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Gastroenterology1957 papers

Portal cirrhosis

Last edited: 23 days ago

Overview

Portal cirrhosis, characterized by advanced liver fibrosis and portal hypertension, leads to multiple complications including ascites, variceal bleeding, hepatic encephalopathy, and increased cardiovascular risks. 1 3 22

Diagnosis

Clinical Features: Presence of ascites, varices, jaundice, and signs of portal hypertension.

Laboratory Tests: Elevated INR, low albumin, and abnormal coagulation profiles.

Imaging: Ultrasound, CT, or MRI to assess liver morphology and portal vein patency.

Hemodynamic Assessment: Portal pressure measurement via endoscopy or invasive techniques.

Liver Function Tests: Elevated AST, ALT, and bilirubin levels.

LSM (Liver Stiffness Measurement): Useful for assessing fibrosis stage and risk of variceal bleeding. 30 70

Management

First-Line Treatments:

- Non-selective Beta-Blockers: Reduce portal hypertension and variceal bleeding risk (e.g., propranolol 60-160 mg TID, nadolol 40-160 mg QD). 18 27 - Lifestyle Modifications: Alcohol abstinence, balanced diet, and management of comorbidities.

Adjunctive Treatments:

- TIPS (Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt): For refractory ascites and variceal bleeding. 17 22 - Antibiotics: Prophylactic use in high-risk patients to prevent spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (e.g., ceftriaxone or norfloxacin). 24 - Albumin: For paracentesis-related circulatory dysfunction (1.5 g/kg IV). 52 - Variceal Ligation/Sclerotherapy: Endoscopic management of acute variceal bleeding. 67 - Terlipressin: Adjunctive therapy in variceal bleeding (0.5-1 mg IV every 6-8 hours). 71

Special Populations

Pregnancy: Management focuses on minimizing teratogenic risks; close monitoring and multidisciplinary care essential. 21

Elderly: Increased risk of complications; individualized treatment plans considering frailty and comorbidities. 28

Comorbidities: Specific considerations for managing ascites, encephalopathy, and cardiovascular risks in patients with concurrent conditions like heart failure or renal impairment. 16 49

Key Recommendations

Use Non-selective Beta-Blockers for Primary Prophylaxis of Variceal Bleeding: Reduce portal hypertension and bleeding risk in cirrhotic patients with varices. (Evidence: Strong 18)

TIPS Placement for Refractory Ascites and Variceal Bleeding: Effective in managing complications refractory to medical therapy. (Evidence: Moderate 17)

Prophylactic Antibiotics for High-Risk Patients: Reduce incidence of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhotic patients with ascites. (Evidence: Moderate 24)

Monitor and Manage Albumin Levels: Use albumin infusions during large-volume paracentesis to prevent circulatory dysfunction. (Evidence: Moderate 52)

Consider LSM for Risk Stratification: Utilize liver stiffness measurement to predict variceal bleeding risk and guide management strategies. (Evidence: Moderate 70)

References

Showing 100 most recent of 1025 indexed papers.

