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Cardiology12 papers

Atony of esophagus

Last edited: 4/23/2026

Overview

Atony of the uterus, characterized by inadequate uterine contractions, can lead to severe postpartum hemorrhage unresponsive to conventional uterotonic agents. 1

Diagnosis

  • Persistent uterine bleeding post-delivery despite administration of standard uterotonic agents.
  • Absence of palpable uterine muscle tone.
  • Hemodynamic instability may indicate severity.
  • Management

  • First-line treatments: Conventional uterotonic agents (e.g., oxytocin, ergometrine).
  • Adjunctive treatments: Intramyometrial injection of prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2α) in doses of 1-2 mg can be effective. Administered transabdominally, transvaginally, or intraabdominally during cesarean section. 1
  • Special Populations

  • Pregnancy: Intramyometrial PGF2α injection is noted in cesarean sections but not specifically detailed for vaginal deliveries. 1
  • Key Recommendations

  • Consider intramyometrial injection of prostaglandin F2 alpha (1-2 mg) for severe hemorrhage due to uterine atony unresponsive to conventional treatments. (Evidence: Moderate) 1
  • Monitor closely for potential side effects, particularly intravascular injection risks. (Evidence: Weak) 1
  • References

    1 Vincenti E, Tambuscio B, Marchesoni D, Graziottin A, Di Lenardo L, Chiaranda M. Use of intramyometrial injection of prostaglandin F 2 alpha in the management of intractable hemorrhage due to uterine atony. Clinical and experimental obstetrics & gynecology 1982. link

    Original source

    1. [1]
      Use of intramyometrial injection of prostaglandin F 2 alpha in the management of intractable hemorrhage due to uterine atony.Vincenti E, Tambuscio B, Marchesoni D, Graziottin A, Di Lenardo L, Chiaranda M Clinical and experimental obstetrics & gynecology (1982)

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