Overview
Gastrointestinal hypomotility refers to delayed gastric emptying and reduced intestinal transit, often leading to symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and bloating. It can result from various underlying conditions including neurological disorders, systemic diseases, and medication side effects.Diagnosis
Management
Special Populations
Key Recommendations
References
Showing 100 most recent of 238 indexed papers.
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How to achieve the long-term goals of EUS training--survey on the performance of diagnostic EUS by newly trained endosonographers and analysis of the influencing factors. BMC medical education 2025. link 5 Patel DD, Amann ST, Hart B. Resurgent Inflation and Its Impact on Medicare Reimbursements for Outpatient Gastroenterology Procedures. The American journal of gastroenterology 2025. link 6 Thurm T, Zmora N, Bruck R, Bar N, Philips A, Shibolet O et al.. Pre-endoscopy Anesthesiology Clinic Evaluation Does Not Reduce Adverse Event Rates for High-risk for Sedation Patients. Journal of patient safety 2025. link 7 Xie G, Estevez M, Heybati K, Vogt M, Smith M, Moshe C et al.. Outcomes of anesthesia-supported versus endoscopist-driven sedation modalities: a retrospective cohort study. Gastrointestinal endoscopy 2025. link 8 Conigliaro R, Pigò F, Gottin M, Grande G, Russo S, Cocca S et al.. Safety of endoscopist-directed nurse-administered sedation in an Italian referral hospital: An audit of 2 years and 19,407 procedures. Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver 2025. link 9 Munday J, McKenna L, Johns S, Ryan K, Douglas C. Heat Loss During Procedural Sedation for Endoscopy: A Descriptive Study. Journal of perianesthesia nursing : official journal of the American Society of PeriAnesthesia Nurses 2025. link 10 Yu Y, Deng J, Yin Y, Yang X, Liao M, Yu R. Ciprofol vs propofol for gastrointestinal endoscopy sedation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International journal of surgery (London, England) 2025. link 11 Takase H, Fukano K, Hayashi M, Miyamoto Y, Izuta K, Matsuoka Y et al.. Mortality related to procedural sedation and analgesia: a 10-year review of a nationwide medical adverse events database. BMJ open quality 2025. link 12 Liu Y, Song N, Zhang JT, Yan J, Peng K, Liu H et al.. Intravenous lidocaine as an adjuvant to propofol sedation for elderly patients undergoing same-visit bidirectional endoscopy: protocol for a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Annals of medicine 2025. link 13 Lu J, Yang D, Wang Y, Yang S, Fan X, Bo L. Effect of propofol sedation via a narrow-bore tube on hypoxemia risk during gastroscopy: a single-center, prospective, randomized controlled trial. BMC anesthesiology 2025. link 14 Hashash JG, Thompson CC, Wang AY. AGA Rapid Clinical Practice Update on the Management of Patients Taking GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Prior to Endoscopy: Communication. Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association 2024. link 15 Bhatt A, Patil P, Thosani NC. Endoscopy ergonomics: a survey-based study exploring gender differences. Gastrointestinal endoscopy 2024. link 16 Maulahela H, Soetikno RM, Kaltenbach TR, Annisa NG, Putri NAR, Syam AF et al.. Prospective study on comparison of simulation-based mastery learning versus conventional apprentice-based learning for basic endoscopy training. Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology 2024. link 17 Fang L, Chen L, Wu B, Xu Y, Chen L. Using Clinical-based Discharge Criteria to Discharge Patients After Endoscopy Procedures Under Drug-induced Intravenous Sedation in the Outpatient Care Unit: An Observational Study. Journal of perianesthesia nursing : official journal of the American Society of PeriAnesthesia Nurses 2024. link 18 Yahav-Shafir D, Orkin D, Zahavi G, Epstein I, Nadler M, Berkenstadt H. Patient-Reported Quality of Recovery after Sedation for Endoscopy in the Elderly. Gerontology 2024. link 19 Yang T, Zhou Y, Wang M, Zhang L, Liu B, Sun L et al.. Effects of remimazolam tosilate on gastrointestinal hormones and gastrointestinal motility in