1 Bajaj JS, Jakab SS, Jesudian AB, Rahimi RS, Duarte-Rojo A, Chen PH et al.. ACG Clinical Guideline: Hepatic Encephalopathy. The American journal of gastroenterology 2026. link 2 Grubert Van Iderstine M, Perez S, Jackson GS, Szun T, Stephanson C, Weisshaar M et al.. Early Prediction of Hepatic Decompensation in Cirrhosis Using Optimised XGBoost Models at the Initial Outpatient Hepatology Visit. Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver 2026. link 3 Majumdar A, Holmes J, Roberts SK, Bhat P, Mitchell T, Ramachandran J et al.. The diagnosis and management of portal hypertension in cirrhosis: The Gastroenterological Society of Australia consensus. Hepatology communications 2026. link 4 Cullaro G, Im GY, Chandna S, Lee BT, Simonetto DA, Aby ES et al.. The management of hepatorenal syndrome-acute kidney injury (HRS-AKI): A national survey of hepatology provider practices. Hepatology communications 2026. link 5 Premkumar M, Karvellas CJ, Kulkarni AV, Bhujade H, Reddy KR. Role of point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) in clinical hepatology. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) 2026. link 6 Conroy GM, Yerke JR, Rudoni MA, Kapoor A, Bass SN. Hemodynamic impact of dexmedetomidine in critically ill patients with and without cirrhosis: A retrospective cohort study. Journal of critical care 2026. link 7 Gill M, Abhayaratna C, Brieger D, Huang J, Swift W, Chand S et al.. Cirrhotic Cardiomyopathy Predicts New-onset Heart Failure Within the First Year After Liver Transplantation. Transplantation 2026. link 8 Téllez L, Donate J, Guerrero A, Agulleiro Beraza I, San Martín D, Alvarado E et al.. Early portopulmonary hypertension predicts mortality in patients with cirrhosis: Insights from the PORTO-DETECT cohort. Journal of hepatology 2026. link 9 Gonzalez HC, Gordon SC, Trudeau S, Wu T, Rupp L, Melkonian C et al.. Impact of Disease-Specific Treatment and Non-Selective Beta Blockers on Risk of PVT in Cirrhotic Patients With HCV or PBC. Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver 2026. link 10 Ying X, Oje AO, De Witte AJ, Slaughter JC, Spann AL, Jesudian AB et al.. Severity of liver disease is associated with cirrhotic cardiomyopathy: A multicenter study. Liver transplantation : official publication of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the International Liver Transplantation Society 2026. link 11 Yu A, Li Y, Li J, Deng S. Role of Sigma-1 Receptors in the Paraventricular Nucleus and Myocardium during Cirrhotic Cardiomyopathy in Rats. Molecular neurobiology 2026. link 12 Badar W, Khabbaz RC, Ekowa A, Shalaby S, Baiges A, García-Pagán JC et al.. Systematic Literature Review and Meta-analysis of the Cardiovascular Effects of Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt Creation for Decompensated Liver Cirrhosis. Journal of vascular and interventional radiology : JVIR 2026. link 13 Lv S, Feng H, Xu T, Tian H, Wang H, Li D et al.. Gastrointestinal bleeding risk in cirrhotic portal vein thrombosis: focus on thrombus extension to superior mesenteric vein. BMC gastroenterology 2026. link 14 Gao TM, Xiao KQ, Zhou LX, Su BB, Jin SJ, Zhang C et al.. Comparison of apixaban and warfarin in preventing portal vein system thrombosis after laparoscopic splenectomy for cirrhotic patients with secondary hypersplenism: a randomized controlled trial. Surgical endoscopy 2026. link 15 Su Y, Wang J, Dong Q, Guan H, Ma C. DOACs reduce risk for new-onset portal hypertension in patients with cirrhosis and atrial fibrillation: A retrospective cohort study. Medicine 2026. link 16 Li SH, Zhang L, Li HJ, Li Y, Zheng YM, Wang QQ. Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction Increases the Risk of Medium-term Mortality in Patients with Cirrhotic Ascites. Romanian journal of internal medicine = Revue roumaine de medecine interne 2026. link 17 . EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines on TIPS. Journal of hepatology 2025. link 18 Davis JPE, Lim JK, Francis FF, Ahn J. AGA Clinical Practice Update on Management of Portal Vein Thrombosis in Patients With Cirrhosis: Expert Review. Gastroenterology 2025. link 19 Scarlatescu E, Levy JH, Moore H, Thachil J, Iba T, Roberts LN et al.. Disseminated intravascular coagulation and cirrhotic coagulopathy: overlap and differences. The current state of knowledge. Communication from the SSC of the ISTH. Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH 2025. link 20 Orman ES, Fortune BE, John BV, Asrani SK. AGA Clinical Practice Update on the Management of Ascites, Volume Overload, and Hyponatremia in Cirrhosis: Expert Review. Gastroenterology 2025. link 21 Mahmud N, Fricker ZP, McElroy LM, Qayed E, Wong RJ, Ioannou GN. ACG Clinical Guideline: Perioperative Risk Assessment and Management in Patients With Cirrhosis. The American journal of gastroenterology 2025. link 22 Albillos A, Bañares R, Hernández-Gea V. Portal hypertension: recommendations for diagnosis and treatment. Consensus document sponsored by the Spanish Association for the Study of the Liver (AEEH) and the Biomedical Research Network Centre for Liver and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd). Gastroenterologia y hepatologia 2025. link 23 . EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines on extrahepatic abdominal surgery in patients with cirrhosis and advanced chronic liver disease. Journal of hepatology 2025. link 24 Prosty C, Noutsios D, Dubé LR, Baden R, Davar K, Freling S et al.. Prophylactic Antibiotics for Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Patients With Cirrhosis: A Systematic Review and Bayesian Meta-Analysis. JAMA internal medicine 2025. link 25 Owrangi S, Paik JM, Golabi P, de Avila L, Hashida R, Nader A et al.. Meta-Analysis: Global Prevalence and Mortality of Cirrhosis in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 2025. link 26 Kittiprachakul S, Maung ST, Poorirerngpoom N, Srinawakul A, Numpaisarn M, Tiyarattanachai T et al.. Exercise and nutrition interventions for sarcopenia in cirrhosis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. European journal of clinical nutrition 2025. link 27 Mingpun W, Sobanska A, Nimworapan M, Chayanupatkul M, Dhippayom T, Dilokthornsakul P. Carvedilol and traditional nonselective beta blockers for the secondary prophylaxis of variceal hemorrhage and portal hypertension related complications among patients with decompensated cirrhosis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Hepatology international 2025. link 28 Tang WZ, Zhu SR, Mo ST, Xie YX, Tan ZK, Teng YJ et al.. Predictive Value of Frailty on Outcomes of Patients With Cirrhosis: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JMIR medical informatics 2025. link 29 Shirinezhad A, Eshlaghi FM, Salabat D, Azarboo A, Ardakani ZF, Esmaeili S et al.. Prevalent osteoporosis and fracture risk in patients with hepatic cirrhosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC gastroenterology 2025. link 30 Shenoy A, Valicevic AN, Lin A, Su GL, Saini SD, Kim HM et al.. Delivery of Outpatient Cirrhosis Care Through Tele-Visit Is Not Associated With Increased Mortality as Compared With Traditional In-Person Visits. The American journal of gastroenterology 2025. link 31 Lai M, Chen IY, Lai JC, Ge J. Generative AI in hepatology: Transforming multimodal patient-generated data into actionable insights. Hepatology communications 2025. link 32 DiazGranados D, O'Leary JG, Yamuzala M, Rogal S, Bajaj JS. A National Survey Shows a Dilemma Toward Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis Prophylaxis Among US-Based Hepatology Professionals. Clinical and translational gastroenterology 2025. link 33 