ablation in high-risk Brugada syndrome to prevent ventricular fibrillation: results from a randomized clinical trial. — Pappone C, Ciconte G, Vicedomini G, Micaglio E, Boccellino A, Negro G et al. Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology (2025)
[8]
Brugada Syndrome in Sports Cardiology: An Expert Opinion Statement of the Italian Society of Sports Cardiology (SICSport). — Scarà A, Sciarra L, Russo AD, Cavarretta E, Palamà Z, Zorzi A et al. The American journal of cardiology (2025)
[9]
Validation of novel risk prediction models in patients with Brugada syndrome: A multicenter study in Japan. — Kamakura T, Takagi M, Komatsu Y, Shinohara T, Aizawa Y, Sekiguchi Y et al. Heart rhythm (2025)
[10]
Automatized quantitative electrocardiography from digitized paper electrocardiograms: A new avenue for risk stratification in patients with Brugada syndrome. — Laporte PL, Vaglio M, Denjoy I, Maison-Blanche P, Coquard C, El Bèze N et al. Archives of cardiovascular diseases (2025)
[11]
Characterization of a Splice-Altering Variant in SCN5A Associated With Brugada Syndrome　- Insights Into Splice Error Correction. — Jinzai H, Kato K, Sawayama Y, Makiyama T, Kurosawa R, Kida R et al. Circulation journal : official journal of the Japanese Circulation Society (2025)
[12]
Noninvasive assessment of hydroquinidine effect in Brugada syndrome (QUIET BrS). — Isbister JC, Strocchi M, Riedy M, Yeates L, Gray B, Singer ES et al. Heart rhythm (2025)
[13]
Electrocardiographic Characteristics of Brugada Syndrome Type I During Exercise Stress Test. — Miná CPC, Lima NA, de Andrade AT, Pérez-Riera AR, Rocha EA Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology (2025)
[14]
Validation and clinical implications of higher intercostal space electrocardiography in the patient with Brugada syndrome in Taiwan (SADS-TW BrS registry). — Tseng H, Kuo MY, Chu CC, Lai CL, Huang CC, Yan HN et al. Journal of the Formosan Medical Association = Taiwan yi zhi (2025)
[15]
Case presentation of acute ischemia induced ST-depression masking Brugada syndrome ECG pattern in a relatively young patient. — Torngren K, Savelev A, Ljungström E, Platonov PG Journal of electrocardiology (2025)
[16]
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