patients undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopy with sedation: a randomized control trial. Postgraduate medical journal 2024. link 20 Chen B, Lu L, Zhai J, Hua Z. Effect of moderate versus deep sedation on recovery following outpatient gastroscopy in older patients: a randomized controlled trial. Surgical endoscopy 2024. link 21 Kosirog J, Bouvette C, Pannu J, Gondal J, Madhoun M. Marijuana and endoscopy: the effects of marijuana on sedation. Gastrointestinal endoscopy 2024. link 22 Speer T, Vickery K, Alfa M, Sáenz R. Minimizing the Risks of Simethicone in Endoscope Reprocessing. Journal of clinical gastroenterology 2023. link 23 Sebastian S, Dhar A, Baddeley R, Donnelly L, Haddock R, Arasaradnam R et al.. Green endoscopy: British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG), Joint Accreditation Group (JAG) and Centre for Sustainable Health (CSH) joint consensus on practical measures for environmental sustainability in endoscopy. Gut 2023. link 24 Joy PJ, Blanshard HJ. Propofol-remifentanil patient-controlled sedation for endoscopic procedures: a prospective service audit. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie 2023. link 25 Aljabari S, Ohler A, Waheed S, El-Halabi I, Tryon C, Friedman S. Topical Pharyngeal Anesthesia in Sedated Pediatric Patients Undergoing Esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition 2023. link 26 Zhong J, Zhang J, Fan Y, Zhu M, Zhao X, Zuo Z et al.. Efficacy and safety of Ciprofol for procedural sedation and anesthesia in non-operating room settings. Journal of clinical anesthesia 2023. link 27 Pedersen MH, Danø A, Englev E, Kattenhøj L, Munk E. Economic benefits of remimazolam compared to midazolam and propofol for procedural sedation in colonoscopies and bronchoscopies. Current medical research and opinion 2023. link 28 Mariotti AL, Pattee J, Edmundowicz SA, Hardesty TD, Sharma SM, Lemley MG et al.. Operational outcomes of propofol sedation versus fentanyl, midazolam and diphenhydramine sedation for endoscopies and colonoscopies at an academic medical center. PloS one 2023. link 29 Deprez PH, Moons LMG, OʼToole D, Gincul R, Seicean A, Pimentel-Nunes P et al.. Endoscopic management of subepithelial lesions including neuroendocrine neoplasms: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline. Endoscopy 2022. link 30 Martín-Peláez S, Cano-Ibáñez N, Pinto-Gallardo M, Amezcua-Prieto C. The Impact of Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Synbiotics during Pregnancy or Lactation on the Intestinal Microbiota of Children Born by Cesarean Section: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2022. link 31 Nass KJ, Zwager LW, van der Vlugt M, Dekker E, Bossuyt PMM, Ravindran S et al.. Novel classification for adverse events in GI endoscopy: the AGREE classification. Gastrointestinal endoscopy 2022. link 32 Takenaka M, Hosono M, Hayashi S, Nishida T, Kudo M. How should radiation exposure be handled in fluoroscopy-guided endoscopic procedures in the field of gastroenterology?. Digestive endoscopy : official journal of the Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society 2022. link 33 Matsubayashi M, Nakamura K, Sugawara M, Kamishima S. Nursing Difficulties and Issues in Endoscopic Sedation: Qualitative Research in Japan. Gastroenterology nursing : the official journal of the Society of Gastroenterology Nurses and Associates 2022. link 34 Medina-Prado L, Martínez Sempere J, Bozhychko M, Mangas-Sanjuán C, Compañy Català L, Ruiz Gómez F et al.. Safety of endoscopist-administered deep sedation with propofol in ASA III patients. Revista espanola de enfermedades digestivas 2022. link 35 Hu F, Zou L, Chang H, Tian L, Liu F, Lan Y et al.. Comparison of effectiveness, cost and safety between moderate sedation and deep sedation under esophagogastroduodenoscopy in Chinese population: a quasi-experimental study. Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology 2022. link 36 Fatima H, Imperiale T. Safety Profile of Endoscopist-directed Balanced Propofol Sedation for Procedural Sedation: An Experience at a Hospital-based Endoscopy Unit. Journal of clinical gastroenterology 2022. link 37 Anglade P, Ibrahim H, Abdel-Razig S. Does provider gender matter in endoscopy? An international perspective. Gastrointestinal endoscopy 2021. link 38 Moore M, Sharma P. Updates in artificial intelligence in gastroenterology endoscopy in 2020. Current opinion in gastroenterology 2021. link 39 DeWitt JM, Arain M, Chang KJ, Sharaiha R, Komanduri S, Muthusamy VR et al.. Interventional Endoscopic Ultrasound: Current Status and Future Directions. Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association 2021. link 40 Manno M, Deiana S, Gabbani T, Gazzi M, Pignatti A, Becchi E et al.. Implementation of the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) and European Society of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Nurses and Associates (ESGENA) sedation training course in a regular endoscopy unit. Endoscopy 2021. link 41 Gotoda T, Akamatsu T, Abe S, Shimatani M, Nakai Y, Hatta W et al.. Guidelines for sedation in gastroenterological endoscopy (second edition). Digestive endoscopy : official journal of the Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society 2021. link 42 Shen L, Wright A, Lee LS, Jajoo K, Nayor J, Landman A. Clinical decision support system, using expert consensus-derived logic and natural language processing, decreased sedation-type order errors for patients undergoing endoscopy. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA 2021. link 43 Gururatsakul M, Lee R, Ponnuswamy SK, Gilhotra R, McGowan C, Whittaker D et al.. Prospective audit of the safety of endoscopist-directed nurse-administered propofol sedation in an Australian referral hospital. Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology 2021. link 44 Huang C, Hopkins R, Huang K, Demers L, Wasan S. Standardizing Endoscopy Training: A Workshop for Endoscopy Educators. MedEdPORTAL : the journal of teaching and learning resources 2020. link 45 Teh JL, Shabbir A, Yuen S, So JB. Recent advances in diagnostic upper endoscopy. World journal of gastroenterology 2020. link 46 Kumar NL, Smith BN, Lee LS, Sewell JL. Best Practices in Teaching Endoscopy Based on a Delphi Survey of Gastroenterology Program Directors and Experts in Endoscopy Education. Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association 2020. link 47 Han S, Obuch JC, Keswani RN, Hall M, Patel SG, Menard-Katcher P et al.. Effect of individualized feedback on learning curves in EGD and colonoscopy: a cluster randomized controlled trial. Gastrointestinal endoscopy 2020. link 48 Piskorz MM, Wonaga A, Bortot L, Linares ME, Araya V, Olmos JI et al.. Impact of a Virtual Endoscopy Training Curriculum in Novice Endoscopists: First Experience in Argentina. Digestive diseases and sciences 2020. link 49 Ficara M, Pietrella E, Spada C, Della Casa Muttini E, Lucaccioni L, Iughetti L et al.. Changes of intestinal microbiota in early life. The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians 2020. link 50 Dexter F, Epstein RH, Penning DH. Late first-case of the day starts do not cause greater minutes of over-utilized time at an endoscopy suite with 8-hour workdays and late running rooms. A historical cohort study. Journal of clinical anesthesia 2020. link 51 de Benito Sanz M, Martínez de la Torre S, Salvador de Las Heras MªA, Calleja Carbajosa R, Sesma Fernández PV, Pérez Sierra L et al.. Randomized clinical trial to assess the mPADSS scale in recovery and home discharge after endoscopy. Revista espanola de enfermedades digestivas 2020. link 52 Liu J, Liu X, Peng LP, Ji R, Liu C, Li YQ. Efficacy and safety of intravenous lidocaine in propofol-based sedation for ERCP procedures: a prospective, randomized, double-blinded, controlled trial. Gastrointestinal endoscopy 2020. link 53 McCain JD, Stancampiano FF, Bouras EP, DeVault KR, Gilbert EL, Ryan T et al.. Creation of a score to predict risk of high conscious sedation requirements in patients undergoing endoscopy. Gastrointestinal endoscopy 2020. link 54 Jin W, Guo X, Li Q, Luo X, Zhong J, Song Y et al.. Potential preventive and therapeutic effect of Chinese herb rhubarb (da huang) for intensive care unit/pediatric intensive care unit gastrointestinal failure