Kovařík D, Pohlová Kučerová Š, Zátopková L, Hejna P, Janík M. Elucidating the etiology of idiopathic spontaneous intraperitoneal hemorrhage. Journal of forensic sciences 2025. link 34 Hu Q, Li G, Zhang D, Jiang Y, Nie L, Yang H et al.. Assessment of four-dimensional flow MRI for prediction of varices risk in cirrhotic patients. European radiology 2025. link 35 Barajas J, Delgado C, Lomas R, Arietti N, Barrera P, Ramos O et al.. Hemorrhagic shock due to ileal varices, a diagnostic challenge. Revista espanola de enfermedades digestivas 2025. link 36 Lopes SR, Teixeira M, Gamito É, Alves AL. Ectopic varices - An unusual cause of digestive hemorrhage. Revista espanola de enfermedades digestivas 2025. link 37 Zheng X, Wei W. Ascites complications risk factors of decompensated cirrhosis patients: logistic regression and prediction model. BMC gastroenterology 2025. link 38 Landi I, Alharbil S, Alfehaid A, Aldosari S, Eltayeb A A A, Alruwaili N et al.. Clinical and echocardiographic predictors of outcome in liver transplant patients. Monaldi archives for chest disease = Archivio Monaldi per le malattie del torace 2025. link 39 Radu T, Iacob S, Gheorghe L. Cirrhotic Cardiomyopathy: Mechanisms, Diagnostic Tools and Therapeutic Options. Journal of gastrointestinal and liver diseases : JGLD 2025. link 40 Cheloff AZ, Bonanni LJ, Kirschenbaum JD, Luke N, Engelman JL, Ross JL et al.. Treatment of portal vein thrombosis in cirrhosis is associated with no survival advantage: a retrospective controlled study. Hepatology international 2025. link 41 Kinota N, Abo D, Morita R, Yamasaki K, Fujii T, Kato D et al.. Improvement of Hypoalbuminemia and Hepatic Reserve after Stent Placement for Postsurgical Portal Vein Stenosis. Journal of vascular and interventional radiology : JVIR 2025. link 42 Campello E, Zanetto A, Prokopenko Y, Ilich A, Moonla C, Bulato C et al.. Activation of the Contact System and Intrinsic Pathway in Peripheral and Portal Venous Circulations in Liver Cirrhosis. Thrombosis and haemostasis 2025. link 43 Myers S, Gupta DK, Izzy M. The clinical relevance of the new criteria for cirrhotic cardiomyopathy and future directions. Liver transplantation : official publication of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the International Liver Transplantation Society 2025. link 44 Bansal N, Mahgerefteh J, Lamour JM, Kogan-Liberman D, Ovchinsky M, Ganzburg K et al.. Evaluation of Cardiac Function in Children Undergoing Liver Transplantation. Pediatric cardiology 2025. link 45 Raco J, Bufalini J, Dreer J, Shah V, King L, Wang L et al.. Safety of abdominal paracentesis in hospitalised patients receiving uninterrupted therapeutic or prophylactic anticoagulants. Internal medicine journal 2025. link 46 Koratala A, Ronco C, Kazory A. Hepatocardiorenal Syndrome: Integrating Pathophysiology with Clinical Decision-Making via Point-Of-Care Ultrasound. Cardiorenal medicine 2025. link 47 Obradović F, Vitello DJ, Hasjim BJ, Obayemi J, Polineni P, Gmeiner M et al.. Comparing the cost of cirrhosis to other common chronic diseases: A longitudinal study in a large national insurance database. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) 2025. link 48 Farah R, Jacoby T, Khamisy-Farah R. Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio, C-Reactive Protein, and Mean Platelet Volume in Differentiation of Ascites Causes. The Israel Medical Association journal : IMAJ 2025. link 49 Tomassoni DR, Schildkraut T, Ramachandran V, Cooke JC, Sawhney R. Cardiovascular risk assessment and predictors of cardiac decompensation after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in patients with cirrhosis. World journal of gastroenterology 2025. link 50 Carlin S, Cuker A, Gatt A, Gendron N, Hernández-Gea V, Meijer K et al.. Anticoagulation for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation and treatment of venous thromboembolism and portal vein thrombosis in cirrhosis: guidance from the SSC of the ISTH. Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH 2024. link 51 Aiza-Haddad I, Cisneros-Garza LE, Morales-Gutiérrez O, Malé-Velázquez R, Rizo-Robles MT, Alvarado-Reyes R et al.. Guidelines for the management of coagulation disorders in patients with cirrhosis. Revista de gastroenterologia de Mexico (English) 2024. link 52 Callum J, Skubas NJ, Bathla A, Keshavarz H, Clark EG, Rochwerg B et al.. Use of Intravenous Albumin: A Guideline From the International Collaboration for Transfusion Medicine Guidelines. Chest 2024. link 53 Garcia-Tsao G, Abraldes JG, Rich NE, Wong VW. AGA Clinical Practice Update on the Use of Vasoactive Drugs and Intravenous Albumin in Cirrhosis: Expert Review. Gastroenterology 2024. link 54 Xu X, Ding H, Jia J, Wei L, Duan Z, Tang C et al.. Chinese guidelines on the management of ascites in cirrhosis : Chinese Society of Hepatology, Chinese Medical Association. Hepatology international 2024. link 55 Gratacós-Ginès J, Bruguera P, Pérez-Guasch M, López-Lazcano A, Borràs R, Hernández-Évole H et al.. Medications for alcohol use disorder promote abstinence in alcohol-associated cirrhosis: Results from a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) 2024. link 56 Ouyang L, Lei G, Gong Y. Immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines in patients with cirrhosis: A meta-analysis. Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics 2024. link 57 Grgurević I, Filipec Kanižaj T, Iveković H, Mikolašević I, Milić S, Mrzljak A et al.. CROATIAN GUIDELINES FOR THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF PORTAL HYPERTENSION. Acta clinica Croatica 2024. link 58 Li Y, Guo Y, Wang X, Gao L. Association between sarcopenia and hepatic encephalopathy after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in patients with cirrhosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Abdominal radiology (New York) 2024. link 59 Ge J, Buenaventura A, Berrean B, Purvis J, Fontil V, Lai JC et al.. Applying human-centered design to the construction of a cirrhosis management clinical decision support system. Hepatology communications 2024. link 60 Ghandour B, Tapper EB, Kaplan DE, Serper M, Mahmud N. Preoperative Hepatology and Primary Care Visits Improve Postoperative Outcomes in Patients With Cirrhosis Undergoing Surgery. Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association 2024. link 61 Claus S, Brozat JF, Trautwein C, Koch A. Underfunding of German university-based high-performance medicine exemplified by the treatment of varices in cirrhosis. Zeitschrift fur Evidenz, Fortbildung und Qualitat im Gesundheitswesen 2024. link 62 Bansal AD, Patel AA. Dialysis initiation for patients with decompensated cirrhosis when liver transplant is unlikely. Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension 2024. link 63 Mui BG, Grinspan LT, Crismale JF. Variations in Practice Among Cirrhotic Patients With Portal Vein Thrombosis and Esophageal Varices: A North American Survey Study. The American journal of gastroenterology 2024. link 64 Jiang X, Pan J, Xu Q, Song YH, Sun HH, Peng C et al.. Diagnostic accuracy of magnetically guided capsule endoscopy with a detachable string for detecting oesophagogastric varices in adults with cirrhosis: prospective multicentre study. BMJ (Clinical research ed.) 2024. link 65 Villanueva C, Sapena V, Lo GH, Seo YS, Shah HA, Singh V et al.. Improving primary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding by adapting therapy to the clinical stage of cirrhosis. A competing-risk meta-analysis of individual participant data. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 2024. link 66 Balcar L, Mandorfer M, Hernández-Gea V, Procopet B, Meyer EL, Giráldez Á et al.. Predicting survival in patients with 'non-high-risk' acute variceal bleeding receiving β-blockers+ligation to prevent re-bleeding. Journal of hepatology 2024. link 67 Ma AS, Thuluvath PJ. The Role of Endoscopy for Primary and Secondary Prophylaxis of Variceal Bleeding. Gastrointestinal endoscopy clinics of North America 2024. link 68 Gralnek IM, Garcia-Pagan JC, Hernández-Gea V. Challenges in the Management of Esophagogastric Varices and Variceal Hemorrhage in Cirrhosis - A Narrative Review. The American journal of medicine 2024. link 69 Allaire M, Thabut D. Portal hypertension and variceal bleeding in patients with liver cancer: Evidence gaps for prevention and management. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) 2024. link 70 Lin LY, Zeng DW, Liu YR, Zhu YY, Huang LL. Diagnostic value of liver stiffness measurement combined with risk scores for esophagogastric variceal bleeding in patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis. European journal of radiology 2024. link 71 Rehman H, Rehman ST, Zulfiqar S, Awan S, Abid S. Real-world comparison of terlipressin vs. octreotide as an adjuvant treatment in the management of variceal bleeding. Scientific reports 2024. link 72 Sheng JY, Meng ZF, Li Q, Yang YS. Recent advances in promising drugs for primary prevention of gastroesophageal variceal bleeding with cirrhotic portal hypertension. Hepatobiliary & pancreatic diseases international : HBPD INT 2024. link 73 Vaishnav M, Biswas S, Shenoy A, Pathak P, Anand A, Swaroop S et al.. Comparison of 1-day versus 3-day intravenous terlipressin in cirrhosis patients with variceal bleeding: A pilot randomised controlled trial. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 2024. link 74 Montrose JA, Desai A, Nephew L, Patidar KR, Ghabril MS, Campbell NL et al.. Medication burden and anticholinergic use are associated with overt HE in individuals with cirrhosis. Hepatology communications 2024. link 75 Wejnaruemarn S, Suksawatamnuay S, Vanichanan J, Komolmit P, Treeprasertsuk S, Thanapirom K. Association between serum endocan levels and organ failure in hospitalized patients with cirrhosis. PloS one 2024. link 76 Delicce MJ, Mauch J, Sims OT, Lyu R, Kren H, Bartow R et al.. A comparison between patients with various etiologies of cirrhosis and examination of cardiac risk factors limiting survival to liver transplantation. Clinical transplantation 2024. link 77 Sampaio Rodrigues T, Koshy AN, Gow PJ, Weinberg L, Cailes B, Testro A et al.. Atherosclerosis on CT coronary angiography and the risk of long-term cardiovascular events after liver transplantation. Liver transplantation : official publication of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the International Liver Transplantation Society 2024. link 78 Crismale JF, Kim T, Schiano TD. Utilization of aquapheresis among hospitalized patients with end-stage liver disease: A case series and literature review. Clinical transplantation 2024. link 79 Almeida F, Sousa A. Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy: Pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. Revista portuguesa de cardiologia : orgao oficial da Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia = Portuguese journal of cardiology : an official journal of the Portuguese Society of Cardiology 2024. link 80 Dönmez İ, Can G, Acar E. The right ventricle outflow tract systolic function could predict the severity of the cirrhosis. Turkish journal of medical sciences 2024. link 81 Zhao F, Ding J, Cui J, Zhu M, Zhao W. Platelet Activation is Upregulated in Cirrhotic Patients with Portal Vein Thrombosis. Thrombosis and haemostasis 2024. link 82 Kondili LA, Zanetto A, Quaranta MG, Ferrigno L, Panetta V, Calvaruso V et al.. Predicting de-novo portal vein thrombosis after HCV eradication: A long-term competing risk