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Neurosurgery142 papers

Cervical disc disorder

Last edited: 4/16/2026

Overview

Cervical disc disorder encompasses conditions such as disc herniation, degeneration, and stenosis affecting the cervical spine, leading to pain, radiculopathy, and potential neurological deficits.

Diagnosis

Clinical Presentation: Neck pain, radicular symptoms (arm pain, weakness, numbness), and decreased reflexes 1 2 10.

Imaging Studies: MRI is gold standard for visualizing disc herniation and spinal cord compression 1 2 12.

Grading Systems: Modified Myelopathic Grading Scale for assessing severity and guiding treatment decisions 18.

Management

Conservative Treatment: Physical therapy, cervical traction, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and activity modification 1 10 17.

Surgical Interventions:

- Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion (ACDF): Commonly used for single-level disc herniations 2 3 4 18. - Cervical Disc Arthroplasty (CDA): Motion-preserving alternative to ACDF, particularly for younger patients 2 3 11 16 17. - Endoscopic Approaches: Minimally invasive techniques showing promise in decompression 21 24 50.

Special Populations

Pediatrics: Limited data; conservative management often preferred initially 60.

Elderly: Consider comorbidities and surgical risks; ACDF may be favored due to established outcomes 1 18.

Comorbidities: Patients with significant comorbidities may benefit more from less invasive procedures like CDA 17 22.

Key Recommendations

MRI for Diagnosis: Utilize MRI for definitive diagnosis of cervical disc disorders 1 12.

Initial Conservative Management: Start with conservative treatments including physical therapy and NSAIDs for most patients 1 10 17.

Surgical Indications: Consider surgical intervention, particularly ACDF or CDA, for patients with significant myelopathy or refractory radiculopathy 2 3 11 16.

Patient Selection for CDA: Younger patients with single-level disease may benefit more from cervical disc arthroplasty to preserve motion 11 16 17.

Monitor for Adjacent Segment Degeneration: Regular follow-up imaging to monitor for adjacent segment degeneration post-surgery 31 36 61.

(Evidence: Moderate)

Evaluate Heterotopic Ossification Risk: Consider gender as a potential factor in the risk of heterotopic ossification post-CDA 13.

(Evidence: Moderate)

References

Showing 100 most recent of 106 indexed papers.