patients: A protocol for systematic review. Medicine 2020. link 55 Wang L, Malik A, Roop PS, Cheng LK, Paskaranandavadivel N, Ai W. A novel approach for model-based design of gastric pacemakers. Computers in biology and medicine 2020. link 56 Lau ASY, Mitsuyama E, Odamaki T, Xiao JZ, Liong MT. El Niño Altered Gut Microbiota of Children: A New Insight on Weather-Gut Interactions and Protective Effects of Probiotic. Journal of medicinal food 2019. link 57 Walsh CM, Cohen J, Woods KL, Wang KK, Andersen DK, Anderson MA et al.. ASGE EndoVators Summit: simulators and the future of endoscopic training. Gastrointestinal endoscopy 2019. link 58 Goodman AJ, Melson J, Aslanian HR, Bhutani MS, Krishnan K, Lichtenstein DR et al.. Endoscopic simulators. Gastrointestinal endoscopy 2019. link 59 Wang P, Hutfless SM, Shin EJ, Hartman C, Disney S, Fain CC et al.. Same-Day vs Different-Day Elective Upper and Lower Endoscopic Procedures by Setting. JAMA internal medicine 2019. link 60 Miller AT, Sedlack RE. Competency in esophagogastroduodenoscopy: a validated tool for assessment and generalizable benchmarks for gastroenterology fellows. Gastrointestinal endoscopy 2019. link 61 Narayanswami J, Smith DA, Enzerra M, Rahnemai-Azar AA, Kikano E, Ramaiya NH. "-Omas" presenting as "-itis": acute inflammatory presentations of common gastrointestinal neoplasms. Emergency radiology 2019. link 62 Tsai MH, Hall MA, Cardinal MS, Breidenstein MW, Abajian MJ, Zubarik RS. Changing Anesthesia Block Allocations Improves Endoscopy Suite Efficiency. Journal of medical systems 2019. link 63 Han SJ, Lee TH, Yang JK, Cho YS, Jung Y, Chung IK et al.. Etomidate Sedation for Advanced Endoscopic Procedures. Digestive diseases and sciences 2019. link 64 Najafi N, Veyckemans F, Vanhonacker D, Legrand C, Van de Velde A, Vandenplas Y et al.. Incidence and risk factors for adverse events during monitored anaesthesia care for gastrointestinal endoscopy in children: A prospective observational study. European journal of anaesthesiology 2019. link 65 Pérez-Cuadrado-Robles E, Ferreira A, García-Cano J. Enhancing the current evidence on endoscopist-directed propofol-based sedation. Revista espanola de enfermedades digestivas 2018. link 66 Lin OS, Weigel W. Nonoperating room anesthesia for gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures. Current opinion in anaesthesiology 2018. link 67 Chen SW, Cheng CL, Liu NJ, Tang JH, Kuo YL, Lin CH et al.. Optimal procedural sequence for same-day bidirectional endoscopy with moderate sedation: A prospective randomized study. Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology 2018. link 68 Vieth M, Sterlacci W. Endoscopic resection: a pathologist's point of view! What affects specimen quality?. Minerva chirurgica 2018. link 69 Gardner AK, Scott DJ, Willis RE, Van Sickle K, Truitt MS, Uecker J et al.. Is current surgery resident and GI fellow training adequate to pass FES?. Surgical endoscopy 2017. link 70 Walsh CM, Anderson JT, Fishman DS. Evidence-based Approach to Training Pediatric Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Trainers. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition 2017. link 71 Vargo JJ, Niklewski PJ, Williams JL, Martin JF, Faigel DO. Patient safety during sedation by anesthesia professionals during routine upper endoscopy and colonoscopy: an analysis of 1.38 million procedures. Gastrointestinal endoscopy 2017. link 72 Inadomi JM. Editorial: Endoscopic Sedation: Who, Which, When?. The American journal of gastroenterology 2017. link 73 Kim SY, Chung JW, Park DK, Kwon KA, Kim KO, Kim YJ et al.. Comparison of carbon dioxide and air insufflation during consecutive EGD and colonoscopy in moderate-sedation patients: a prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled trial. Gastrointestinal endoscopy 2017. link 74 Allen ML. Safety of deep sedation in the endoscopy suite. Current opinion in anaesthesiology 2017. link 75 Chandran V, Jagadisan B, Ganth B. Validation of Adapted Dartmouth Operative Conditions Scale for sedation during pediatric esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Paediatric anaesthesia 2017. link 76 Lin OS, Kozarek