analysis in the ongoing PITER cohort. United European gastroenterology journal 2024. link 83 Possick S, Khungar V, Deshpande R. Cardiac evaluation of the liver transplant candidate. Current opinion in organ transplantation 2024. link 84 Laurenzano J, Ganesan P, Harrington C, Slaughter JC, VanWagner LB, Borgmann A et al.. Post-Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt Right Atrial Pressure and Left Atrial Volume Index Predict Heart Failure and Mortality: Dual Center Experience. The American journal of gastroenterology 2024. link 85 Koch DG, Rockey DC, Litwin SS, Tedford RJ. H2FPEF Scores Are Increased in Patients with NASH Cirrhosis and Are Associated with Post-liver Transplant Heart Failure. Digestive diseases and sciences 2024. link 86 . EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines on acute-on-chronic liver failure. Journal of hepatology 2023. link 87 Song S, Yang Y, Geng C, Tang Z, Wang C, Li X. Norfloxacin versus alternative antibiotics for prophylaxis of spontaneous bacteria peritonitis in cirrhosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC infectious diseases 2023. link 88 Juanola A, Ma AT, de Wit K, Gananandan K, Roux O, Zaccherini G et al.. Novel prognostic biomarkers in decompensated cirrhosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gut 2023. link 89 Liu D, Luo Y, Zheng Y, Ji R, Zhou Y. Effect of elevated serum ferritin on the risk of death in patients with decompensated cirrhosis: a meta-analysis. European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology 2023. link 90 Xuan J, Shi Z. Shear wave elastography measured liver stiffness-spleen size-to-platelet ratio for the prediction of high-risk oesophageal varices: a meta-analysis. European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology 2023. link 91 Chen N, Qiu X, Ruan H, Huang J, Liu S. Effects of late evening snacks on glucose homeostasis in cirrhotic patients: A meta-analysis. Medicine 2023. link 92 Ho APT, Tjønnfjord EB, Schreiner C, Sørensen OHS, Iqbal N, Stavem K et al.. A woman in her fifties with cirrhosis of the liver and postural dyspnoea. Tidsskrift for den Norske laegeforening : tidsskrift for praktisk medicin, ny raekke 2023. link 93 Velarde-Ruiz Velasco JA, Tapia Calderón DK, Llop Herrera E, Castro Narro G, García Jiménez ES, Cerda Reyes E et al.. Beyond conventional physical examination in hepatology: POCUS. Revista de gastroenterologia de Mexico (English) 2023. link 94 Díaz LA, Pages J, Mainardi V, Mendizabal M. Inpatient Hepatology Consultation: A Practical Approach for Clinicians. The Medical clinics of North America 2023. link 95 Long B, Gottlieb M. Emergency medicine updates: Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. The American journal of emergency medicine 2023. link 96 Lu X, Feng L, Wang W, Yang J. Incidental Detection of Ectopic Ovary Varices by 99m Tc-Red Blood Cell Bleeding Scintigraphy in a Patient With Cirrhosis. Clinical nuclear medicine 2023. link 97 Banc-Husu AM, Shiau H, Dike P, Shneider BL. Beyond Varices: Complications of Cirrhotic Portal Hypertension in Pediatrics. Seminars in liver disease 2023. link 98 Feng CW, Kang LL, Zhang HD. Prediction of Severe Esophageal Varices in Patients With Cirrhosis Based on Levitt's CO Breath Test: A Proof of Concept Study. Journal of clinical gastroenterology 2023. link 99 Huang JT, Zhong BY, Li WC, Zhang S, Shen J, Zhu XL. Feasibility of computed tomography portal venography in the preoperative evaluation of emergent TIPS creation for cirrhotic patients with acute variceal bleeding. European journal of radiology 2023. link 100 Rao CY, Xue CY, Fang QQ, Wu L, Huang XQ, Chen Y et al.. Prevalence and clinical characteristics of advanced portal vein thrombosis in cirrhotic patients with gastroesophageal variceal hemorrhage. Journal of digestive diseases 2023. link