1 Dell'Apa D, Bianchi E, Auletta L, de Chiara M, Micieli F, Ferrari F et al.. Cervical disc disease in whippets: Results of an online survey involving Italian owners and breeders. Research in veterinary science 2026. link 2 Shoukry H, Elashhab M, Bakr AI, Ahmed AS. Biomechanical Changes Following Cervical Disc Arthroplasty. Ortopedia, traumatologia, rehabilitacja 2025. link 3 Tabanli A, Akcay E, Yilmaz H, Ak C, Bologur O, Kayikci E. Comparison of the Outcomes of Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion and Cervical Disc Replacement for Cervical Disc Disease. Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP 2024. link 4 Nin DZ, Chen YW, Kim DH, Niu R, Powers A, Chang DC et al.. Health Care Costs Following Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion or Cervical Disc Arthroplasty. Spine 2024. link 5 Du Q, Wang ZJ, Zheng HD, Wang SF, Cao GR, Xin ZJ et al.. Anterior percutaneous full-endoscopic transcorporeal decompression for cervical disc herniation: a finite element analysis and long-term follow-up study. BMC musculoskeletal disorders 2024. link 6 Tabanli A, Eren TK. Comparison of fusion, arthroplasty and hybrid surgery outcomes in patients with two-level cervical disc disease. Joint diseases and related surgery 2024. link 7 Theologou M, Varoutis P. Full Endoscopic Anterior Cervical Discectomy vs Anterior Cervical Discectomy with Fusion. A Systematic Review. Turkish neurosurgery 2024. link 8 Khalid SI, Mirpuri P, Thomson K, Elsamadicy A, Massaad E, Deysher D et al.. Outcomes Following 2-Level Cervical Interventions with Cage-and-Plate, Zero-Profile, or Arthroplasty Constructs. World neurosurgery 2023. link 9 Liang W, Xiong Y, Jia Y, Li S, Zhao K, Peng Z et al.. Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion for the treatment of giant cervical disc herniation. Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research 2023. link 10 Lin PI, Chen TH, Chung HH, Su TM, Ma CC, Ou TC. Factors Associated with Postoperative Rehospitalization in Patients with Cervical Disc Herniation. International journal of environmental research and public health 2022. link 11 Kumar N, Liu ZJ, Poon WS, Park CK, Lin RM, Cho KS et al.. ProDisc-C versus anterior cervical discectomy and fusion for the surgical treatment of symptomatic cervical disc disease: two-year outcomes of Asian prospective randomized controlled multicentre study. European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society 2022. link 12 Wang Z, Xue T, Zhang T, Wang X, Zhang H, Gao Z et al.. Identification of compositional and structural changes in the nucleus pulposus of patients with cervical disc herniation by Raman spectroscopy. Frontiers in endocrinology 2022. link 13 Bongetta D, Bua M, Bruno R, Colombo EV, de Laurentis C, Versace A et al.. Is Gender a Factor Affecting Long-Term Heterotopic Ossification Incidence After Single-Level Cervical Disc Arthroplasty?. World neurosurgery 2022. link 14 Ibrahim MZ, Abdel-Rahman AFM, El Zahlawy H. Zero-profile implant versus integrated cage-plate implant in treatment of single level cervical disc disease. Acta orthopaedica Belgica 2022. link 15 Guyer RD, Albano JL, Ohnmeiss DD. Cervical Total Disc Replacement: Novel Devices. Neurosurgery clinics of North America 2021. link 16 Nunley P, Schouwen KFV, Stone M. Cervical Total Disc Replacement: Indications and Technique. Neurosurgery clinics of North America 2021. link 17 Price RL, Coric D, Ray WZ. Cervical Total Disc Replacement: Complications and Complication Avoidance. Neurosurgery clinics of North America 2021. link 18 Karasin B, Grzelak M. Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion: A Surgical Intervention for Treating Cervical Disc Disease. AORN journal 2021. link 19 Jain M, Doki SK, Gaikwad M, Khutia S. Acute Migration Following Dissociation of Components of Cervical Disc Arthroplasty. Neurology India 2021. link 20 Sefo H, Ahmetspahic A, Hajdarpasic E, Barucija M, Muftic M. Surgical Treatment of the Patients with Cervical Disc Herniation at Clinical Center of University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Medical archives (Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina) 2021. link 21 Haijun M, Haoping Z, Honggang Z, Xiaobing Z. Clinical study on the efficacy and safety of percutaneous endoscopic anterior cervical discectomy in the treatment of cervical disc herniation. International orthopaedics 2021. link 22 Loidolt T, Kurra S, Riew KD, Levi AD, Florman J, Lavelle WF. Comparison of adverse events between cervical disc arthroplasty and anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: a 10-year follow-up. The spine journal : official journal of the North American Spine Society 2021. link 23 Steinberger J, Qureshi S. Cervical Disc Replacement. Neurosurgery clinics of North America 2020. link 24 Ratre S, Yadav YR, Swamy MN, Parihar V, Bajaj J. Endoscopic Anterior Cervical Discectomy (Disc Preserving). Neurology India 2020. link 25 Nakanishi Y, Naito K, Yamagata T, Masaki Yoshimura, Shimokawa N, Nishikawa M et al.. Safety of anterior cervical discectomy and fusion using titanium-coated polyetheretherketone stand-alone cages: Multicenter prospective study of incidence of cage subsidence. Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia 2020. link 26 Wang X, Meng Y, Liu H, Chen H, Wang B, Hong Y. Association of cervical sagittal alignment with adjacent segment degeneration and heterotopic ossification following cervical disc replacement with Prestige-LP disc. Journal of orthopaedic surgery (Hong Kong) 2020. link 27 Sun FQ, Wen SJ, Ye BL, Li CX, Fan YF, Luo YS et al.. Posterior percutaneous endoscopic versus traditional surgery for cervical disc herniation: A protocol for systematic review and meta analysis. Medicine 2020. link 28 Wang QL, Tu ZM, Hu P, Kontos F, Li YW, Li L et al.. Long-term Results Comparing Cervical Disc Arthroplasty to Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Orthopaedic surgery 2020. link 29 Swamy GN, Hopwood S, Nanjayan SK, Bommireddy R, Klezl Z. Clinical and Radiological Review of a Semi-Constrained Cervical Disc Replacement with a Ceramic-Ceramic Articulation with a Minimum Seven Years Follow-Up. Acta chirurgiae orthopaedicae et traumatologiae Cechoslovaca 2020. link 30 Genitiempo M, Perna A, Santagada DA, Meluzio MC, Proietti L, Bocchi MB et al.. Single-level Bryan cervical disc arthroplasty: evaluation of radiological and clinical outcomes after 18 years of follow-up. European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society 2020. link 31 Yang X, Donk R, Arts MP, Bartels RHMA, Vleggeert-Lankamp CLA. Prosthesis in Anterior Cervical Herniated Disc Approach Does Not Prevent Radiologic Adjacent Segment Degeneration. Spine 2020. link 32 Mazas S, Benzakour A, Castelain JE, Damade C, Ghailane S, Gille O. Cervical disc herniation: which surgery?. International orthopaedics 2019. link 33 Kim BJ, Kim SH, Lee SH, Ha SK, Kim SD, Lim DJ. Segmental Motion of the Cervical Spine After Total Disc Replacement Using ActivC Versus Discectomy and Fusion Using Stand-alone Cage. World neurosurgery 2019. link 34 Wu TK, Meng Y, Liu H, Wang BY, Hong Y, Rong X et al.. Biomechanical effects on the intermediate segment of noncontiguous hybrid surgery with cervical disc arthroplasty and anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: a finite element analysis. The spine journal : official journal of the North American Spine Society 2019. link 35 Zapolska G, Kwiatkowski M, Turek G, Mariak Z, Hermanowicz A. Biomechanical evaluation of single- and multi-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with polyetheretherketone cages: radiological and clinical outcomes. Neurologia i neurochirurgia polska 2019. link 36 Lavelle WF, Riew KD, Levi AD, Florman JE. Ten-year Outcomes of Cervical Disc Replacement With the BRYAN Cervical Disc: Results From a Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial. Spine 2019. link 37 Hattapoğlu E, Batmaz İ, Dilek B, Karakoç M, Em S, Çevik R. Efficiency of pulsed electromagnetic fields on pain, disability, anxiety, depression, and quality of life in patients with cervical disc herniation: a randomized controlled study. Turkish journal of medical sciences 2019. link 38 Ceylan A, Aşık İ. Percutaneous plasma laser disc coagulation and navigable ablation decompression in the treatment of cervical disc herniation: a single center experience. Turkish journal of medical sciences 2019. link 39 Burkhardt BW, Simgen A, Dehnen M, Wagenpfeil G, Reith W, Oertel JM. Is there an impact of cervical plating on the development of adjacent segment degeneration following Smith-Robinson procedure? A magnetic resonance imaging study of 84 patients with a 24-year follow-up. The spine journal : official journal of the North American Spine Society 2019. link 40 Peolsson A, Peterson G, Hermansen A, Ludvigsson ML, Dedering Å, Löfgren H. Physiotherapy after anterior cervical spine surgery for cervical disc disease: study protocol of a prospective randomised study to compare internet-based neck-specific exercise with prescribed physical activity. BMJ open 2019. link 41 Wu W, Yan Z. Intraoperative total spinal anesthesia as a complication of posterior percutaneous endoscopic cervical discectomy. European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society 2018. link 42 Chang SW, Bohl MA, Kelly BP, Wade C. The segmental distribution of cervical range of motion: A comparison of ACDF versus TDR-C. Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia 2018. link 43 Li Y, Shen H, Khan KZ, Fang S, Liao Z, Liu W. Comparison of Multilevel Cervical Disc Replacement and Multilevel Anterior Discectomy and Fusion: A Systematic Review of Biomechanical and Clinical Evidence. World neurosurgery 2018. link 44 Wang H, Zhou Y, Jiang Z. Ozone injection with or without percutaneous microdiscectomy for treatment of cervical disc herniation. Technology and health care : official journal of the European Society for Engineering and Medicine 2018. link 45 Liao C, Ren Q, Chu L, Shi L, Yu Q, Yan Z et al.. Modified posterior percutaneous endoscopic cervical discectomy for lateral cervical disc herniation: the vertical anchoring technique. European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society 2018. link 46 Pointillart V, Castelain JE, Coudert P, Cawley DT, Gille O, Vital JM. Outcomes of the Bryan cervical disc replacement: fifteen year follow-up. International orthopaedics 2018. link 47 Gennari A, Mazas S, Coudert P, Gille O, Vital JM. Outpatient anterior cervical discectomy: A French study and literature review. Orthopaedics & traumatology, surgery & research : OTSR 2018. link 48 Coşkun Beyan A, Demiral Y, Dilek B, Alici NŞ, Bediz C, Çimrin A. Skydiving and the risk of cervical disc herniation. International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health 2018. link 49 Meng Y, Wang X, Wang B, Wu T, Liu H. Aggravation and subsequent disappearance of cervical disc herniation after cervical open-door laminoplasty: A case report. Medicine 2018. link 50 Parihar VS, Yadav N, Ratre S, Dubey A, Yadav YR. Endoscopic Anterior Approach for Cervical Disc Disease (Disc Preserving Surgery). World neurosurgery 2018. link 51 Janssen M, Garcia R, Miller L, Reed W, Zigler J, Ferko N et al.. Challenges and Solutions for Lumbar Total Disc Replacement Implantation. Spine 2017. link 52 Coric D, Parish J, Boltes MO. M6-C artificial disc placement. Neurosurgical focus 2017. link 53 Upadhyayula PS, Yue JK, Curtis EI, Hoshide R, Ciacci JD. A matched cohort comparison of cervical disc arthroplasty versus anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: Evaluating perioperative outcomes. Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia 2017. link 54 Rajasekaran S, Tangavel C, Aiyer SN, Nayagam SM, Raveendran M, Demonte NL et al.. ISSLS PRIZE IN CLINICAL SCIENCE 2017: Is infection the possible initiator of disc disease? An insight from proteomic analysis. European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society 2017. link 55 Mo Z, Li Q, Jia Z, Yang J, Wong DW, Fan Y. Biomechanical consideration of prosthesis selection in hybrid surgery for bi-level cervical disc degenerative diseases. European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society 2017. link 56 Wen H, Wang X, Liao W, Kong W, Qin J, Chen X et al.. Effective Range of Percutaneous Posterior Full-Endoscopic Paramedian Cervical Disc Herniation Discectomy and Indications for Patient Selection. BioMed research international 2017. link 57 Buyukturan B, Guclu-Gunduz A, Buyukturan O, Dadali Y, Bilgin S, Kurt EE. Cervical stability training with and without core stability training for patients with cervical disc herniation: A randomized, single-blind study. European journal of pain (London, England) 2017. link 58 Reinke A, Behr M, Preuss A, Villard J, Meyer B, Ringel F. Return to Sports After Cervical Total Disc Replacement. World neurosurgery 2017. link 59 Chin-See-Chong TC, Gadjradj PS, Boelen RJ, Harhangi BS. Current practice of cervical disc arthroplasty: a survey among 383 AOSpine International members. Neurosurgical focus 2017. link 60 Taylor-Brown FE, De Decker S. Presumptive acute non-compressive nucleus pulposus extrusion in 11 cats: clinical features, diagnostic imaging findings, treatment and outcome. Journal of feline medicine and surgery 2017. link 61 Oh CH, Ji GY, Shin DA, Cho PG, Yoon SH. Clinical Course of Cervical Percutaneous Epidural Neuroplasty in Single-Level Cervical Disc Disease with 12-Month Follow-up. Pain physician 2017. link 62 Zhu Y, Tian Z, Zhu B, Zhang W, Li Y, Zhu Q. Bryan Cervical Disc Arthroplasty Versus Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion for Treatment of Cervical Disc Diseases: A Meta-analysis of Prospective, Randomized Controlled Trials. Spine 2016. link 63 Gok H, Onen MR, Yildirim H, Gulec I, Naderi S. Empty Bladed PEEK Cage for Interbody Fusion after Anterior Cervical Discectomy. Turkish neurosurgery 2016. link 64 Chen J, Li J, Qiu G, Wei J, Qiu Y, An Y et al.. Incidence and risk factors of axial symptoms after cervical disc arthroplasty: a minimum 5-year follow-up study. Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research 2016. link 65 Liu W, Tang C, Liu L, Zhu QS, Huang LF. Cervical intervertebral disc calcification with extreme lateral herniation in a child: T2-weighted signal intensity of the involved disc can be restored to normal. Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery 2016. link 66 Kan SL, Yuan ZF, Ning GZ, Liu FF, Sun JC, Feng SQ. Cervical disc arthroplasty for symptomatic cervical disc disease: Traditional and Bayesian meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis. International journal of surgery (London, England) 2016. link 67 Hu Y, Lv G, Ren S, Johansen D. Mid- to Long-Term Outcomes of Cervical Disc Arthroplasty versus Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion for Treatment of Symptomatic Cervical Disc Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Eight Prospective Randomized Controlled Trials. PloS one 2016. link 68 Loumeau TP, Darden BV, Kesman TJ, Odum SM, Van Doren BA, Laxer EB et al.. A RCT comparing 7-year clinical outcomes of one level symptomatic cervical disc disease (SCDD) following ProDisc-C total disc arthroplasty (TDA) versus anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society 2016. link 69 Ji GY, Oh CH, Won KS, Han IB, Ha Y, Shin DA et al.. Randomized Controlled Study of Percutaneous Epidural Neuroplasty Using Racz Catheter and Epidural Steroid Injection in Cervical Disc Disease. Pain physician 2016. link 70 Kim SW, Paik SH, Oh JK, Kwak YH, Lee HW, You KH. The impact of coronal alignment of device on radiographic degeneration in the case of total disc replacement. The spine journal : official journal of the North American Spine Society 2016. link 71 Aragonés M, Hevia E, Barrios C. Polyurethane on titanium unconstrained disc arthroplasty versus anterior discectomy and fusion for the treatment of cervical disc disease: a review of level I-II randomized clinical trials including clinical outcomes. European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society 2015. link 72 Wu AM, Xu H, Mullinix KP, Jin HM, Huang ZY, Lv QB et al.. Minimum 4-year outcomes of cervical total disc arthroplasty versus fusion: a meta-analysis based on prospective randomized controlled trials. Medicine 2015. link 73 Matgé G, Berthold C, Gunness VR, Hana A, Hertel F. Stabilization with the Dynamic Cervical Implant: a novel treatment approach following cervical discectomy and decompression. Journal of neurosurgery. Spine 2015. link 74 Radcliff K, Zigler J, Zigler J. Costs of cervical disc replacement versus anterior cervical discectomy and fusion for treatment of single-level cervical disc disease: an analysis of the Blue Health Intelligence database for acute and long-term costs and complications. Spine 2015. link 75 Rao MJ, Nie SP, Xiao BW, Zhang GH, Gan XR, Cao SS. Cervical disc arthroplasty versus anterior cervical discectomy and fusion for treatment of symptomatic cervical disc disease: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery 2015. link 76 Zhang Y, Liang C, Tao Y, Zhou X, Li H, Li F et al.. Cervical total disc replacement is superior to anterior cervical decompression and fusion: a meta-analysis of prospective randomized controlled trials. PloS one 2015. link 77 Ren C, Song Y, Xue Y, Yang X. Mid- to long-term outcomes after cervical disc arthroplasty compared with anterior discectomy and fusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society 2014. link 78 Yadav YR, Parihar V, Ratre S, Kher Y. Endoscopic anterior decompression in cervical disc disease. Neurology India 2014. link 79 Lewis DJ, Attiah MA, Malhotra NR, Burnett MG, Stein SC. Anterior surgical management of single-level cervical disc disease: a cost-effectiveness analysis. Spine 2014. link 80 Burkus JK, Traynelis VC, Haid RW, Mummaneni PV. Clinical and radiographic analysis of an artificial cervical disc: 7-year follow-up from the Prestige prospective randomized controlled clinical trial: Clinical article. Journal of neurosurgery. Spine 2014. link 81 Sainoh T, Sakuma Y, Miyagi M, Orita S, Yamauchi K, Inoue G et al.. Efficacy of anti-nerve growth factor therapy for discogenic neck pain in rats. Spine 2014. link 82 Garczyk D, Jankowski R, Misterska E, Głowacki M, Żukiel R, Kowalska AM. Patient satisfaction with nursing after surgery due to cervical or lumbar discopathy. Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research 2013. link 83 Yin S, Yu X, Zhou S, Yin Z, Qiu Y. Is cervical disc arthroplasty superior to fusion for treatment of symptomatic cervical disc disease? A meta-analysis. Clinical orthopaedics and related research 2013. link 84 Qureshi SA, Koehler SM, Lu Y, Cho S, Hecht AC. Utilization trends of cervical artificial disc replacement during the FDA investigational device exemption clinical trials compared to anterior cervical fusion. Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia 2013. link 85 Gao Y, Liu M, Li T, Huang F, Tang T, Xiang Z. A meta-analysis comparing the results of cervical disc arthroplasty with anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) for the treatment of symptomatic cervical disc disease. The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume 2013. link 86 Hermansen A, Hedlund R, Vavruch L, Peolsson A. Positive predictive factors and subgroup analysis of clinically relevant improvement after anterior cervical decompression and fusion for cervical disc disease: a 10- to 13-year follow-up of a prospective randomized study: clinical article. Journal of neurosurgery. Spine 2013. link 87 Park JY, Kim KH, Kuh SU, Chin DK, Kim KS, Cho YE. What are the associative factors of adjacent segment degeneration after anterior cervical spine surgery? Comparative study between anterior cervical fusion and arthroplasty with 5-year follow-up MRI and CT. European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society 2013. link 88 Qureshi SA, McAnany S, Goz V, Koehler SM, Hecht AC. Cost-effectiveness analysis: comparing single-level cervical disc replacement and single-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: clinical article. Journal of neurosurgery. Spine 2013. link 89 Abouhashem S, Ammar M, Barakat M, Abdelhameed E. Management of Brown-Sequard syndrome in cervical disc diseases. Turkish neurosurgery 2013. link 90 Zhang Z, Gu B, Zhu W, Wang Q, Zhang W. Clinical and radiographic results of Bryan cervical total disc replacement: 4-year outcomes in a prospective study. Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery 2013. link 91 Chen F, Yang J, Ni B, Guo Q, Lu X, Xie N. Clinical and radiological follow-up of single-level Prestige LP cervical disc replacement. Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery 2013. link 92 Nesterenko SO, Riley LH, Skolasky RL. Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion versus cervical disc arthroplasty: current state and trends in treatment for cervical disc pathology. Spine 2012. link 93 Peolsson A, Löfstedt T, Trygg J, Peolsson M. Ultrasound imaging with speckle tracking of cervical muscle deformation and deformation rate: isometric contraction of patients after anterior cervical decompression and fusion for cervical disc disease and controls. Manual therapy 2012. link 94 Upadhyaya CD, Wu JC, Trost G, Haid RW, Traynelis VC, Tay B et al.. Analysis of the three United States Food and Drug Administration investigational device exemption cervical arthroplasty trials. Journal of neurosurgery. Spine 2012. link 95 Fernández-Fairen M, Murcia A, Torres A, Hernández-Vaquero D, Menzie AM. Is anterior cervical fusion with a porous tantalum implant a cost-effective method to treat cervical disc disease with radiculopathy?. Spine 2012. link 96 Jiang H, Zhu Z, Qiu Y, Qian B, Qiu X, Ji M. Cervical disc arthroplasty versus fusion for single-level symptomatic cervical disc disease: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery 2012. link 97 Brenke C, Scharf J, Schmieder K, Barth M. High prevalence of heterotopic ossification after cervical disc arthroplasty: outcome and intraoperative findings following explantation of 22 cervical disc prostheses. Journal of neurosurgery. Spine 2012. link 98 Richardson SS, Berven S. The development of a model for translation of the Neck Disability Index to utility scores for cost-utility analysis in cervical disorders. The spine journal : official journal of the North American Spine Society 2012. link 99 Enan A, Abu-Hegazy M, Abo-Hegy M, Al-Kerdany A. Single level cervical arthroplasty with the Discocerv prosthesis: a preliminary report. Acta orthopaedica Belgica 2011. link 100 Faldini C, Pagkrati S, Leonetti D, Miscione MT, Giannini S. Sagittal segmental alignment as predictor of adjacent-level degeneration after a cloward procedure. Clinical orthopaedics and related research 2011. link

