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Urology1 paper

Recurrent bacterial cystitis

Last edited: 4/10/2026

Overview

Recurrent bacterial cystitis is defined as two or more urinary tract infections (UTIs) within a six-month period or three or more within a 12-month period 1. It is often associated with the adherence of p-fimbriated Escherichia coli to urothelial cells 1.

Diagnosis

Management

  • Prophylactic use of high-dose proanthocyanidins (PACs) from American cranberries may reduce the incidence of UTIs 1.
  • Daily use of Cysticlean™ 240 mg was associated with a significant reduction in UTIs and a slight improvement in Quality of Life in a randomized trial 1.
  • Cranberry PACs may also decrease the isolation of E. coli* from vaginal and rectal swabs 1.

    Special Populations

    Key Recommendations

  • Daily prophylactic use of high-dose PACs (e.g., Cysticlean™ 240 mg) may be considered for women with recurrent uncomplicated cystitis to reduce UTI incidence 1. (Evidence: Strong)
  • Prophylactic cranberry PACs may lead to a decrease in E. coli colonization in the vaginal and rectal flora, potentially contributing to UTI prevention 1. (Evidence: Moderate)
  • References

    1 Tsiakoulias E, Gravas S, Hadjichristodoulou C, Oikonomou KG, Kyritsi M, Dadouli K et al.. Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded study of prophylactic cranberries use in women with recurrent uncomplicated cystitis. World journal of urology 2024. link

    Original source

    1. [1]
      Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded study of prophylactic cranberries use in women with recurrent uncomplicated cystitis.Tsiakoulias E, Gravas S, Hadjichristodoulou C, Oikonomou KG, Kyritsi M, Dadouli K et al. World journal of urology (2024)

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