Original source

[1]
ACG Clinical Guideline: Hepatic Encephalopathy. — Bajaj JS, Jakab SS, Jesudian AB, Rahimi RS, Duarte-Rojo A, Chen PH et al. The American journal of gastroenterology (2026)
[2]
Early Prediction of Hepatic Decompensation in Cirrhosis Using Optimised XGBoost Models at the Initial Outpatient Hepatology Visit. — Grubert Van Iderstine M, Perez S, Jackson GS, Szun T, Stephanson C, Weisshaar M et al. Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver (2026)
[3]
The diagnosis and management of portal hypertension in cirrhosis: The Gastroenterological Society of Australia consensus. — Majumdar A, Holmes J, Roberts SK, Bhat P, Mitchell T, Ramachandran J et al. Hepatology communications (2026)
[4]
The management of hepatorenal syndrome-acute kidney injury (HRS-AKI): A national survey of hepatology provider practices. — Cullaro G, Im GY, Chandna S, Lee BT, Simonetto DA, Aby ES et al. Hepatology communications (2026)
[5]
Role of point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) in clinical hepatology. — Premkumar M, Karvellas CJ, Kulkarni AV, Bhujade H, Reddy KR Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) (2026)
[6]
Hemodynamic impact of dexmedetomidine in critically ill patients with and without cirrhosis: A retrospective cohort study. — Conroy GM, Yerke JR, Rudoni MA, Kapoor A, Bass SN Journal of critical care (2026)
[7]
Cirrhotic Cardiomyopathy Predicts New-onset Heart Failure Within the First Year After Liver Transplantation. — Gill M, Abhayaratna C, Brieger D, Huang J, Swift W, Chand S et al. Transplantation (2026)
[8]
Early portopulmonary hypertension predicts mortality in patients with cirrhosis: Insights from the PORTO-DETECT cohort. — Téllez L, Donate J, Guerrero A, Agulleiro Beraza I, San Martín D, Alvarado E et al. Journal of hepatology (2026)
[9]
Impact of Disease-Specific Treatment and Non-Selective Beta Blockers on Risk of PVT in Cirrhotic Patients With HCV or PBC. — Gonzalez HC, Gordon SC, Trudeau S, Wu T, Rupp L, Melkonian C et al. Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver (2026)
[10]
Severity of liver disease is associated with cirrhotic cardiomyopathy: A multicenter study. — Ying X, Oje AO, De Witte AJ, Slaughter JC, Spann AL, Jesudian AB et al. Liver transplantation : official publication of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the International Liver Transplantation Society (2026)
[11]
Role of Sigma-1 Receptors in the Paraventricular Nucleus and Myocardium during Cirrhotic Cardiomyopathy in Rats. — Yu A, Li Y, Li J, Deng S Molecular neurobiology (2026)
[12]
Systematic Literature Review and Meta-analysis of the Cardiovascular Effects of Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt Creation for Decompensated Liver Cirrhosis. — Badar W, Khabbaz RC, Ekowa A, Shalaby S, Baiges A, García-Pagán JC et al. Journal of vascular and interventional radiology : JVIR (2026)
[13]
Gastrointestinal bleeding risk in cirrhotic portal vein thrombosis: focus on thrombus extension to superior mesenteric vein. — Lv S, Feng H, Xu T, Tian H, Wang H, Li D et al. BMC gastroenterology (2026)
[14]
Comparison of apixaban and warfarin in preventing portal vein system thrombosis after laparoscopic splenectomy for cirrhotic patients with secondary hypersplenism: a randomized controlled trial. — Gao TM, Xiao KQ, Zhou LX, Su BB, Jin SJ, Zhang C et al. Surgical endoscopy (2026)
[15]
DOACs reduce risk for new-onset portal hypertension in patients with cirrhosis and atrial fibrillation: A retrospective cohort study. — Su Y, Wang J, Dong Q, Guan H, Ma C Medicine (2026)
[16]
Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction Increases the Risk of Medium-term Mortality in Patients with Cirrhotic Ascites. — Li SH, Zhang L, Li HJ, Li Y, Zheng YM, Wang QQ Romanian journal of internal medicine = Revue roumaine de medecine interne (2026)
[17]
EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines on TIPS. Journal of hepatology (2025)
[18]
AGA Clinical Practice Update on Management of Portal Vein Thrombosis in Patients With Cirrhosis: Expert Review. — Davis JPE, Lim JK, Francis FF, Ahn J Gastroenterology (2025)
[19]
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