Original source

[1]
Cervical disc disease in whippets: Results of an online survey involving Italian owners and breeders. — Dell'Apa D, Bianchi E, Auletta L, de Chiara M, Micieli F, Ferrari F et al. Research in veterinary science (2026)
[2]
Biomechanical Changes Following Cervical Disc Arthroplasty. — Shoukry H, Elashhab M, Bakr AI, Ahmed AS Ortopedia, traumatologia, rehabilitacja (2025)
[3]
Comparison of the Outcomes of Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion and Cervical Disc Replacement for Cervical Disc Disease. — Tabanli A, Akcay E, Yilmaz H, Ak C, Bologur O, Kayikci E Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP (2024)
[4]
Health Care Costs Following Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion or Cervical Disc Arthroplasty. — Nin DZ, Chen YW, Kim DH, Niu R, Powers A, Chang DC et al. Spine (2024)
[5]
Anterior percutaneous full-endoscopic transcorporeal decompression for cervical disc herniation: a finite element analysis and long-term follow-up study. — Du Q, Wang ZJ, Zheng HD, Wang SF, Cao GR, Xin ZJ et al. BMC musculoskeletal disorders (2024)
[6]
Comparison of fusion, arthroplasty and hybrid surgery outcomes in patients with two-level cervical disc disease. — Tabanli A, Eren TK Joint diseases and related surgery (2024)
[7]
Full Endoscopic Anterior Cervical Discectomy vs Anterior Cervical Discectomy with Fusion. A Systematic Review. — Theologou M, Varoutis P Turkish neurosurgery (2024)
[8]
Outcomes Following 2-Level Cervical Interventions with Cage-and-Plate, Zero-Profile, or Arthroplasty Constructs. — Khalid SI, Mirpuri P, Thomson K, Elsamadicy A, Massaad E, Deysher D et al. World neurosurgery (2023)
[9]
Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion for the treatment of giant cervical disc herniation. — Liang W, Xiong Y, Jia Y, Li S, Zhao K, Peng Z et al. Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research (2023)
[10]
Factors Associated with Postoperative Rehospitalization in Patients with Cervical Disc Herniation. — Lin PI, Chen TH, Chung HH, Su TM, Ma CC, Ou TC International journal of environmental research and public health (2022)
[11]
ProDisc-C versus anterior cervical discectomy and fusion for the surgical treatment of symptomatic cervical disc disease: two-year outcomes of Asian prospective randomized controlled multicentre study. — Kumar N, Liu ZJ, Poon WS, Park CK, Lin RM, Cho KS et al. European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society (2022)
[12]
Identification of compositional and structural changes in the nucleus pulposus of patients with cervical disc herniation by Raman spectroscopy. — Wang Z, Xue T, Zhang T, Wang X, Zhang H, Gao Z et al. Frontiers in endocrinology (2022)
[13]
Is Gender a Factor Affecting Long-Term Heterotopic Ossification Incidence After Single-Level Cervical Disc Arthroplasty? — Bongetta D, Bua M, Bruno R, Colombo EV, de Laurentis C, Versace A et al. World neurosurgery (2022)
[14]
Zero-profile implant versus integrated cage-plate implant in treatment of single level cervical disc disease. — Ibrahim MZ, Abdel-Rahman AFM, El Zahlawy H Acta orthopaedica Belgica (2022)
[15]
Cervical Total Disc Replacement: Novel Devices. — Guyer RD, Albano JL, Ohnmeiss DD Neurosurgery clinics of North America (2021)
[16]
Cervical Total Disc Replacement: Indications and Technique. — Nunley P, Schouwen KFV, Stone M Neurosurgery clinics of North America (2021)
[17]
Cervical Total Disc Replacement: Complications and Complication Avoidance. — Price RL, Coric D, Ray WZ Neurosurgery clinics of North America (2021)
[18]
Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion: A Surgical Intervention for Treating Cervical Disc Disease. — Karasin B, Grzelak M AORN journal (2021)
[19]
Acute Migration Following Dissociation of Components of Cervical Disc Arthroplasty. — Jain M, Doki SK, Gaikwad M, Khutia S Neurology India (2021)
[20]
Surgical Treatment of the Patients with Cervical Disc Herniation at Clinical Center of University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. — Sefo H, Ahmetspahic A, Hajdarpasic E, Barucija M, Muftic M Medical archives (Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina) (2021)
[21]
Clinical study on the efficacy and safety of percutaneous endoscopic anterior cervical discectomy in the treatment of cervical disc herniation. — Haijun M, Haoping Z, Honggang Z, Xiaobing Z International orthopaedics (2021)
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