RA, Tombs D, La Selva D, Weigel W, Beecher R et al.. The First US Clinical Experience With Computer-Assisted Propofol Sedation: A Retrospective Observational Comparative Study on Efficacy, Safety, Efficiency, and Endoscopist and Patient Satisfaction. Anesthesia and analgesia 2017. link 77 Campbell JA, Irvine AJ, Hopper AD. Endoscopic ultrasound sedation in the United Kingdom: Is life without propofol tolerable?. World journal of gastroenterology 2017. link 78 Wadhwa V, Issa D, Garg S, Lopez R, Sanaka MR, Vargo JJ. Similar Risk of Cardiopulmonary Adverse Events Between Propofol and Traditional Anesthesia for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association 2017. link 79 Friedlander JA, Brumbaugh DE. Informed Consent for Pediatric Endoscopy. Gastrointestinal endoscopy clinics of North America 2016. link 80 Lee CK, Dong SH, Kim ES, Moon SH, Park HJ, Yang DH et al.. Room for Quality Improvement in Endoscopist-Directed Sedation: Results from the First Nationwide Survey in Korea. Gut and liver 2016. link 81 Ahn JY, Lee JS, Lee GH, Lee JW, Na HK, Jung KW et al.. The Efficacy of a Newly Designed, Easy-to-Manufacture Training Simulator for Endoscopic Biopsy of the Stomach. Gut and liver 2016. link 82 Reid MW, May FP, Martinez B, Cohen S, Wang H, Williams DL et al.. Preventing Endoscopy Clinic No-Shows: Prospective Validation of a Predictive Overbooking Model. The American journal of gastroenterology 2016. link 83 Leslie K, Allen ML, Hessian E, Lee AY. Survey of anaesthetists' practice of sedation for gastrointestinal endoscopy. Anaesthesia and intensive care 2016. link 84 Goyal R, Hasnain S, Mittal S, Shreevastava S. A randomized, controlled trial to compare the efficacy and safety profile of a dexmedetomidine-ketamine combination with a propofol-fentanyl combination for ERCP. Gastrointestinal endoscopy 2016. link 85 Mahmud N, Berzin TM. Extended Monitoring during Endoscopy. Gastrointestinal endoscopy clinics of North America 2016. link 86 Mehta PP, Kochhar G, Albeldawi M, Kirsh B, Rizk M, Putka B et al.. Capnographic Monitoring in Routine EGD and Colonoscopy With Moderate Sedation: A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Trial. The American journal of gastroenterology 2016. link 87 Quinn L, Kelly ME, Khan A, Irwin R, Khan W, Barry K et al.. Sedation for gastroscopy: Is it an adequately understood and informed choice?. Irish journal of medical science 2016. link 88 Tang JH, Cheng CL, Kuo YL, Tsui YN. Paired comparison of procedural sequence in same-day bidirectional endoscopy with moderate sedation and carbon dioxide insufflation: A prospective observational study. Saudi journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Saudi Gastroenterology Association 2016. link 89 Abou-Alfa GK. Interview with Dr Ghassan K Abou-Alfa. Immunotherapy 2016. link 90 Kholod D, Shkurupii D, Sonnik E. IMMUNE CHANGES IN NEWBORN INFANTS WITH GASTROINTESTINAL FAILURE REQUIRING INTENSIVE CARE. Georgian medical news 2016. link 91 Reintam Blaser A, Jakob SM, Starkopf J. Gastrointestinal failure in the ICU. 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Utilization of simulation for the introduction of new software technology to the clinical setting. Journal of patient safety 2014. link 97 Martinek J, Stefanova M, Suchanek S, Zavada F, Svobodova B, Strosova A et al.. Training of different endoscopic skills on ex-vivo animal model. Simulation in healthcare : journal of the Society for Simulation in Healthcare 2014. link 98 de Aguilar-Nascimento JE, Caporossi C, Metelo JS, Tanajura GH, Canevari-de-Oliveira M, da Cunha Costa R. Safe intake of an oral supplement containing carbohydrates and whey protein shortly before sedation to gastroscopy; a double blind, randomized trial. Nutricion hospitalaria 2014. link 99 Müller M, Wehrmann T, Eckardt AJ. Prospective evaluation of the routine use of a nasopharyngeal airway (Wendl Tube) during endoscopic propofol-based sedation. Digestion 2014. link 100 Kadayifci A, Atar M, Parlar S, Balkan A, Koruk I, Koruk M. Transnasal endoscopy is preferred by transoral endoscopy experienced patients. 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